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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary brown seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) additive (SWA) on meat quality and nutrient composition of commercial fattening pigs. The treatments were: Regular diet with 0% inclusion of SWA (CON); Regular diet with 2% SWA (2%-SWA); Regular diet with 4% SWA (4%-SWA). After slaughtering, five carcasses from each group were selected, and longissimus lumborum (LL) samples were taken for meat quality and chemical composition analysis. Meat quality traits (except redness intensity) were not affected (p > 0.05) by treatments. Samples from the 4%-SWA treatment showed the lowest a value than those from the 2%-SWA and CON treatments (p = 0.05). Meat samples from the 4%-SWA group contained 3.37 and 3.81 mg/100 g more of muscle cholesterol than CON and 2% SWA groups, respectively (p< 0.05). The SWA treatments affected (p ≤ 0.05) the content of ash, Mn, Fe, and Cu. The LL samples from 4%-SWA had the highest content of ash; however, they showed 0.13, 0.45, and 0.23 less mg/100 g of Mn, Fe, and Zn, respectively, compared to samples from CON (p ≤ 0.05). Fatty acids composition and macro minerals content (Na, Mg, and K) did not show variation due to the SWA treatments. Further studies are needed to understand the biological effects of these components on adipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and mineral deposition in muscle.
Nancy Jerez-Timaure; Melissa Sánchez-Hidalgo; Rubén Pulido; Jonathan Mendoza. Effect of Dietary Brown Seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) Additive on Meat Quality and Nutrient Composition of Fattening Pigs. Foods 2021, 10, 1720 .
AMA StyleNancy Jerez-Timaure, Melissa Sánchez-Hidalgo, Rubén Pulido, Jonathan Mendoza. Effect of Dietary Brown Seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) Additive on Meat Quality and Nutrient Composition of Fattening Pigs. Foods. 2021; 10 (8):1720.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNancy Jerez-Timaure; Melissa Sánchez-Hidalgo; Rubén Pulido; Jonathan Mendoza. 2021. "Effect of Dietary Brown Seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) Additive on Meat Quality and Nutrient Composition of Fattening Pigs." Foods 10, no. 8: 1720.
Juan P. Keim; José R. Rodriguez; Oscar A. Balocchi; Rubén G. Pulido; Pilar Sepúlveda-Varas; David Pacheco; Robert Berthiaume; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Effect of dietary inclusion of winter brassica crops on milk production, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and plasma fatty acid profile in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJuan P. Keim, José R. Rodriguez, Oscar A. Balocchi, Rubén G. Pulido, Pilar Sepúlveda-Varas, David Pacheco, Robert Berthiaume, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Effect of dietary inclusion of winter brassica crops on milk production, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and plasma fatty acid profile in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan P. Keim; José R. Rodriguez; Oscar A. Balocchi; Rubén G. Pulido; Pilar Sepúlveda-Varas; David Pacheco; Robert Berthiaume; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Effect of dietary inclusion of winter brassica crops on milk production, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and plasma fatty acid profile in dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science , no. : 1.
The aim was to determine the effect of the herbage allowance (HA) and supplement type (ST) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, grazing behavior, rumen function, and blood metabolites of grazing dairy cows in the spring season. Experiment I: 64 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were distributed in a factorial design that tested two levels of daily HA (20 and 30 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow) and two ST (high moisture maize (HMM) and cracked wheat (CW)) distributed in two daily rations (3.5 kg DM/cow/day). Experiment II: four mid-lactation rumen cannulated cows, supplemented with either HMM or CW and managed with the two HAs, were distributed in a Latin square design of 4 × 4, for four 14-d periods to assess ruminal fermentation parameters. HA had no effect on milk production (averaging 23.6 kg/day) or milk fat and protein production (823 g/day and 800 g/day, respectively). Cows supplemented with CW had greater protein concentration (+1.2 g/kg). Herbage DMI averaged 14.17 kg DM/cow.day and total DMI averaged 17.67 kg DM/cow.day and did not differ between treatments. Grazing behavior activities (grazing, rumination, and idling times) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by HA or ST. Milk and plasma urea concentration increased under the high HA (+0.68 mmol/L and +0.90 mmol/L, respectively). Cows supplemented with HMM had lower milk and plasma urea concentrations (0.72 mmol/L and 0.76 mmol/L less, respectively) and tended (p = 0.054) to have higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Ruminal parameters did not differ between treatments.
Verónica Merino; Lorena Leichtle; Oscar Balocchi; Francisco Lanuza; Julián Parga; Rémy Delagarde; Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán; M. Rivero; Rubén Pulido. Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring. Animals 2021, 11, 919 .
AMA StyleVerónica Merino, Lorena Leichtle, Oscar Balocchi, Francisco Lanuza, Julián Parga, Rémy Delagarde, Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán, M. Rivero, Rubén Pulido. Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerónica Merino; Lorena Leichtle; Oscar Balocchi; Francisco Lanuza; Julián Parga; Rémy Delagarde; Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán; M. Rivero; Rubén Pulido. 2021. "Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring." Animals 11, no. 4: 919.
