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Dr. Long Cheng
The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Nitrogen emission reduction
0 Sustainable animal production
0 animal nutriton
0 Protein digestion (ruminant)
0 Biomarkers for feed efficiency

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Journal article
Published: 31 August 2021 in Dairy
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The study utilised a pasture grazing based, voluntary traffic automatic milking system to investigate milk production of cows fed a pasture-based diet and supplemented with a pellet formulated with vs. without rumen-protected lysine and methionine (RPLM). The study adopted a switch-over design (over two periods of 5 and 10 weeks, respectively) and used 36 cows and equally allocated them into two experimental groups. The RPLM (Trial) pellet had 2% lower crude protein, but similar metabolizable energy content compared to the Control pellet. Pellet intake was 10.0 and 9.4 kg/day/cow. Milk yield was 36.2 and 34.4 kg/day/cow (p = 0.23), and energy corrected milk was 35.1 and 33.8 kg/day/cow (p = 0.076), and milk solids was 2.55 and 2.46 kg/cow/day (p = 0.073) in the Control and Trial groups, respectively. Milk fat%, milk protein%, milk fat: protein ratio, milking frequency and rumination time were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05). In period 1, plasma glucose was 3.1 mmol/L for both groups and milk urea were 150 and 127 mg/L in the Control and Trial groups, respectively. Both plasma glucose (as a proxy for energy supply) and milk urea (as a proxy for nitrogen use efficiency; NUE) were not different between groups (p > 0.05). This study showed that under a grazing pasture system, feeding lactating dairy cows a low protein pellet with RPLM supplementation, maintained milk production performance and NUE, compared with cows fed a high protein Control pellet diet with no RPLM. Further research should assess the long-term (seasonal) effects of feeding a diet formulated with RPLM on cow intake, health and reproductive performance.

ACS Style

Long Cheng; Razaq Balogun; Fanzeng Meng; Frank R. Dunshea; Brendan Cullen. Body Condition Score, Rumination, Intake, Milk Production and Milk Composition of Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine. Dairy 2021, 2, 462 -468.

AMA Style

Long Cheng, Razaq Balogun, Fanzeng Meng, Frank R. Dunshea, Brendan Cullen. Body Condition Score, Rumination, Intake, Milk Production and Milk Composition of Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine. Dairy. 2021; 2 (3):462-468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Long Cheng; Razaq Balogun; Fanzeng Meng; Frank R. Dunshea; Brendan Cullen. 2021. "Body Condition Score, Rumination, Intake, Milk Production and Milk Composition of Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine." Dairy 2, no. 3: 462-468.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Dairy
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This study aimed to identify suitable predictors of nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE; milk N/N intake) for cows that differed in breeds and were fed with ryegrass pasture, using existing data from the scientific literature. Data from 16 studies were used to develop models based on the relationships between NUE and dietary and animal-based factors. Data from a further 10 studies were used for model validation. Milk urea N (MUN) and dietary water-soluble carbohydrate-to-crudeprotein ratio (WSC/CP) were the best and most practical animal- and diet-based proxies to predict NUE. The results indicate that it might be necessary to adopt separate models for different breeds when using WSC/CP to predict NUE but not when using MUN.

ACS Style

Wumaierjiang Aizimu; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Simon Hodge; Richard J. Dewhurst; Ao Chen; Guangyong Zhao; Saranika Talukder; Grant R. Edwards; Long Cheng. Estimation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Ryegrass-Fed Dairy Cows: Model Development Using Diet- and Animal-Based Proxy Measures. Dairy 2021, 2, 435 -451.

AMA Style

Wumaierjiang Aizimu, Omar Al-Marashdeh, Simon Hodge, Richard J. Dewhurst, Ao Chen, Guangyong Zhao, Saranika Talukder, Grant R. Edwards, Long Cheng. Estimation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Ryegrass-Fed Dairy Cows: Model Development Using Diet- and Animal-Based Proxy Measures. Dairy. 2021; 2 (3):435-451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wumaierjiang Aizimu; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Simon Hodge; Richard J. Dewhurst; Ao Chen; Guangyong Zhao; Saranika Talukder; Grant R. Edwards; Long Cheng. 2021. "Estimation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Ryegrass-Fed Dairy Cows: Model Development Using Diet- and Animal-Based Proxy Measures." Dairy 2, no. 3: 435-451.

Research reflection
Published: 22 March 2021 in Journal of Dairy Research
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The global dairy sector is facing the challenge of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions whilst increasing productivity to feed a growing population. Despite the importance of this challenge, many developing countries do not have the required resources, specifically funding, expertise and facilities, for quantifying GHG emissions from dairy production and research. This paper aims to address this challenge by discussing the magnitude of the issue, potential mitigation approaches and benefits in quantifying GHG emissions in a developing country context. Further, the paper explores the opportunities for developing country dairy scientists to leverage resources from developed countries, such as using existing relevant GHG emission estimation models. It is clear that further research is required to support developing countries to quantify and understand GHG emissions from dairy production, as it brings significant benefits including helping to identify and implement appropriate mitigation strategies for local production systems, trading carbon credits and achieving the nationally determined contribution obligations of the Paris Agreement.

