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Soil microorganisms might be assessed for their capabilities of plant growth promotion in order to identify heat tolerant strategies for crop production. The planned study was conducted to determine the potential of heat tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in mitigating heat stress effects in tomato. Bacillus cereus was evaluated for plant growth promoting activities and assessed for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC-deaminase) (0.76–C0.9 μM/mg protein/h), and exopolysaccharide (0.66–C0.91 mg/mL) under normal and heat stressed conditions. Plant growth regulators were evaluated through High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Bacterial inoculation effects on important physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated under normal and heat stressed conditions in growth chamber. The morphological-physiological traits significantly revealed drastic effects on both of un-inoculated tomato varieties under heat stress conditions. Bacterial augmentation significantly promoted shoot, root length, leaf surface area, fresh and dry weight. Heat stress enhanced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and cleavage of ACC into a-ketobutyrate and ammonia due to ACC-deaminase producing bacteria that significantly reduced the adverse effects of heat on tomato growth. In conclusion, the applied plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bacterial strain proved as potential candidate for improving tomato crop growing under heat stressed conditions. However, it is highly suggested to validate the current results by conducting field trials.
Tehmeena Mukhtar; Shafiq Ur Rehman; Donald Smith; Tariq Sultan; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Abdullah A. Alsadon; Amna; Shafaqat Ali; Hassan Javed Chaudhary; Talaat H. I. Solieman; Abdullah A. Ibrahim; Montasir A. O. Saad. Mitigation of Heat Stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. by ACC-deaminase and Exopolysaccharide Producing Bacillus cereus: Effects on Biochemical Profiling. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2159 .
AMA StyleTehmeena Mukhtar, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Donald Smith, Tariq Sultan, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Abdullah A. Alsadon, Amna, Shafaqat Ali, Hassan Javed Chaudhary, Talaat H. I. Solieman, Abdullah A. Ibrahim, Montasir A. O. Saad. Mitigation of Heat Stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. by ACC-deaminase and Exopolysaccharide Producing Bacillus cereus: Effects on Biochemical Profiling. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTehmeena Mukhtar; Shafiq Ur Rehman; Donald Smith; Tariq Sultan; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Abdullah A. Alsadon; Amna; Shafaqat Ali; Hassan Javed Chaudhary; Talaat H. I. Solieman; Abdullah A. Ibrahim; Montasir A. O. Saad. 2020. "Mitigation of Heat Stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. by ACC-deaminase and Exopolysaccharide Producing Bacillus cereus: Effects on Biochemical Profiling." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2159.
(1) Background. Snake venom phosphodiesterases (SVPDEs) are among the least studied venom enzymes. In envenomation, they display various pathological effects, including induction of hypotension, inhibition of platelet aggregation, edema, and paralysis. Until now, there have been no 3D structural studies of these enzymes, thereby preventing structure–function analysis. To enable such investigations, the present work describes the model-based structural and functional characterization of a phosphodiesterase from Crotalus adamanteus venom, named PDE_Ca. (2) Methods. The PDE_Ca structure model was produced and validated using various software (model building: I-TESSER, MODELLER 9v19, Swiss-Model, and validation tools: PROCHECK, ERRAT, Molecular Dynamic Simulation, and Verif3D). (3) Results. The proposed model of the enzyme indicates that the 3D structure of PDE_Ca comprises four domains, a somatomedin B domain, a somatomedin B-like domain, an ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase domain, and a DNA/RNA non-specific domain. Sequence and structural analyses suggest that differences in length and composition among homologous snake venom sequences may account for their differences in substrate specificity. Other properties that may influence substrate specificity are the average volume and depth of the active site cavity. (4) Conclusion. Sequence comparisons indicate that SVPDEs exhibit high sequence identity but comparatively low identity with mammalian and bacterial PDEs.
Anwar Ullah; Kifayat Ullah; Hamid Ali; Christian Betzel; Shafiq Ur Rehman. The Sequence and a Three-Dimensional Structural Analysis Reveal Substrate Specificity among Snake Venom Phosphodiesterases. Toxins 2019, 11, 625 .
AMA StyleAnwar Ullah, Kifayat Ullah, Hamid Ali, Christian Betzel, Shafiq Ur Rehman. The Sequence and a Three-Dimensional Structural Analysis Reveal Substrate Specificity among Snake Venom Phosphodiesterases. Toxins. 2019; 11 (11):625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnwar Ullah; Kifayat Ullah; Hamid Ali; Christian Betzel; Shafiq Ur Rehman. 2019. "The Sequence and a Three-Dimensional Structural Analysis Reveal Substrate Specificity among Snake Venom Phosphodiesterases." Toxins 11, no. 11: 625.