J.P. Keim; J. Daza; I. Beltrán; O.A. Balocchi; R.G. Pulido; P. Sepúlveda-Varas; D. Pacheco; R. Berthiaume. Milk production responses, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed increasing concentrations of forage rape (Brassica napus ssp. Biennis). Journal of Dairy Science 2020, 103, 9054 -9066.
AMA StyleJ.P. Keim, J. Daza, I. Beltrán, O.A. Balocchi, R.G. Pulido, P. Sepúlveda-Varas, D. Pacheco, R. Berthiaume. Milk production responses, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed increasing concentrations of forage rape (Brassica napus ssp. Biennis). Journal of Dairy Science. 2020; 103 (10):9054-9066.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ.P. Keim; J. Daza; I. Beltrán; O.A. Balocchi; R.G. Pulido; P. Sepúlveda-Varas; D. Pacheco; R. Berthiaume. 2020. "Milk production responses, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed increasing concentrations of forage rape (Brassica napus ssp. Biennis)." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 10: 9054-9066.
Sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) pulp is a valuable by-product from the manufacture of beet sugar fresh which is normally preserved in the form of silage. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of adding a homofermentative lactic acid bacteria silage additive during the ensiling period on fermentation and quality of sugar-beet (SB) pulp silage and the animal performance of dairy cows given restricted daily access to pasture. Twelve Holstein × Friesian crossbred cows were assigned to two groups according to milk yield, body weight, days in milk, parity and body condition score. Groups were randomly allocated to two treatments: silage of SB pulp without additive (control diet, SB) and silage of SB pulp with additive (SB+additive). The experiment was carried out in two periods of 28 d each. Once finished each period, cows were crossed for treatments. Chemical composition of SB silage was modified by the additive: Neutral detergent fiber (41.8% vs. 45.7% DM) and metabolizable energy (2.54 vs. 2.55 Mcal kg-1 DM) were greater and butyrate lower (0.34 vs. 4.10 mmol L-1) for SB+additive compared with SB. However, milk production (24.6 and 25.2 kg d-1) and composition were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments. Similarly, rumen volatile fatty acids were similar between treatments. In conclusion, the use of homofermentative lactic acid additive on SB silage modified the chemical composition of silage and reduced the pasture intake, however, no changes in milk production and composition were detected.
Rubén Pulido; Eduardo García; Ignacio Beltrán; Jose Daza; Juan Keim; Ismael Castillo. Effect of a homofermentative lactic acid bacteria additive on the quality of sugar-beet pulp silage and animal response of dairy cows with restricted access to pasture. Chilean journal of agricultural research 2020, 80, 234 -240.
AMA StyleRubén Pulido, Eduardo García, Ignacio Beltrán, Jose Daza, Juan Keim, Ismael Castillo. Effect of a homofermentative lactic acid bacteria additive on the quality of sugar-beet pulp silage and animal response of dairy cows with restricted access to pasture. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2020; 80 (2):234-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubén Pulido; Eduardo García; Ignacio Beltrán; Jose Daza; Juan Keim; Ismael Castillo. 2020. "Effect of a homofermentative lactic acid bacteria additive on the quality of sugar-beet pulp silage and animal response of dairy cows with restricted access to pasture." Chilean journal of agricultural research 80, no. 2: 234-240.
During the first hours after the allocation of a grazing strip (first grazing session, GS), dairy cows eat most of the daily dry matter (DM) available. There are few studies that analyze how the grazing-down process changes the characteristics of the pasture during the first GS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two pre-grazing herbage masses (HM; medium herbage mass (MHM) and high herbage mass (HHM) on the DM disappearance, grazing behavior of dairy cows, and the residual nutritive value of a pasture during the first GS. Two groups of twelve dairy cows were used to evaluate the grazing-down process, during a period of 62 days. The pre-grazing HM modified the bite rate, bite mass, and dry matter intake during the first GS. The pre-grazing HM affected the process of herbage disappearance of the pasture, especially during the first 60 min of the GS. The nutrient selection differential for acid detergent fiber was greater for HHM compared with MHM (0.93 vs. 0.86). In conclusion, pre-grazing HM affects the structural characteristics and the residual nutritive value of the pasture. The grazing process in the first GS was modified by the HM, affecting the defoliation and the DM disappearance rate of the pasture.
Luis Piña; Oscar A. Balocchi; Juan Pablo Keim; Rubén G. Pulido; Felipe Rosas. Pre-Grazing Herbage Mass Affects Grazing Behavior, Herbage Disappearance, and the Residual Nutritive Value of a Pasture during the First Grazing Session. Animals 2020, 10, 212 .