ACS Style

Sineka Munidasa; Richard Eckard; Xuezhao Sun; Brendan Cullen; David McGill; Deli Chen; Long Cheng. Challenges and opportunities for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions through dairy cattle research in developing countries. Journal of Dairy Research 2021, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Sineka Munidasa, Richard Eckard, Xuezhao Sun, Brendan Cullen, David McGill, Deli Chen, Long Cheng. Challenges and opportunities for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions through dairy cattle research in developing countries. Journal of Dairy Research. 2021; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sineka Munidasa; Richard Eckard; Xuezhao Sun; Brendan Cullen; David McGill; Deli Chen; Long Cheng. 2021. "Challenges and opportunities for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions through dairy cattle research in developing countries." Journal of Dairy Research , no. : 1-5.

Brief report
Published: 10 February 2021 in Dairy
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Precision livestock farming (PLF) supports the development of sustainable dairy production. The sensors used in PLF provide valuable information for farm management, but they must be validated to ensure the accuracy. The goal of this study was to validate and use the RumiWatch sensor (RWS; Itin+Hoch GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland) to differentiate prehension bites, eating chews, mastication chews and rumination chews in pressure-based system. Twenty cows were used for 14 days to provide a validation dataset. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was adopted to test the concordance between the RumiWatch sensor and video observation. The RumiWatch sensor performed well in counting prehension bites (CCC = 0.98), eating chews (CCC = 0.95) and rumination chews (CCC = 0.96), while it showed an acceptable concordance in counting mastication chews with video observation (CCC = 0.77). Moderate correlations were found between eating chews and daily milk production: daily milk production (kg/day) = 0.001151 × eating chews (chews/day) − 11.73 (R 2 = 0.31; standard error (SE) = 8.88; p = 0.011), and between mastication chews and daily milk production: daily milk production (kg/day) = 0.001935 × mastication chews (chews/day) + 2.103 (R 2 = 0.34; SE = 8.70; p = 0.007). Overall, the results indicated that the RumiWatch sensor can be confidently used to quantify and differentiate prehension bites, eating chews and rumination chews; in addition, ingestive behaviours explained up to 34% of the variation in milk production.

ACS Style

Zelin Li; Long Cheng; Brendan Cullen. Validation and Use of the RumiWatch Noseband Sensor for Monitoring Grazing Behaviours of Lactating Dairy Cows. Dairy 2021, 2, 104 -111.

AMA Style

Zelin Li, Long Cheng, Brendan Cullen. Validation and Use of the RumiWatch Noseband Sensor for Monitoring Grazing Behaviours of Lactating Dairy Cows. Dairy. 2021; 2 (1):104-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zelin Li; Long Cheng; Brendan Cullen. 2021. "Validation and Use of the RumiWatch Noseband Sensor for Monitoring Grazing Behaviours of Lactating Dairy Cows." Dairy 2, no. 1: 104-111.

Original article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Grassland Science
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Forage dry matter (DM) yield and its nutrient content are important in livestock nutrition; however, they have distinct, even opposite responses to mowing regimes. To optimize forage resources, two independent field experiments were conducted to determine effects of initial mowing time (15‐day intervals from May 15 to September 1) and mowing frequency (one to five times per year) on DM yield and nutritive value of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. The greatest cumulative DM yield (cDMY), pre‐mowing crude protein yield (pCPY) and cumulative crude protein yield (cCPY) were attained when initial mowing occurred from July 15 to August 15. The crude protein (CP) concentration of pDMY was higher, whereas fiber concentrations were lower, when initial mowing was from May 15 to June 15, with opposite results when the initial mowing was delayed (July 1 to September 30). When mowing three times annually, cDMY and cCPY of L. chinensis were higher (p < .05) than with less frequent mowing. With more than three mowings, accumulated CP yield of L. chinensis was not significantly affected. With four or five yearly mowings, accumulated DM yield of L. chinensis decreased significantly compared to mowing one to three times. In conclusion, based on DM yield and nutritive value, the optimal initial mowing date ranged from July 15 to August 15, whereas optimal mowing frequency was three times yearly.

ACS Style

Chengzhen Zhao; Qiang Li; Long Cheng; Rongzhen Zhong. Effects of mowing regimes on forage yield and crude protein of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel in Songnen grassland. Grassland Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Chengzhen Zhao, Qiang Li, Long Cheng, Rongzhen Zhong. Effects of mowing regimes on forage yield and crude protein of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel in Songnen grassland. Grassland Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengzhen Zhao; Qiang Li; Long Cheng; Rongzhen Zhong. 2021. "Effects of mowing regimes on forage yield and crude protein of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel in Songnen grassland." Grassland Science , no. : 1.

