The incidence and mortality rates in kidney cancer (KC) are increasing. However, the trends for mortality have varied among regions over the past decade, which may be due to the disparities in medical settings, such as the availability of frequent imaging examinations and effective systemic therapies. The availability of these two medical options has been proven to be positively correlated with a favorable prognosis in KC and may be more common in countries with better health care systems and greater expenditures. The delicate association between the trends in clinical outcomes in KC and health care disparities warrant detailed observation. We applied a delta-mortality-to-incidence ratio (δMIR) for KC to compare two years as an index for the improvement in clinical outcomes and the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of a single year to evaluate their association with the Human Development Index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) by using linear regression analyses. A total of 56 countries were included based on data quality reports and missing data. We discovered that the HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP were negatively correlated with the MIRs for KC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). No significant association was observed between the δMIRs and the HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP among the included countries, and only the CHE/GDP shows a trend toward significance. Interestingly, the δMIRs related with an increase in relative health care investment include δCHE per capita and δCHE/GDP.

The advancements in cancer therapy have improved the clinical outcomes of cancer patients in recent decades. However, advanced cancer therapy is expensive and requires good health care systems. For kidney cancer, no studies have yet established an association between clinical outcome and health care disparities. We used the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) for kidney cancer as a marker of clinical outcome to compare World Health Organization (WHO) country rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) using linear regression analyses. We included 57 countries based on data from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. We found that more highly developed regions have higher crude and age-standardized rates of kidney cancer incidence and mortality, but a lower MIR, when compared to less developed regions. North America has the highest crude rates of incidence, but the lowest MIRs, whereas Africa has the highest MIRs. Furthermore, favorable MIRs are correlated with countries with good WHO rankings and high e/GDP expenditures (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). Kidney cancer MIRs are positively associated with the ranking of health care systems and health care expenditures.

The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is associated with the clinical outcome of cancer treatment. For several cancers, countries with relatively good health care systems have favorable MIRs. However, the association between lung cancer MIR and health care expenditures or rankings has not been evaluated. We used linear regression to analyze the correlation between lung cancer MIRs and the total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) rankings. We included 57 countries, for which data of adequate quality were available, and we found high rates of incidence and mortality but low MIRs in more developed regions. Among the continents, North America had the highest rates of incidence and mortality, whereas the highest MIRs were in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Globally, favorable MIRs correlated with high e/GDP and good WHO ranking (regression coefficient, −0.014 and 0.001; p = 0.004, and p = 0.014, respectively). In conclusion, the MIR for lung cancer in different countries varies with the expenditure on health care and health system rankings.

Favorable testicular cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) are associated with health care disparities, including health care expenditures, but the trends of testicular MIR and health care disparity remain unclear. We evaluated changes in MIR as the difference between 2012 and 2018, termed delta MIR (δMIR). Health care expenditures and the human development index (HDI) were obtained from the World Health Organization and the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. The association between the variables was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A total of 54 countries were included in the criteria of data quality reports and missing data. By continent, the most favorable MIR was in Oceania (0.03) while it was 0.36 in Africa. In these areas, the incidence rates were positively correlated to health care expenditure, but the mortality rates showed a reversed correlation. The MIR ranged from 0.01 to 0.34 and the δMIR ranged from −0.05 to 0.34. The favorable MIRs are correlated to high health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, favorable δMIRs tend to be seen in countries with relatively low health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, favorable testicular cancer MIRs are associated with high HDI and health care expenditure, but the improvement in MIR between 2012 and 2018 (δMIR) is negatively correlated with HDI and health care expenditure.

The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is associated with the clinical outcomes of different types of cancer as well as the ranking of health care systems. However, the association between MIRs for testicular cancer and health care disparities, including differences in expenditures and health system rankings, has not yet been reported. We used the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (CC) to analyze the correlation between testicular cancer MIRs and both total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) health system rankings. After screening the data for quality and missing information, 57 countries were chosen for analysis. Generally, developed countries and regions had relatively high rates of incidence/mortality, but with a favorable MIR. Among the continents, Europe had the highest incidence rates, whereas the highest MIRs were in Africa. Globally, favorable testicular cancer MIRs were observed in countries with both a high e/GDP and a good WHO ranking (R² = 0.325, p < 0.001 and CC = −0.568, p < 0.001; R² = 0.367, p < 0.001 and CC = 0.655, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the MIR for testicular cancer varies in countries and regions based on both their total health expenditure and their health care system ranking.

The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a marker that reflects the clinical outcome of cancer treatment. MIR as a prognostic marker is more accessible when compared with long-term follow-up survival surveys. Theoretically, countries with good health care systems would have favorable outcomes for cancer; however, no report has yet demonstrated an association between gallbladder cancer MIR and the World’s Health System ranking. We used linear regression to analyze the correlation of MIRs with the World Health Organization (WHO) rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) in 57 countries selected according to the data quality. The results showed high crude rates of incidence/mortality but low MIR in more developed regions. Among continents, Europe had the highest crude rates of incidence/mortality, whereas the highest age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence/mortality were in Asia. The MIR was lowest in North America and highest in Africa (0.40 and 1.00, respectively). Furthermore, favorable MIRs were correlated with good WHO rankings and high e/GDP (p = 0.01 and p = 0.030, respectively). The MIR variation for gallbladder cancer is therefore associated with the ranking of the health system and the expenditure on health.