AMA StyleLuis Piña, Oscar A. Balocchi, Juan Pablo Keim, Rubén G. Pulido, Felipe Rosas. Pre-Grazing Herbage Mass Affects Grazing Behavior, Herbage Disappearance, and the Residual Nutritive Value of a Pasture during the First Grazing Session. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Piña; Oscar A. Balocchi; Juan Pablo Keim; Rubén G. Pulido; Felipe Rosas. 2020. "Pre-Grazing Herbage Mass Affects Grazing Behavior, Herbage Disappearance, and the Residual Nutritive Value of a Pasture during the First Grazing Session." Animals 10, no. 2: 212.
Forage brassicas, such as summer turnip (ST; Brassica rapa) and forage rape (FR; Brassica napus), are used as supplementary crops during summer. However, studies with lactating dairy cows fed these forages are limited and report inconsistent productive responses. The aim of this study was to determine dry matter intake, rumen fermentation and milk production responses of dairy cows in mid-lactation supplemented with and without summer (‘ST’ or ‘FR’) brassicas. Twelve multiparous lactating dairy cows were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design balanced for residual effects over three 21-day periods. The control diet consisted of 16.2 kg DM of grass silage, 2.25 kg DM of commercial concentrate and 2.25 kg DM solvent-extracted soybean meal. For the other two dietary treatments, 25% of the amounts of silage and concentrates were replaced with FR or ST. The inclusion of forage brassicas had no effects on milk production (24.2 kg cow/day average) and composition (average milk fat and protein 43.2 and 33.6 g/l, respectively). Dry matter intake was 0.98 kg and 1.12 kg lower for cows supplemented with FR and ST, respectively, resulting in a greater feed conversion efficiency (1.35 kg milk/kg DM for ST and FR v. 1.27 kg milk/kg DM for the control diet). Intraruminal pH was lower for cows supplemented with ST compared to the control diet; however, it did not decrease below pH 5.8 at any time of the day. After feeding, the concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in rumen contents increased with ST supplementation compared to the control diet. Inclusion of FR in the diet increased the molar proportion of acetate (68.5 mmol/100 mmol) in total SCFA at the expense of propionate, measured 6 h after feeding of the forage. The molar proportion of butyric acid was greater with ST and FR supplementation (13.1 and 12 mmol/100 mmol, respectively) than in control cows. The estimated microbial nitrogen (N) flow was 89.1 g/day greater when supplementing FR compared to the control diet. Based on the haematological measures, the inclusion of summer brassica forages did not affect the health status of the animals. These results indicate that mid-lactation dairy cows fed brassicas are able to maintain production despite the reduced intake, probably due to improved rumen fermentation and therefore nutrient utilization.
M. Castillo-Umaña; O. Balocchi; R. Pulido; P. Sepúlveda-Varas; D. Pacheco; S. Muetzel; R. Berthiaume; J. P. Keim. Milk production responses and rumen fermentation of dairy cows supplemented with summer brassicas. Animal 2020, 14, 1684 -1692.
AMA StyleM. Castillo-Umaña, O. Balocchi, R. Pulido, P. Sepúlveda-Varas, D. Pacheco, S. Muetzel, R. Berthiaume, J. P. Keim. Milk production responses and rumen fermentation of dairy cows supplemented with summer brassicas. Animal. 2020; 14 (8):1684-1692.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Castillo-Umaña; O. Balocchi; R. Pulido; P. Sepúlveda-Varas; D. Pacheco; S. Muetzel; R. Berthiaume; J. P. Keim. 2020. "Milk production responses and rumen fermentation of dairy cows supplemented with summer brassicas." Animal 14, no. 8: 1684-1692.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of daily herbage allowance (DHA, defined as the product of pre-grazing herbage mass and offered area per animal) on pasture conditions and milk production of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Forty-four early lactation dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design that tested two levels of DHA (17 and 25 kg DM/cow.day) and two levels of maize silage supplementation (MSS, 4.5 and 9 kg DM/cow.day) over a 77-day period. Low DHA decreased the post-grazing herbage mass from 1546 to 1430 kg DM/ha and the compressed sward height from 5 to 4.4 cm, while the grazing efficiency remained unaffected. Low DHA induced a faster herbage mass reduction, while the sward-height and pasture characteristics did not differ from the high DHA regime. Low DHA decreased the tiller production rates and daily lamina growth, while the leaf-production rate was not affected by the DHA. Daily increases of herbage mass were greater in the high DHA than in the low DHA treatments. Individual milk production and milk protein concentration decreased at a low DHA compared to high DHA, while the milk fat concentration was greater and the milk output per hectare increased by 1510 kg. Neither the MSS level nor the interaction DHA by the MSS level had any effect on the sward characteristics or the productivity of the cows. From these results, it is suggested that, in a high-quality pasture, using 17 kg DM/cow.day was appropriate for improving both herbage utilization and milk production per hectare while maintaining the short-term conditions of a pasture grazed by dairy cows in the autumn.
