The use of equid milk in human nutrition is a very interesting research topic in relation to the specific characteristics of this drink. Mare’s milk has a composition similar to human milk and is well digested, so it is a perfect alternative to cow’s milk in the feeding of children who are allergic to cow’s milk. Equid milk’s low content of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin makes it appropriate for such children. Its high concentration of lactose allows for a better growth of intestinal microflora. Mare’s milk is characterised by a high content of lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactadherin and has an inhibiting effect on the development of pathogenic bacteria. Research done so far indicates that it may be helpful in treating atopic dermatitis as well as in improving skin appearance. The high content of vitamin C in mare’s milk influences its antioxidant value. Due to its lower content of fat and cholesterol it can be used to lower cholesterol intake as well as to control cardiovascular diseases. Mare’s milk has been proved to play a role in curing Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, as well as hepatitis and chronic gastric ulcers. The qualities of mare’s milk make it appropriate for use in children’s and elderly people’s nutrition in prophylaxis and as an aid to the process of curing various diseases.

The chemical analysis of dried pomace of chokeberry, apple, black currant, strawberries and carrot was performed to determine the composition and content of nutrients and bioactive substances, among others the content of vitamins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and essential fatty acids. The antioxidant properties were determined in the extracts of pomace by determining the total antioxidant potential (TRAP) and antioxidant activity against DPPH radical. Tested pomaces contained 12-15% protein, approximately 18-20% crude fibre, approximately 2.7-4.0% ether extract and 1.8-3.0% ash. The highest level of anthocyanins was found in chokeberry pomace, followed by black currant pomace and several times less in strawberries and apples. The content of phenolic acids ranged from 12.91 mg/100 g in black currants to 630.30 mg/100 g in dried chokeberries. In terms of vitamins the richest source of vitamin E was chokeberry pomace (152.3 mg/100 g), while most of the carotenoids were found in dried carrot (15.35 mg/100 g). The chain of antioxidant activity was as follows: black currant>chokeberry>apple>strawberry>carrot, while in terms of antioxidative capacity it was chokeberry>apple>black currant>strawberry>carrot.

The oils from strawberry, blackcurrant, raspberry, and apple seeds were characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (90.8%, 88.6%, 94.0%, and 86.9%, resp.). Strawberry and raspberry oils had high levels of C18:2 (45.4% and 49.0%) and α C18:3 (29.0% and 33.0%, resp.). Blackcurrant oil was the richest source of γ C18:3 (18.5%) and C18:4 (3.6%). Apple oil had high levels of C18:2 (55.5%) and C18:1 (29.4%). Blackcurrant oil had 229.5 mg/100 g of tocochromanols, predominantly γ ‐tocopherol (117.8 mg/100 g) and α ‐tocopherol (84.3 mg/100 g). Raspberry oil was rich in γ ‐, α ‐, and δ ‐tocopherol (193.5; 65.6; and 32.2 mg/100 g, resp.). Strawberry oil contained γ ‐ and δ ‐tocopherol, 49.0 and 6.1 mg/100 g, respectively. Apple contained all isomers of α ‐, β ‐, γ ‐, and δ ‐tocopherols at 41.7, 62.7, 13.6, and 21.8 mg/100 g, respectively. The level of tocotrienols in the analysed oils ranged from 0.85 to 6.73 mg/100 g. Ten different phytosterols were found in the tested oils. The richest sources of phytosterols were blackcurrant oil (6824.9 μ g/g) followed by raspberry (5384.1 μ g/g), strawberry (4643.1 μ g/g), and apple oil (3460.0 μ g/g). The dominant compound in the analysed oils was sitosterol, from 2630 μ g/g in apple oil to 3630 μ g/g in blackcurrant oil.

The presence of biologically active substances in feed mixture is discussed to have beneficial effect on animals' health and products. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with dried apple, chokeberry, black currant, strawberry and carrot pomaces on production parameters and meat quality in fattening pigs. The use of dried pomaces of chokeberry showed tendencies for increased feed intake and reduced fattening period. The dried pomaces had no impact on saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids profile in meat, however in some groups an elevated level of polyunsaturated fatty acids from n-3 family and a decline in total cholesterol level was observed (P≤0.05). The highest oxidative stability and vitamin E content was found after supplementation with black currant (P≤0.05). Summarizing, the used dried pomaces improved several parameters related to meat quality, what might positively influence consumers' health.

Nanoparticles are increasingly popular in numerous fields including electronics, optics and medicine (vaccines, tissue engineering, microsurgery, genomics and cancer therapies). The most widely used nanoparticles in biomedical applications are those designed by man. Scientists have obtained many types of silica nanoparticles with defined shape and chemical composition, but different properties and applications. Nanoparticles include particles with at least one dimension ranging from 1–100 nm. Silica nanoparticles (Sn), reaching values from several dozen to several hundred m²/g, have unique physicochemical properties due to their porous structure and well-developed specific surface. Currently, the use of Sn in animal nutrition, with a focus on gastrointestinal tract function, is of great interest.