Short report
Published: 21 January 2021 in Grassland Science
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The objective was to investigate effects of feeding lambs fresh versus dried Puccinellia. tenuiflora (Griesb.) Scribn. & Merr. on nutrient and water intake and apparent digestibility. Twenty‐four lambs were offered fresh or dried (48 hr) grass. The dry matter (DM) content of fresh grass was 65% of dried grass and the neutral detergent fiber exclude ash (aNDFom) content of fresh grass was 87% of dried grass, whereas the metabolizable energy concentration of two forages was similar. Lambs eating fresh grass had higher (p < .05) DM intake (944 versus 837 g DM day−1 sheep−1), metabolizable energy intake (9.1 versus 7.9 MJ day‐1sheep−1), and crude protein intake (86 versus 75 g day‐1 sheep−1) than those eating dried grass. However, there was no significant difference between treatments in drinking water intake, fecal nutrient output or nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, feeding lambs fresh P. tenuiflora improved voluntary feed intake without depressing nutrient digestibility.

ACS Style

Rongzhen Zhong; Long Cheng; Yi Fang; Zelin Li; Vida Lamptey; Daowei Zhou. Effects of feeding lambs fresh versus dried Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griesb.) Scribn. & Merr. on water and nutrient intake and apparent digestibility. Grassland Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Rongzhen Zhong, Long Cheng, Yi Fang, Zelin Li, Vida Lamptey, Daowei Zhou. Effects of feeding lambs fresh versus dried Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griesb.) Scribn. & Merr. on water and nutrient intake and apparent digestibility. Grassland Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rongzhen Zhong; Long Cheng; Yi Fang; Zelin Li; Vida Lamptey; Daowei Zhou. 2021. "Effects of feeding lambs fresh versus dried Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griesb.) Scribn. & Merr. on water and nutrient intake and apparent digestibility." Grassland Science , no. : 1.

Regular articles
Published: 07 January 2021 in Tropical Animal Health and Production
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The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of plantain herb (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on growth, plasma metabolites, liver enzymatic activity, hormonal status, gastrointestinal parasites, and carcass characteristics of lambs. A total of 24 lambs, aged 6 months weighing 8.0 ± 0.5 kg were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments: (1) CL diet—roadside grass and concentrate mixture; (2) PL diet—CL diet + 5% fresh plantain supplementation on a DM basis. The PL diet group exhibited 23% higher (P = 0.01) average daily gain and 15% improved (P = 0.03) feed conversion efficiency. Circulating cholesterol concentrations were suppressed by 9% (P = 0.03), and liver enzyme activity was improved by 5–25% (P < 0.05) in the lamb fed PL diet, compared with CL diet only. The inclusion of plantain in the diet was highly effective at suppressing the parasites, Paramphistomum spp. (P = 0.003) and coccidial parasites (P = 0.04), but not stomach worms. Moreover, plantain supplementation increased growth hormone and insulin concentrations in plasma level, whereas decreased carcass fat by 32.7%. Therefore, supplementation of the lambs’ diet with plantain showed some beneficial effects on productivity and parasitic infection, while it led to a leaner carcass.

ACS Style

M. M. Reza; M. R. A. Redoy; M. A. Rahman; S. Ety; M. A. Alim; L. Cheng; M. Al-Mamun. Response of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on nutritional, endo-parasitic, and endocrine status in lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2021, 53, 1 -7.

AMA Style

M. M. Reza, M. R. A. Redoy, M. A. Rahman, S. Ety, M. A. Alim, L. Cheng, M. Al-Mamun. Response of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on nutritional, endo-parasitic, and endocrine status in lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2021; 53 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. M. Reza; M. R. A. Redoy; M. A. Rahman; S. Ety; M. A. Alim; L. Cheng; M. Al-Mamun. 2021. "Response of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on nutritional, endo-parasitic, and endocrine status in lambs." Tropical Animal Health and Production 53, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Applied Sciences
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To investigate the effects of microwave (MW) treatment on hays nutritive value, five types of hay (50 g) were treated with MW for 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, and 80 s (0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 kJ kg−1 of MW energy, respectively) and analyzed for nutritive value prior to scanning by an electron microscope to observe microstructure changes. The dry matter (DM) % of hays were increased with increasing treatment time (p < 0.001). The improved DM and digestible organic matter in the DM were recorded from MW treated lucerne (60 s), wheat (40 s), and canola (20 s) (p < 0.001), which might have been due to the MW ruptured cell wall. The MW energy required for maximal DM digestibility improvement was linearly related to control hay crude protein content (r2 = 0.79; p < 0.001). Overall, the study showed MW treatment can increase some hays’ digestibility. In addition, the crude protein content from control hay may be a proxy to indicate DM digestibility improvement.

ACS Style

Safiqur Rahaman Shishir; Graham Brodie; Brendan Cullen; Ravneet Kaur; Ellie Cho; Long Cheng. Microwave Heat Treatment Induced Changes in Forage Hay Digestibility and Cell Microstructure. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8017 .