Verónica M. Merino; Oscar A. Balocchi; M. Jordana Rivero; Rubén G. Pulido. Short-Term Effect of Daily Herbage Allowance Restriction on Pasture Condition and the Performance of Grazing Dairy Cows during Autumn. Animals 2019, 10, 62 .
AMA StyleVerónica M. Merino, Oscar A. Balocchi, M. Jordana Rivero, Rubén G. Pulido. Short-Term Effect of Daily Herbage Allowance Restriction on Pasture Condition and the Performance of Grazing Dairy Cows during Autumn. Animals. 2019; 10 (1):62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerónica M. Merino; Oscar A. Balocchi; M. Jordana Rivero; Rubén G. Pulido. 2019. "Short-Term Effect of Daily Herbage Allowance Restriction on Pasture Condition and the Performance of Grazing Dairy Cows during Autumn." Animals 10, no. 1: 62.
The objective of this work was to evaluate whether changes in time of herbage allocation and herbage mass (HM) (low (L) or medium (M)) modify the diurnal pattern of urinary nitrogen (N) concentration and ruminal ammonia (NH3) of lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with rumen cannula were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: 1) low herbage mass in the morning (L-AM) (Access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with a herbage mass (HM) of 2000 kg DM/ha); 2) low herbage mass in the afternoon (L-PM) (Access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with a HM of 2000 kg DM/ha); 3) medium herbage mass in the morning (M-AM) (Access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with a HM of 3000 kg DM/ha); and 4) medium herbage mass in the afternoon (M-PM) (Access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with a HM of 3000 kg DM/ha). A four by four Latin Square design with four treatments, four cows, and four experimental periods was used to evaluate treatment effects. Rumen NH3 concentration was greater for L-AM compared to L-PM and M-PM at 13:00 and 16:00 h. Urine urea and N concentrations were lower for M-AM compared to L-AM. Urine N concentration was greater for L-AM than other treatments at 10:00 hours and greater for M-PM compared to M-AM at 16:00 hours. Results suggest that maintaining the cows in the holding pen at the milking parlor for two hours after morning grass silage supplementation for L-AM and for two hours after afternoon grass silage supplementation for M-PM, could allow collection of urine from cows at the holding pen and storage of urine in the slurry pit during the time of peak N concentration, returning cows to the pasture at a time of day when urinary N concentration is decreased.
Ignacio E. Beltran; Pablo Gregorini; José Daza; Oscar A. Balocchi; Alvaro Morales; Ruben G. Pulido. Diurnal Concentration of Urinary Nitrogen and Rumen Ammonia Are Modified by Timing and Mass of Herbage Allocation. Animals 2019, 9, 961 .
AMA StyleIgnacio E. Beltran, Pablo Gregorini, José Daza, Oscar A. Balocchi, Alvaro Morales, Ruben G. Pulido. Diurnal Concentration of Urinary Nitrogen and Rumen Ammonia Are Modified by Timing and Mass of Herbage Allocation. Animals. 2019; 9 (11):961.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgnacio E. Beltran; Pablo Gregorini; José Daza; Oscar A. Balocchi; Alvaro Morales; Ruben G. Pulido. 2019. "Diurnal Concentration of Urinary Nitrogen and Rumen Ammonia Are Modified by Timing and Mass of Herbage Allocation." Animals 9, no. 11: 961.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional value, the rumen in vitro fermentation, and the in situ degradation of Brassica oleracea (L.) ssp. acephala (kales) and Brassica napus (L.) ssp. napobrassica (swedes) for winter use. Five varieties of each brassica were used in three field replicates and were randomized in a complete block nested design. All forage varieties were harvested at 210 days post-sowing to analyze the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability. Kales presented higher DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (p < 0.01), whereas swedes showed higher CP, metabolizable energy (ME), glucose, fructose, total sugars, NFC, and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content (p < 0.01). The kale and swede varieties differed in their CP and sugar concentrations, whereas the kale varieties differed in their DM and raffinose content. The rates of gas production were higher for swedes than for kales (p < 0.01). No differences between the brassica species (p > 0.05) were observed in the total VFA production, whereas kales had a higher proportion of acetate and swedes had higher proportions of butyrate (p < 0.05). Only the swede varieties showed differences in VFA production (p < 0.05). The soluble fraction “a”, potential and effective in situ DM degradability were higher in swedes (p < 0.01), but kales presented greater DM and CP degradation rates. Differences were observed between brassica species in the chemical composition, degradation kinetics, and ruminal fermentation products, whereas differences among varieties within species were less frequent but need to be considered.
Jose Daza; Daniel Benavides; Rubén Pulido; Oscar Balocchi; Annick Bertrand; Juan Keim; Daza; Keim. Rumen In Vitro Fermentation and In Situ Degradation Kinetics of Winter Forage Brassicas Crops. Animals 2019, 9, 904 .
