The aim of the study is to present a strategy of rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis on the basis of the latest developments in the field of physiotherapy. The publications on the problem discuss a wide range of methods of physiotherapy that can be used in order to reduce the degree of disability and alleviate the symptoms associated with the disease. The complexity of the disease, the difficulty in determining the appropriate treatment and a wide range of symptoms require a comprehensive approach to the patient, which would include both pharmacology and neurorehabilitation. Rehabilitation, which includes psychotherapy and symptomatic therapy, is regarded nowadays as the best form of treatment for multiple sclerosis. An indepth diagnostic assessment of functional status and prognosis should be carried out before the start of the rehabilitation process. The prognosis should take into account the mental state, the neurological status and the awareness of the patient. The kinesiotherapy program in multiple sclerosis is based on a gradation of physiotherapy which assumes a gradual transition from basic movements to more complex ones till global functions are obtained. The most appropriate form of treatment is functional rehabilitation combined with physical procedures. Recent reports indicate the need for aerobic training to be included in the rehabilitation program. The introduction of physical activities, regardless of the severity of the disease, will reduce the negative effects of akinesia, and thus increase the functional capabilities of all body systems.

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF) are commonly present in daily life all over the world. Moreover, EMF are used in the physiotherapy of many diseases because of their beneficial effects. There is widespread public concern that EMF may have potential consequences for human health. Although experimental animal studies indicate that EMF may influence secretion of some hormones, the data on the effects of EMF on human endocrine system are scarce. Most of the results concentrate on influence of EMF on secretion of melatonin. In this review, the data on the influence of EMF on human endocrine system are briefly presented and discussed.

Background: Low back pain syndrome is associated with muscular and myofascial pain and is linked with muscle overstrain or a lack of regular physical activity as well as a habitual bad posture, which cause the overload of perispinal soft tissues. One of the forms of therapy of LBP is the mesotherapy of the spine, which consists of multi-point micro-injections of drugs or medicine mixtures, which include preparations of collagen type I. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of mesotherapy with collagen type I. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the results of the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain syndrome using mesotherapy was performed. A total of 130 patients (83 women and 47 men; mean age: 51 ± 14 years) were divided into two groups: group I (n = 65), treated with collagen type I, and group II (n = 65), treated with lignocaine 1%. Mesotherapy was performed weekly over five weeks. Patients were assessed using the following scales: the VAS, Laitinen Scale, and Revised Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale before the start of the treatment, after five treatments, and at the three-month follow-up visit. Results: A statistically significant improvement was observed after the use of spinal mesotherapy both with collagen type I and lignocaine, with the collagen treatment having better results at the three-month follow-up visit. No adverse effects were observed after the procedures. Conclusions: Spinal mesotherapy using collagen type I and lignocaine seems to be an effective method in the treatment of chronic LBP. Collagen mesotherapy gives better results in the long term. Mesotherapy is a safe form of therapy.

Back pain as a lifestyle disease

Sedentary lifestyles, work overload, and lack of regular physical activity are risk factors for spinal pain syndrome. In everyday medical practice, spinal pain syndrome of a muscular or myofascial, or non-neurogenic, nature is diagnosed. This problem affects a large group of patients and reaches about 70–80% of spinal pain cases. Usually, one of the primary treatments is with NSAIDs (Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs). In this case, one treatment method that is safe and has no side effects is spinal mesotherapy. This method consists of performing multi-point intradermal microinjections with the administration of drugs or medical devices. Based on a new perspective on the treatment of spinal pathology—the so-called three-stage treatment concept—it is necessary to deal with the risk factor(s) of spinal pain syndrome and reduce or at least modify them (stage I). This is followed by a broadly understood medical therapy, in this case spinal mesotherapy (stage II), which aims to relax tense tissues, improve mobility in the spine and thus reduce pain. As a result, conditions are created for the necessary process, which is rehabilitation in the broadest sense (stage III). Movement therapy, which is crucial in spinal pain syndrome, is performed with less pain, after obtaining better patient mobility. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the role of rehabilitation of patients after spinal mesotherapy in terms of the three-stage treatment concept for spinal pathology.

Greater trochanter pain syndrome (GTPS) occurs in a large group of patients. This problem can affect patients of any age and is associated with a sedentary, overloading, and non-ergonomic lifestyle/work with a concomitant lack of regular physical activity. The literature to date describes the effectiveness of various therapies. Glucocorticosteroid injections and physical therapy are used. One of the new methods is injection collagen therapy using collagen type I (COL-I), a protein of porcine origin, which aims, among other things, to regenerate inflammation-changed tendon. Various repair mechanisms are activated, including the induction and proliferation of fibroblasts, as well as their migration to the pathological site. This is followed by stimulation and synthesis of COL-I, secretion, and maturation. Ultimately, a regenerative effect is achieved. This article aims to discuss the role of COL-I in the injectable treatment of GTPS as a new therapeutic approach.