AMA Style

Safiqur Rahaman Shishir, Graham Brodie, Brendan Cullen, Ravneet Kaur, Ellie Cho, Long Cheng. Microwave Heat Treatment Induced Changes in Forage Hay Digestibility and Cell Microstructure. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):8017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiqur Rahaman Shishir; Graham Brodie; Brendan Cullen; Ravneet Kaur; Ellie Cho; Long Cheng. 2020. "Microwave Heat Treatment Induced Changes in Forage Hay Digestibility and Cell Microstructure." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 8017.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2020 in Animals
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Increasing pasture diversity and spatially separated sowing arrangements can potentially increase the dry matter intake of high-quality forages leading to improved animal production. This study investigated the effects of simple (two-species) and diverse (six-species) pastures planted either in mixed or spatially separated adjacent pasture strips on performance, N partitioning, and methane emission of dairy cows. Thirty-six mid-lactation Jersey cows grazed either (1) simple mixed, (2) simple spatially separated, (3) diverse mixed, or (4) diverse spatially separated pastures planted in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Compared to simple pasture, diverse pasture had lower CP content but higher condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds with an overall positive effect on yield of milk solids, nitrogen utilization, including a reduction of N output from urine, and methane yields per dry matter eaten. The spatial separation increased legume and CP content in simple pasture but decreased NDF in both diverse and simple pastures. In conclusion, increasing diversity using pasture species with higher nutritive value and secondary compounds can help improving the production while decreasing the environmental effect of dairy farming, while spatial separation had a minor effect on feed intake and yield, possibly due to overall high-quality pastures in early spring.

ACS Style

Lorena Carmona-Flores; Massimo Bionaz; Troy Downing; Muhammet Sahin; Long Cheng; Serkan Ates. Milk Production, N Partitioning, and Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows Grazing Mixed or Spatially Separated Simple and Diverse Pastures. Animals 2020, 10, 1301 .

AMA Style

Lorena Carmona-Flores, Massimo Bionaz, Troy Downing, Muhammet Sahin, Long Cheng, Serkan Ates. Milk Production, N Partitioning, and Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows Grazing Mixed or Spatially Separated Simple and Diverse Pastures. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorena Carmona-Flores; Massimo Bionaz; Troy Downing; Muhammet Sahin; Long Cheng; Serkan Ates. 2020. "Milk Production, N Partitioning, and Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows Grazing Mixed or Spatially Separated Simple and Diverse Pastures." Animals 10, no. 8: 1301.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2020 in Journal of Dairy Research
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ACS Style

Long Cheng. The need for consideration of environmental implications in developing countries’ dairy research. Journal of Dairy Research 2020, 87, 143 -144.

AMA Style

Long Cheng. The need for consideration of environmental implications in developing countries’ dairy research. Journal of Dairy Research. 2020; 87 (2):143-144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Long Cheng. 2020. "The need for consideration of environmental implications in developing countries’ dairy research." Journal of Dairy Research 87, no. 2: 143-144.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2020 in Animals
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The objective of this study was to measure the impacts of summer heat events on physiological parameters (body temperature, respiratory rate and panting scores), grazing behaviour and production parameters of lactating Holstein Friesian cows managed on an Automated Robotic Dairy during Australian summer. The severity of heat stress was measured using Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) and impacts of different THIs—low (≤72), moderate (73–82) and high (≥83)—on physiological responses and production performance were measured. There was a highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect of THI on respiratory rate (66.7, 84.7 and 109.1/min), panting scores (1.4, 1.9 and 2.3) and average body temperature of cows (38.4, 39.4 and 41.5 °C), which increased as THI increased from low to moderate to high over the summer. Average milk production parameters were also significantly (p ≤ 0.01) affected by THI, such that daily milk production dropped by 14% from low to high THI, milk temperature and fat% increased by 3%, whilst protein% increased by 2%. The lactation stage of cow had no significant effect on physiological parameters but affected (p ≤ 0.05) average daily milk yield and milk solids. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlations were obtained between THI and milk temperature, fat% and protein% whilst the reverse was observed between THI and milk yield, feed intake and rumination time. Under moderate and high THI, most cows sought shade, spent more time around watering points and showed signs of distress (excessive salivation and open mouth panting). In view of the expected future increase in the frequency and severity of heat events, additional strategies including selection and breeding for thermotolerance and dietary interventions to improve resilience of cows need to be pursued.

ACS Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah; Frank R. Dunshea; Brian J. Leury; Long Cheng; Brendan Cullen; Aleena Joy; Archana Abhijith; Michael H. Zhang; Surinder S. Chauhan. Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy. Animals 2020, 10, 869 .

AMA Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah, Frank R. Dunshea, Brian J. Leury, Long Cheng, Brendan Cullen, Aleena Joy, Archana Abhijith, Michael H. Zhang, Surinder S. Chauhan. Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy. Animals. 2020; 10 (5):869.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah; Frank R. Dunshea; Brian J. Leury; Long Cheng; Brendan Cullen; Aleena Joy; Archana Abhijith; Michael H. Zhang; Surinder S. Chauhan. 2020. "Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy." Animals 10, no. 5: 869.

Short communication
Published: 20 April 2020 in New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research
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The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma amino acid (AA) concentration and urinary nitrogen (N) concentration of dairy heifers offered cut plantain or perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture indoors. Twelve Jersey-Friesian heifers aged 9–10 months were equally assigned to two dietary treatments (plantain vs. perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture) in a completely randomised design. Urinary N concentration was lower in plantain fed heifers (1.4 g/kg) than in perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture fed heifers (3.4 g/kg). Feeding cut plantain or perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture did not have an effect on either plasma essential AA, non-essential AA or total AA. There was no association found between plasma AA concentration and urinary N concentration in the present study. Therefore, the urinary N concentration reduction in plantain fed heifers compared with perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture cannot be attributed by the differences in plasma AA.