AMA StyleJose Daza, Daniel Benavides, Rubén Pulido, Oscar Balocchi, Annick Bertrand, Juan Keim, Daza, Keim. Rumen In Vitro Fermentation and In Situ Degradation Kinetics of Winter Forage Brassicas Crops. Animals. 2019; 9 (11):904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose Daza; Daniel Benavides; Rubén Pulido; Oscar Balocchi; Annick Bertrand; Juan Keim; Daza; Keim. 2019. "Rumen In Vitro Fermentation and In Situ Degradation Kinetics of Winter Forage Brassicas Crops." Animals 9, no. 11: 904.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the order of grass silage (GS) and maize silage (MS) supplementation on milk yield, grazing behavior and nitrogen (N) partitioning of lactating dairy cows during autumn. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and cows remained on these treatments for a 62 days period: (1) MIX; cows supplemented with 3 kg of dry matter (DM) of silage containing 1.5 kg DM of MS and 1.5 kg DM of GS in both the morning and afternoon; (2) GS-MS; cows supplemented with 3 kg DM of GS in the morning and 3 kg DM of MS in the afternoon; (3) MS-GS; cows supplemented with 3 kg DM of MS in the morning and 3 kg DM of GS in the afternoon. All cows received a pasture allowance of 17 kg DM/cow/d and 3 kg DM of concentrate. Grazing time and pasture intake were unaffected by treatment; however, milk production was greater for MS-GS, while milk protein was greater for GS-MS. Urinary N excretion was greater for MS-GS than MIX. In conclusion, MS-GS resulted in high milk yield but also high urinary N excretion, while MIX resulted in low urinary N excretion but also decreased milk yield.
Ignacio E. Beltrán; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Ana R. Burgos; Pablo Gregorini; Oscar A. Balocchi; Fernando Wittwer; Rubén G. Pulido. The Order of Grass and Maize Silage Supplementation Modifies Milk Yield, Grazing Behavior and Nitrogen Partitioning of Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals 2019, 9, 373 .
AMA StyleIgnacio E. Beltrán, Omar Al-Marashdeh, Ana R. Burgos, Pablo Gregorini, Oscar A. Balocchi, Fernando Wittwer, Rubén G. Pulido. The Order of Grass and Maize Silage Supplementation Modifies Milk Yield, Grazing Behavior and Nitrogen Partitioning of Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals. 2019; 9 (6):373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgnacio E. Beltrán; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Ana R. Burgos; Pablo Gregorini; Oscar A. Balocchi; Fernando Wittwer; Rubén G. Pulido. 2019. "The Order of Grass and Maize Silage Supplementation Modifies Milk Yield, Grazing Behavior and Nitrogen Partitioning of Lactating Dairy Cows." Animals 9, no. 6: 373.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the interaction effects between herbage mass and time of herbage allocation on milk production, grazing behaviour and nitrogen partitioning in lactating dairy cows. Forty-four Holstein Friesian cows were grouped according to milk production (24.7 ± 2.8 kg), bodyweight (580.6 ± 51.7 kg), days in milk (74 ± 17.1) and body condition score (3.1 ± 0.3), and then assigned randomly to one of four treatments: (1) L-AM: access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with herbage mass of 2000 kg DM/ha, (2) L-PM: access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with herbage mass of 2000 kg DM/ha, (3) M-AM: access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with herbage mass of 3000 kg DM/ha, and (4) M-PM: access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with herbage mass of 3000 kg DM/ha. All cows received a daily low herbage allowance of 21 kg DM measured above ground level, 3.0 kg DM of grass silage and 3.5 kg DM of concentrate. Herbage intake was similar between treatments, averaging 8.3 kg DM/day (P > 0.05). Total grazing time was lower for M-PM compared with other treatments (P < 0.01). Milk production was greater for M-AM and M-PM compared with L-PM (P < 0.05). Urea in milk and plasma were greater for L-AM than L-PM and M-PM (P < 0.01). Similarly, rumen ammonia was greater for L-AM compared with M-PM and M-AM (P < 0.05). Nitrogen intake was 13.6% greater for L-AM than L-PM, and 17.5% greater for L-AM than M-PM (P < 0.05). Nitrogen use efficiency was 22.1% greater for M-PM than L-AM, and 11.8% greater for M-PM than L-PM (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the best management combination was observed when a medium herbage mass was delivered in the afternoon, maintaining a low nitrogen intake, low urinary nitrogen excretion and high milk production.
Ignacio E. Beltrán; Pablo Gregorini; Alvaro Morales; Oscar A. Balocchi; Rubén G. Pulido. Interaction between herbage mass and time of herbage allocation modifies milk production, grazing behaviour and nitrogen partitioning of dairy cows. Animal Production Science 2019, 59, 1837 .
