Krisna species are insects that have piercing–sucking mouthparts and belong to the Krisnini tribe in the Iassinae subfamily of leafhoppers in the Cicadellidae family. In this study, we sequenced and compared the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of four Krisna species. The results showed that all four mitogenomes were composed of cyclic double-stranded molecules and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 22 and 2 genes coding for tRNAs and rRNAs, respectively. Those mitogenomes exhibited similar base composition, gene size, and codon usage patterns for the protein-coding genes. The analysis of the nonsynonymous substitution rate (Ka)/synonymous substitution rate (Ks) showed that evolution occurred the fastest in ND4 and the slowest in COI. 13 PCGs that underwent purification selection were suitable for studying phylogenetic relationships within Krisna. ND2, ND6, and ATP6 had highly variable nucleotide diversity, whereas COI and ND1 exhibited the lowest diversity. Genes or gene regions with high nucleotide diversity can provide potential marker candidates for population genetics and species delimitation in Krisna. Analyses of parity and neutral plots showed that both natural selection and mutation pressure affected the codon usage bias. In the phylogenetic analysis, all subfamilies were restored to a monophyletic group; the Krisnini tribe is monophyletic, and the Krisna genus is paraphyletic. Our study provides novel insights into the significance of the background nucleotide composition and codon usage patterns in the CDSs of the 13 mitochondrial PCGs of the Krisna genome, which could enable the identification of a different gene organization and may be used for accurate phylogenetic analysis of Krisna species.

We have sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the leafhopper Evacanthus heimianus in Evacanthinae, the mitogenome is 15,806 bp, has an A + T content of 79.89% (A 40.7%; T 39.2% C 10.7%; G 9.4%), which is the classical structure for insect mitogenome. All PCGs started with ATN and stopped with TAN, except ATP8 and ATP6, which started with TTG. The phylogenetic tree confirms that E. heimianus and Sophonia linealis are clustered into a clade. This study enriches the mitogenomes of the Evacanthinae subfamily.

We sequenced and annotated the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Ledra auditura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among 47 species (including 2 outgroup species) on the basis of 3 datasets using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. The complete L. auditura mitogenome (length, 16,094 bp) comprises 37 genes [13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs], 1 control region, and 2 long non-coding regions. The first long non-coding region (length, 211 bp) is located between tRNA-I and tRNA-Q and the second region (length, 994 bp) between tRNA-S2 and ND1. All PCGs show ATN (Met/Ile) as their start codon and TAR as their stop codon. Except tRNA-S1 (AGN), which lacks the dihydrouridine arm, all tRNAs can fold into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The complete L. auditura mitogenome shows a base composition bias of 76.3% A + T (A = 29.9%, T = 46.4%, G = 13.3%, and C = 10.5%), negative AT skew of −0.22, and positive GC skew of 0.12. In ML and BI analyses, L. auditura was clustered with Evacanthus heimianus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) with strong branch support.