ACS Style

Innocent Rugoho; Glenn Judson; Grant Edwards; Long Cheng. There is no relationship between plasma amino acid concentration and urinary nitrogen concentration in heifers fed plantain or ryegrass. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 2020, 64, 56 -61.

AMA Style

Innocent Rugoho, Glenn Judson, Grant Edwards, Long Cheng. There is no relationship between plasma amino acid concentration and urinary nitrogen concentration in heifers fed plantain or ryegrass. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 2020; 64 (1):56-61.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Innocent Rugoho; Glenn Judson; Grant Edwards; Long Cheng. 2020. "There is no relationship between plasma amino acid concentration and urinary nitrogen concentration in heifers fed plantain or ryegrass." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 64, no. 1: 56-61.

Communication
Published: 28 January 2020 in Animals
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Dietary supplementation of lysophospholipids improves ruminant growth performance and may increase milk production in dairy cows. Pelleted total mixed rations are increasingly used in ruminant production systems. However, the effects of lysophospholipid supplementation in a pelleted total mixed ration for dairy cows have not been reported before. In this study, we fed dairy cows pelleted total mixed rations containing 0 or 0.5 g of lysophospholipids in a kilogram of diet and found that lysophospholipids did not increase milk and nutrient yields or improve milk quality, although the feed additive altered certain plasma biochemical parameters, which may be beneficial for animal health. We do not recommend lysophospholipids to be used as a feed additive in pelleted total mixed rations for dairy cows based on the current evidence we collected from this study. Lysophospholipids (LPL), a new feed additive, were supplemented to a pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) of dairy cows to examine its effects on feed intake, production, and composition of milk and plasma biochemical parameters. Two dietary treatments included diets supplemented without (control diet; CON) or with LPL at a dose of 0.5 g/kg of pelleted TMR. Twelve multiparous, mid-lactation, Holstein cows (Bodyweight 730 ± 9.3 kg; 100 ± 6.0 days in milk) were randomly assigned to one of the two dietary treatments with a 42-day measurement period after a 14-day adaptation period. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Feed intake and milk yields were recorded daily, blood samples were collected fortnightly, and milk samples weekly. The results showed that the supplementation of LPL did not change feed dry matter intake, milk yields, and milk composition. However, it increased total protein and globulin and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and decreased total cholesterol in plasma. This study suggests that LPL may have beneficent effects in animal health but might be not a feasible feed additive to increase production for dairy cows fed a pelleted TMR.

ACS Style

Yuhua He; Rongzhen Zhong; Long Cheng; Peihua You; Yiyong Li; Xuezhao Sun. Effects of the Supplementation of Lysophospholipids through Pelleted Total Mixed Rations on Blood Biochemical Parameters and Milk Production and Composition of Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 215 .

AMA Style

Yuhua He, Rongzhen Zhong, Long Cheng, Peihua You, Yiyong Li, Xuezhao Sun. Effects of the Supplementation of Lysophospholipids through Pelleted Total Mixed Rations on Blood Biochemical Parameters and Milk Production and Composition of Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuhua He; Rongzhen Zhong; Long Cheng; Peihua You; Yiyong Li; Xuezhao Sun. 2020. "Effects of the Supplementation of Lysophospholipids through Pelleted Total Mixed Rations on Blood Biochemical Parameters and Milk Production and Composition of Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 2: 215.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2020 in Animals
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Rumen microbes play an important role in the health and production of ruminants, and they are influenced by dietary changes. In our study, we investigated the change of rumen bacteria under the four treatments of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratios in sheep using three generations of full-length amplifiers sequencing. As rumen is a complex organ, and the effects of dietary NFC/NDF ratio change on ruminal bacteria might change over time, thus the study was conducted for four periods of 72 d in total. The results showed that the composition of rumen bacteria changed with different dietary NFC/NDF ratio during the experimental periods. Rumen bacterial diversity was decreased in dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.90 with the prolong of experimental periods. The main dominant phyla in Karakul sheep rumen didn’t change, while their relative abundance changed with dietary NFC/NDF ratio and experimental periods. The relative abundance of unidentified-Lachnospiraceae and main cellulose-degrading bacteria was higher in dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.37 than other groups (NFC/NDF ratio of 0.54, 0.96 and 1.90). The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary NFC/NDF ratio change on rumen bacteria in sheep. Twelve Karakul sheep were assigned randomly into four groups fed with four dietary NFC/NDF ratios of 0.54, 0.96, 1.37, and 1.90 and they were assigned into groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The experiment was divided into four periods: I (1–18 d), II (19–36 d), III (37–54 d), and IV (55–72 d). In each period, the first 15 d were used for adaption, and then rumen fluid was collected for 3 d from each sheep before morning feeding. The fluid was analyzed with three generations of full-length amplifiers sequencing. Results showed that the bacterial diversity of group 4 was decreased in period III and IV. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes (37–60%) and Firmicutes (26–51%) were the most dominant bacteria over the four periods. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Spirochaete changed with dietary NFC/NDF ratio change over the four periods, but there was no difference among groups over the four periods (p > 0.05). At the genus level, unidentified-Lachnospiraceae was the dominant genus, and its relative abundance in group 3 was high during the period I and III (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Mycoplasma in group 4 was high in the period I and II (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Succiniclasticum was high in group 2 of period II (p < 0.05). At the species level, the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio-fibrisolvens was found to be high in group 3 during periods I and III (p < 0.05). The main semi-cellulose-degrading bacteria and starch-degrading bacteria were low, and there was no significant difference among groups over four periods (p > 0.05). Taken together, the dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.90 decreased the diversity of bacteria as a period changed from I to IV. While the main phylum bacteria didn’t change, their relative abundance changed with the dietary NFC/NDF ratio change over the four periods. The most prevalent genus was unidentified-Lachnospiraceae, and its relative abundance was higher in dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.37 than other groups. Similarly, the main cellulose-degrading species was higher in the treatment of dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.37 than other groups.