AMA StyleIgnacio E. Beltrán, Pablo Gregorini, Alvaro Morales, Oscar A. Balocchi, Rubén G. Pulido. Interaction between herbage mass and time of herbage allocation modifies milk production, grazing behaviour and nitrogen partitioning of dairy cows. Animal Production Science. 2019; 59 (10):1837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgnacio E. Beltrán; Pablo Gregorini; Alvaro Morales; Oscar A. Balocchi; Rubén G. Pulido. 2019. "Interaction between herbage mass and time of herbage allocation modifies milk production, grazing behaviour and nitrogen partitioning of dairy cows." Animal Production Science 59, no. 10: 1837.
In temperate milk production systems, it is important to study the effect of grazing strategies in both the quantity and quality of the diet, resulting in potential impacts on animal metabolism. The aim was to evaluate the effect of timing of herbage allocation and herbage mass on blood indicators. Forty Holstein-Friesian cows were grouped according to milk production (24.7 ± 2.8 kg cow-1), body weight (580.6 ± 51.7 kg) and days in milk (74 ± 17.1 d). The groups were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: 1) L-AM, access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with herbage mass of 2000 kg DM ha-1; 2) L-PM; access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with herbage mass of 2000 kg DM ha-1; 3) H-AM; access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with herbage mass of 3000 kg DM ha-1; 4) H-PM; access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with herbage mass of 3000 kg DM ha-1. Milk production was only different for H-PM in 1.1 kg higher than L-PM. Urea in milk was affected by treatments, being 22% higher for L-AM than other treatments. ß-Hydroxybutyrate and blood urea concentrations were 47% and 30% higher, respectively, for AM compared to PM treatments. Plasma albumin concentration was lower for H-PM compared to other treatments at week 3 of blood sampling. PM treatments modify the herbage composition and animal metabolism, while combining it with a high herbage mass impacts positively in production and milk composition.
Álvaro Morales; Marisol Godoy; Ignacio Beltrán; Ananda Muller; Oscar Balocchi; Rubén Pulido. Changes in herbage mass and time of herbage allocation modify nutritional and metabolic status of dairy cows. Chilean journal of agricultural research 2018, 78, 409 -418.
AMA StyleÁlvaro Morales, Marisol Godoy, Ignacio Beltrán, Ananda Muller, Oscar Balocchi, Rubén Pulido. Changes in herbage mass and time of herbage allocation modify nutritional and metabolic status of dairy cows. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2018; 78 (3):409-418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Morales; Marisol Godoy; Ignacio Beltrán; Ananda Muller; Oscar Balocchi; Rubén Pulido. 2018. "Changes in herbage mass and time of herbage allocation modify nutritional and metabolic status of dairy cows." Chilean journal of agricultural research 78, no. 3: 409-418.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a sensory additive, incorporated into a starch-based concentrate, on milk production and composition and grazing behavior in pasture- fed dairy cows. Forty-five Holstein cows were used in 15 incomplete 3 × 2 Latin squares conducted concurrently with 3 treatments and 2 periods of 28 d. At the beginning of the study, cows averaged 60 ± 17.1 d in milk, 2.2 ± 1.51 parity, 27.5 ± 4.52 kg/d of milk, and 504 kg ± 61.9 of BW (mean ± SD). Cows were assigned to the 15 squares by parity, milk yield, d in milk, and BW and within squares randomly assigned to 3 concentrate treatments that were 1 kg/d of a mineral concentrate (MC), 7 kg/d of a starch-based concentrate (CC), and 7 kg/d of CC supplemented with 30 g/d of a sensory additive (PEC; ProEfficient, Lucta SA, Barcelona, Spain). Cows grazed a perennial ryegrass pasture (Lolium perenne L.) offered at a daily allowance of 30 kg of DM per cow. Supplementation with the starch-based concentrate increased (P < 0.05) milk yield 4.4 kg/d compared with MC (24.3 vs. 28.7 kg/d), whereas cows supplemented with PEC produced more (P < 0.05) milk and energy-corrected milk than CC cows (0.6 and 1.6 kg/d, respectively). As a result, milk response to concentrate supplementation (kg milk/kg concentrate) was improved by PEC. Additionally, PEC increased (P < 0.05) milk protein percentage (3.74 vs. 3.43%) and yield (1.08 vs. 0.98 kg/d) compared with CC. Concentrate supplementation increased (P < 0.05) total DMI, but reduced (P < 0.05) total daily grazing time (GT) and biting rate (BR) in the evening. Compared with CC, PEC did not affect (P > 0.05) total and pasture DMI but increased (P < 0.05) GT during the first 2 h after the a.m. milking as well as BR and ruminating time during the diurnal hours. The plasma concentration of active ghrelin was similarly reduced (P < 0.05) by CC and PEC after 2 h of grazing. In summary, supplementation of a starch-based concentrate with a sensory additive improved milk and protein responses of dairy cows grazing a ryegrass pasture.
P. Nannig; R.G. Pulido; M. Ruiz-Albarrán; F. Bargo; G. Tedo; R.A. Palladino; R. Cussen; J. Acuna; A.J. Sheahan; J.R. Roche; I.R. Ipharraguerre. A sensory additive alters grazing behavior and increases milk response to concentrate supplementation in dairy cows. Livestock Science 2018, 214, 106 -111.
AMA StyleP. Nannig, R.G. Pulido, M. Ruiz-Albarrán, F. Bargo, G. Tedo, R.A. Palladino, R. Cussen, J. Acuna, A.J. Sheahan, J.R. Roche, I.R. Ipharraguerre. A sensory additive alters grazing behavior and increases milk response to concentrate supplementation in dairy cows. Livestock Science. 2018; 214 ():106-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Nannig; R.G. Pulido; M. Ruiz-Albarrán; F. Bargo; G. Tedo; R.A. Palladino; R. Cussen; J. Acuna; A.J. Sheahan; J.R. Roche; I.R. Ipharraguerre. 2018. "A sensory additive alters grazing behavior and increases milk response to concentrate supplementation in dairy cows." Livestock Science 214, no. : 106-111.
In Chile, high moisture corn (Zea mays L. [HMC]) has been included mainly in diets for grazing dairy cows on pastures with high crude protein, and is an alternative that improves nutrients supply and rumen synchrony between energy and protein provided by the diet. In addition, supplementation with HMC results in an increase of fatty acids (FA) in milk, desirable for human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbage allowance (HA) and type of supplement on milk FA composition in grazing dairy cows during spring. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (533 ± 71 kg BW; 53 ± 4 d in milk [DIM[ and milk yield 23.8 ± 4.2 kg d-1) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments resulting from the combination of two HA levels (low 20 vs. moderate 30 kg DM cow1 d-1) and two types of supplements HMC and cracked wheat [Triticum aestivum L., CW]) offered at 3.5 kg DM cow-1 d-1. Total FA intake was greater for moderate HA (547.8 g d-1) than low HA (527.2 g d-1) (P < 0.05); but did not affect milk yield, milk constituents and milk FA composition (P > 0.05). Supplementation with HMC increased milk production by 2.3 kg d-1 compared with CW. Cows supplemented with HMC showed a greater intake of total FA (564 g d-1) and had greater concentrations of long-chain monounsaturated FA in milk (27.13 g 100 g-1) compared to cows supplemented with CW (511.0 g d-1 total FA intake and 25.39 g 100 g-1 in milk, respectively) (P < 0.05). It is concluded that grazing dairy cows supplemented with HMC during spring produced milk with higher concentrations of desirable FA, independently of the HA level.
María De Los Ángeles Rojas-Garduño; Oscar Balocchi; Fernando Vicente; Rubén Pulido. Effect of supplementation with cracked wheat or high moisture corn on milk fatty acid composition of grazing dairy cows. Chilean journal of agricultural research 2018, 78, 96 -105.
AMA StyleMaría De Los Ángeles Rojas-Garduño, Oscar Balocchi, Fernando Vicente, Rubén Pulido. Effect of supplementation with cracked wheat or high moisture corn on milk fatty acid composition of grazing dairy cows. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2018; 78 (1):96-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría De Los Ángeles Rojas-Garduño; Oscar Balocchi; Fernando Vicente; Rubén Pulido. 2018. "Effect of supplementation with cracked wheat or high moisture corn on milk fatty acid composition of grazing dairy cows." Chilean journal of agricultural research 78, no. 1: 96-105.
This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of management tools - daily pasture allowance and corn silage supplementation - during periods of forage shortage on the metabolism of dairy cows grazing low-mass pasture in temperate regions. Forty lactating Holstein cows were used during an experimental period of seventy days (April 15 to June 23, 2012). Blood metabolites and milk production were determined in fall-calving dairy cows grazing under two daily pasture allowances (PA) (moderate, 17 kg vs. high, 25 kg dry matter (DM)) and supplemented with corn silage (CS) (low, 4.5 kg vs. high, 9.0 kg DM). All cows received 3 kg DM of concentrate. Plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and urea were determined using an automated spectrophotometer, and milk production was electronically measured at each milking time during the trial. The experimental design was completely randomized using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The increase in daily PA decreased plasma concentrations of BHBA (0.91±0.36 vs. 1.12±0.43 mmol L−1), provided an increase in milk yield (23.18±3.26 vs. 21.99±3.37 kg d−1), and did not modify the concentrations of NEFA and urea. The increased CS supplementation increased mildly the plasma concentrations of BHBA (1.07±0.36 vs. 0.96±0.44 mmol L−1) and NEFA (92.77±54.14 vs. 92.77±55.31 µmol L−1), and decreased the concentrations of urea (4.08±1.40 vs. 4.64±1.30 mmol L−1), but did not change milk production. The positive effect of increasing PA was associated with a high herbage intake, while the lack of response to increasing CS supplementation was attributed to a high substitution of pasture intake (0.9 kg DM pasture/kg DM CS). Low corn silage supplementation is recommended.