ACS Style

Xuanxuan Pu; Xuefeng Guo; Khuram Shahzad; Mengzhi Wang; Chenyu Jiang; Junfeng Liu; Xiuping Zhang; SuJiang Zhang; Long Cheng; Zhang. Effects of Dietary Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate (NFC) to Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) Ratio Change on Rumen Bacteria in Sheep Based on Three Generations of Full-Length Amplifiers Sequencing. Animals 2020, 10, 192 .

AMA Style

Xuanxuan Pu, Xuefeng Guo, Khuram Shahzad, Mengzhi Wang, Chenyu Jiang, Junfeng Liu, Xiuping Zhang, SuJiang Zhang, Long Cheng, Zhang. Effects of Dietary Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate (NFC) to Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) Ratio Change on Rumen Bacteria in Sheep Based on Three Generations of Full-Length Amplifiers Sequencing. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuanxuan Pu; Xuefeng Guo; Khuram Shahzad; Mengzhi Wang; Chenyu Jiang; Junfeng Liu; Xiuping Zhang; SuJiang Zhang; Long Cheng; Zhang. 2020. "Effects of Dietary Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate (NFC) to Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) Ratio Change on Rumen Bacteria in Sheep Based on Three Generations of Full-Length Amplifiers Sequencing." Animals 10, no. 2: 192.

Abstract
Published: 19 January 2020 in Proceedings
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In Australia, heat waves are becoming hotter and longer, and more frequent, compromising dairy cattle welfare and productivity. Selection for heat tolerance (HT) may help to ensure sustainability of production under hot summer conditions. In a study at the University of Melbourne’s Dookie Robotic Dairy Farm, we identified the 20 most heat-sensitive and 20 most heat-tolerant cows in a herd of 150 Holstein Friesian lactating cows based on phenotypic responses (increase in body temperature, panting score, and decline in milk production) of dairy cows grazing pasture and given concentrate at milking during hot summer conditions for 3 months. Hair samples were collected from the tip of the tail according to a standard protocol for genotyping (Zoetis). Results based on 36 successfully genotyped cows indicated a significant variation in feed saved (FS) genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) across age indicating a potential for its selection. The thermotolerant group had relatively higher GEBV for FS and fat% but lower milk production potential. Highly significant (P ≤ 0.05) negative correlations (−0.39 to −0.69) were observed between heat tolerance and current dairy industry economic indices (Balanced Performance Index (BPI), Type Weighted Index (TWI), Australian Selection Index (ASI) and milk production), while positive correlations exist between HT and feed saved (0.44) and fertility (0.27). These findings indicate a positive association between HT and feed saved, fertility, and fat percent breeding values. However, a more extensive study including large number of lactating cows is required to confirm these genomic associations and incorporating in future breeding objectives.

ACS Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah; Frank Dunshea; Brian Leury; Long Cheng; Brendan Cullen; Aleena Joy; Archana Payyanakkal; Michael H Zhang; Surinder S Chauhan. Association of Thermotolerance with Milk Production, Feed Saver, Fertility and Fat Percentage Breeding Values in Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle. Proceedings 2020, 36, 63 .

AMA Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah, Frank Dunshea, Brian Leury, Long Cheng, Brendan Cullen, Aleena Joy, Archana Payyanakkal, Michael H Zhang, Surinder S Chauhan. Association of Thermotolerance with Milk Production, Feed Saver, Fertility and Fat Percentage Breeding Values in Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle. Proceedings. 2020; 36 (1):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah; Frank Dunshea; Brian Leury; Long Cheng; Brendan Cullen; Aleena Joy; Archana Payyanakkal; Michael H Zhang; Surinder S Chauhan. 2020. "Association of Thermotolerance with Milk Production, Feed Saver, Fertility and Fat Percentage Breeding Values in Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle." Proceedings 36, no. 1: 63.

Preprint content
Published: 13 January 2020
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In this study, the complete genome sequence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) type 15 (BPV Aks-02), a novel putative BPV type from a skin sample of a cow in southern Xinjiang, China was determined by collecting cutaneous neoplastic lesion, followed by DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing. The complete genome consisted of 7189 base pairs (G+C content of 42.50%) that encoded five early (E8, E7, E1, E2, E4) and two late (L1 and L2) genes. The E7 protein contained a consensus CX2CX29CX2C zinc-binding domain and an LxCxE motif. The nucleotide sequence of the L1 open reading frame (ORF) was related mostly (99%) to the L1 ORF of putative type BAPV-3 reference strain from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarities based on the L1 ORF suggest that BPV type (BPV Aks-02) clustered with members of genus Xipapillomavirus as BPV15, and closely related to Xipapillomavirus 1.

ACS Style

Jianjun Hu; Wanqi Zhang; Surinder Singh Chauhan; Changqing Shi; Yumeng Song; Zhitao Qiu; Yubing Zhao; Zhehong Wang; Long Cheng; Yingyu Zhang; Wanqi Zhang Jianjun Hu. Complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 15 in Southern Xinjiang dairy cow. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Jianjun Hu, Wanqi Zhang, Surinder Singh Chauhan, Changqing Shi, Yumeng Song, Zhitao Qiu, Yubing Zhao, Zhehong Wang, Long Cheng, Yingyu Zhang, Wanqi Zhang Jianjun Hu. Complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 15 in Southern Xinjiang dairy cow. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianjun Hu; Wanqi Zhang; Surinder Singh Chauhan; Changqing Shi; Yumeng Song; Zhitao Qiu; Yubing Zhao; Zhehong Wang; Long Cheng; Yingyu Zhang; Wanqi Zhang Jianjun Hu. 2020. "Complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 15 in Southern Xinjiang dairy cow." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Animal
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There is a wide range of feed additives deliberately designed to be used in sheep diets that can improve production performance. Whereas herbal supplementation is gaining popularity not only for improving sheep productivity and mutton quality but also for safe application without any harmful residual effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) and/or garlic leaf (Allium sativum) dietary supplementation on growth performance, immunity, rumen histology, serum antioxidants and meat quality of sheep. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with 32 one-year-old sheep (initial mean live weight 9 ± 0.2 kg) allocated to four groups (8 sheep per group). Rice straw and concentrates-based total mixed ration pellets (2390 kcal/kg DM, CP = 15.1%) were offered as a control diet (CL diet). Herbal treatment diets included (i) CL diet + 10 g DM of plantain herb (PL diet), (ii) CL diet + 10 g DM of garlic leaf (GL diet) and (iii) CL diet + 5 g DM of PL and 5 g DM of GL (PG diet). Compared with the CL diet group, the live weight gain and feed conversion ratio were 18% to 26% and 13% to 20% higher in herbal-supplemented groups, respectively. Moreover, the herbal-supplemented groups, especially the PL diet group had higher serum immunoglobulin concentration, antioxidant capacity and rumen papillae size compared to the control. Besides, the lowest caul fat and pelvic fat levels were observed in the PL diet group followed by PG, GL and CL diet groups. In addition, lower mutton ether extract and saturated fatty acid along with higher polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were found in all herbal-supplemented groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PL and/or GL might be used as an alternative in sheep to promote growth, health status and lean mutton production.

ACS Style

M. R. A. Redoy; A. A. S. Shuvo; L. Cheng; M. Al-Mamun. Effect of herbal supplementation on growth, immunity, rumen histology, serum antioxidants and meat quality of sheep. Animal 2020, 14, 2433 -2441.

AMA Style

M. R. A. Redoy, A. A. S. Shuvo, L. Cheng, M. Al-Mamun. Effect of herbal supplementation on growth, immunity, rumen histology, serum antioxidants and meat quality of sheep. Animal. 2020; 14 (11):2433-2441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. R. A. Redoy; A. A. S. Shuvo; L. Cheng; M. Al-Mamun. 2020. "Effect of herbal supplementation on growth, immunity, rumen histology, serum antioxidants and meat quality of sheep." Animal 14, no. 11: 2433-2441.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Veterinary Science
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Bovine papilloma is a neoplastic disease caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), which were recently divided into 5 genera and at least 24 genotypes. The complete genome sequence of BPV type 15 (BPV Aks-02), a novel putative BPV type from skin samples from infected cows in Southern Xinjiang China, was determined by collecting warty lesions, followed by DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing. DNA was analyzed initially by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the degenerate primers FAP59 and FAP64. The complete genome sequences of the BPV Aks-02 were amplified by PCR using the amplification primers and sequencing primers. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed using bio-informatic software. The nucleotide sequence of the L1 open reading frame (ORF) of BPV Aks-02 was 75% identity to the L1 ORF of BPV-9 reference strain from GenBank. The complete genome consisted of 7,189 base pairs (G + C content of 42.50%) that encoded 5 early (E8, E7, E1, E2, and E4) and 2 late (L1 and L2) genes. The E7 protein contained a consensus CX₂CX29CX₂C zinc-binding domain and a LxCxE motif. Among the different members of this group, the percentages of the complete genome and ORFs (including 5 early and 2 late ORFs) sequence identity of BPV Aks-02 were closer to the genus Xipapillomavirus 1 of the Xipapillomavirus genus. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarities based on the L1 ORF of BPV Aks-02 revealed the same cluster. The results suggest that BPV type (BPV Aks-02) clustered with members of the Xipapillomavirus genus as BPV 15 and were closely related to Xipapillomavirus 1.