Álvaro Morales; Daniela Grob; Fernando Wittwer; Ananda Müller; Oscar Balocchi; Rubén Pulido. Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 2016, 45, 686 -692.
AMA StyleÁlvaro Morales, Daniela Grob, Fernando Wittwer, Ananda Müller, Oscar Balocchi, Rubén Pulido. Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 2016; 45 (11):686-692.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Morales; Daniela Grob; Fernando Wittwer; Ananda Müller; Oscar Balocchi; Rubén Pulido. 2016. "Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 45, no. 11: 686-692.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbage allowance (HA) and type of silage supplemented (TS) on milk yield, dry matter intake (DMI) and metabolism of dairy cows in early lactation. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were allocated to four treatments derived from an arrangement of two HA (LHA = 17 or HHA = 25 kg of DM/cow/day) and two TS (grass (GS) or maize (MS)). Herbage allowance had no effect on DMI or milk yield. Rumen pH and NH3-N concentration were not affected by HA. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen (microbial protein (MP)) was affected by HA with 21.5 and 23.9 g microbial nitrogen per kg ruminal digestible organic matter for LHA and HHA, respectively (P < 0.05). Supplementation with MS showed higher values of milk yield by 2.4 kg/cow/day (P < 0.001), milk protein content by 0.10 % (P < 0.023) and herbage DMI by 2.2 kg/cow/day, and showed lower values for milk urea compared to GS (P < 0.001). The former results suggest that TS had a greater effect on milk yield, total feed intake and energy intake than increase in herbage allowance; however, increase in HA had greater effects on MP than TS.
Miguel Ruiz‐Albarrán; Oscar Balocchi; Mirela Noro; Fernando Wittwer; Rubén G. Pulido. Effect of the type of silage on milk yield, intake and rumen metabolism of dairy cows grazing swards with low herbage mass. Animal Science Journal 2015, 87, 878 -884.
AMA StyleMiguel Ruiz‐Albarrán, Oscar Balocchi, Mirela Noro, Fernando Wittwer, Rubén G. Pulido. Effect of the type of silage on milk yield, intake and rumen metabolism of dairy cows grazing swards with low herbage mass. Animal Science Journal. 2015; 87 (7):878-884.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ruiz‐Albarrán; Oscar Balocchi; Mirela Noro; Fernando Wittwer; Rubén G. Pulido. 2015. "Effect of the type of silage on milk yield, intake and rumen metabolism of dairy cows grazing swards with low herbage mass." Animal Science Journal 87, no. 7: 878-884.
Rubén G. Pulido; Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán; Oscar Balocchi; Pamela Nannig; Fernando Wittwer. Effect of timing of pasture allocation on production, behavior, rumen function, and metabolism of early lactating dairy cows during autumn. Livestock Science 2015, 177, 43 -51.
AMA StyleRubén G. Pulido, Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán, Oscar Balocchi, Pamela Nannig, Fernando Wittwer. Effect of timing of pasture allocation on production, behavior, rumen function, and metabolism of early lactating dairy cows during autumn. Livestock Science. 2015; 177 ():43-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubén G. Pulido; Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán; Oscar Balocchi; Pamela Nannig; Fernando Wittwer. 2015. "Effect of timing of pasture allocation on production, behavior, rumen function, and metabolism of early lactating dairy cows during autumn." Livestock Science 177, no. : 43-51.
Alvaro Morales; Daniela Grob; Oscar Balocchi; Rubén Pulido. Productive and metabolic response to two levels of corn silage supplementation in grazing dairy cows in early lactation during autumn. Chilean journal of agricultural research 2014, 74, 205 -212.
AMA StyleAlvaro Morales, Daniela Grob, Oscar Balocchi, Rubén Pulido. Productive and metabolic response to two levels of corn silage supplementation in grazing dairy cows in early lactation during autumn. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2014; 74 (2):205-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlvaro Morales; Daniela Grob; Oscar Balocchi; Rubén Pulido. 2014. "Productive and metabolic response to two levels of corn silage supplementation in grazing dairy cows in early lactation during autumn." Chilean journal of agricultural research 74, no. 2: 205-212.
J Schöbitz; Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán; Oa Balocchi; F Wittwer; M Noro; Rg Pulido. Effect of increasing pasture allowance and concentrate supplementation on animal performance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows. Archivos de medicina veterinaria 2013, 45, 247 -258.
AMA StyleJ Schöbitz, Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán, Oa Balocchi, F Wittwer, M Noro, Rg Pulido. Effect of increasing pasture allowance and concentrate supplementation on animal performance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows. Archivos de medicina veterinaria. 2013; 45 (3):247-258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ Schöbitz; Miguel Ruiz-Albarrán; Oa Balocchi; F Wittwer; M Noro; Rg Pulido. 2013. "Effect of increasing pasture allowance and concentrate supplementation on animal performance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows." Archivos de medicina veterinaria 45, no. 3: 247-258.