ACS Style

Jianjun Hu; Wanqi Zhang; Surinder Singh Chauhan; Changqing Shi; Yumeng Song; Yubing Zhao; Zhehong Wang; Long Cheng; Yingyu Zhang. Complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 15 in Southern Xinjiang dairy cow. Journal of Veterinary Science 2020, 21, e73 .

AMA Style

Jianjun Hu, Wanqi Zhang, Surinder Singh Chauhan, Changqing Shi, Yumeng Song, Yubing Zhao, Zhehong Wang, Long Cheng, Yingyu Zhang. Complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 15 in Southern Xinjiang dairy cow. Journal of Veterinary Science. 2020; 21 (6):e73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianjun Hu; Wanqi Zhang; Surinder Singh Chauhan; Changqing Shi; Yumeng Song; Yubing Zhao; Zhehong Wang; Long Cheng; Yingyu Zhang. 2020. "Complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 15 in Southern Xinjiang dairy cow." Journal of Veterinary Science 21, no. 6: e73.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Applied Animal Research
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This research paper addresses the hypothesis that mineral supplementation (sodium chloride and magnesium oxide at 1:1 weight ratio) for dairy heifers grazing mature wheat in the spring-summer period will improve live weight gain compared with the non-supplemented group. In addition, the potential of mineral supplementation to reduce environmental pollution through diluting urinary nitrogen content was evaluated in this study. The grazing study was conducted at the Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, Australia between September and November 2017. The study comprised two temporal trial replications with two dietary treatments; graze wheat with (supplemented, SUP) or without mineral supplementation (control, CTR). The first and second trial replications used 22 and 24 heifers, respectively to conduct a 22-day and 21-day weight gain measurement. Heifers in the CTR group had 11% lower daily water intake than those in the SUP group. No differences were observed in heifers’ weight gain and urinary nitrogen content and excretion. The study indicates that protein deficiency may override the mineral deficiency when heifer grazed mature wheat, and this may have led to no mineral supplementation effect on heifer performance. The level of protein in grazing wheat needs to be considered in feeding minerals to heifers.

ACS Style

Long Cheng; Paul-Alexandre Guevellou; Rongzhen Zhong; Brendan Richard Cullen; Jeremy Desfreres; Ravneet Kaur Jhajj; Saranika Talukder. Effects of mineral supplementation on cattle performance when grazed mature wheat. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2020, 48, 587 -592.

AMA Style

Long Cheng, Paul-Alexandre Guevellou, Rongzhen Zhong, Brendan Richard Cullen, Jeremy Desfreres, Ravneet Kaur Jhajj, Saranika Talukder. Effects of mineral supplementation on cattle performance when grazed mature wheat. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2020; 48 (1):587-592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Long Cheng; Paul-Alexandre Guevellou; Rongzhen Zhong; Brendan Richard Cullen; Jeremy Desfreres; Ravneet Kaur Jhajj; Saranika Talukder. 2020. "Effects of mineral supplementation on cattle performance when grazed mature wheat." Journal of Applied Animal Research 48, no. 1: 587-592.

Review
Published: 11 November 2019 in Animals
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Variations in climatic variables (temperature, humidity and solar radiation) negatively impact livestock growth, reproduction, and production. Heat stress, for instance, is a source of huge financial loss to livestock production globally. There have been significant advances in physical modifications of animal environment and nutritional interventions as tools of heat stress mitigation. Unfortunately, these are short-term solutions and may be unsustainable, costly, and not applicable to all production systems. Accordingly, there is a need for innovative, practical, and sustainable approaches to overcome the challenges posed by global warming and climate change-induced heat stress. This review highlights attempts to genetically select and breed ruminants for thermotolerance and thereby sustain production in the face of changing climates. One effective way is to incorporate sustainable heat abatement strategies in ruminant production. Improved knowledge of the physiology of ruminant acclimation to harsh environments, the opportunities and tools available for selecting and breeding thermotolerant ruminants, and the matching of animals to appropriate environments should help to minimise the effect of heat stress on sustainable animal genetic resource growth, production, and reproduction to ensure protein food security.

ACS Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah; Surinder S. Chauhan; Brian J. Leury; Long Cheng; Brendan Cullen; Iain J. Clarke; Frank R. Dunshea. Genetic Selection for Thermotolerance in Ruminants. Animals 2019, 9, 948 .

AMA Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah, Surinder S. Chauhan, Brian J. Leury, Long Cheng, Brendan Cullen, Iain J. Clarke, Frank R. Dunshea. Genetic Selection for Thermotolerance in Ruminants. Animals. 2019; 9 (11):948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Osei-Amponsah; Surinder S. Chauhan; Brian J. Leury; Long Cheng; Brendan Cullen; Iain J. Clarke; Frank R. Dunshea. 2019. "Genetic Selection for Thermotolerance in Ruminants." Animals 9, no. 11: 948.