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Omar Al-Marashdeh
Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand

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Journal article
Published: 22 August 2021 in Animals
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Inefficient nitrogen (N) use from pastoral dairy production systems has resulted in environmental degradation, as a result of excessive concentrations of urinary N excretion leaching into waterways and N2O emissions from urination events into the atmosphere. The objectives of this study were to measure and evaluate the total N balance of lactating dairy cows selected for milk urea N concentration breeding values (MUNBVs) consuming either a 100% perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or 100% plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) diet. Sixteen multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cows divergent for MUNBV were housed in metabolism crates for 72 h, where intake and excretions were collected and measured. No effect of MUNBV was detected for total N excretion; however, different excretion characteristics were detected, per urination event. Low MUNBV cows had a 28% reduction in the concentration of urinary urea nitrogen (g/event) compared to high MUNBV cows when consuming a ryegrass diet. Cows consuming plantain regardless of their MUNBV value had a 62% and 48% reduction in urinary urea nitrogen (g/event) compared to high and low MUNBV cows consuming ryegrass, respectively. Cows consuming plantain also partitioned more N into faeces. These results suggest that breeding for low MUNBV cows on ryegrass diets and the use of a plantain diet will reduce urinary urea nitrogen loading rates and therefore estimated nitrate leaching values, thus reducing the environmental impact of pastoral dairy production systems.

ACS Style

Cameron J. Marshall; Matthew R. Beck; Konagh Garrett; Graham K. Barrell; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Pablo Gregorini. Nitrogen Balance of Dairy Cows Divergent for Milk Urea Nitrogen Breeding Values Consuming Either Plantain or Perennial Ryegrass. Animals 2021, 11, 2464 .

AMA Style

Cameron J. Marshall, Matthew R. Beck, Konagh Garrett, Graham K. Barrell, Omar Al-Marashdeh, Pablo Gregorini. Nitrogen Balance of Dairy Cows Divergent for Milk Urea Nitrogen Breeding Values Consuming Either Plantain or Perennial Ryegrass. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cameron J. Marshall; Matthew R. Beck; Konagh Garrett; Graham K. Barrell; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Pablo Gregorini. 2021. "Nitrogen Balance of Dairy Cows Divergent for Milk Urea Nitrogen Breeding Values Consuming Either Plantain or Perennial Ryegrass." Animals 11, no. 8: 2464.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Dairy
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This study aimed to identify suitable predictors of nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE; milk N/N intake) for cows that differed in breeds and were fed with ryegrass pasture, using existing data from the scientific literature. Data from 16 studies were used to develop models based on the relationships between NUE and dietary and animal-based factors. Data from a further 10 studies were used for model validation. Milk urea N (MUN) and dietary water-soluble carbohydrate-to-crudeprotein ratio (WSC/CP) were the best and most practical animal- and diet-based proxies to predict NUE. The results indicate that it might be necessary to adopt separate models for different breeds when using WSC/CP to predict NUE but not when using MUN.

ACS Style

Wumaierjiang Aizimu; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Simon Hodge; Richard J. Dewhurst; Ao Chen; Guangyong Zhao; Saranika Talukder; Grant R. Edwards; Long Cheng. Estimation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Ryegrass-Fed Dairy Cows: Model Development Using Diet- and Animal-Based Proxy Measures. Dairy 2021, 2, 435 -451.

AMA Style

Wumaierjiang Aizimu, Omar Al-Marashdeh, Simon Hodge, Richard J. Dewhurst, Ao Chen, Guangyong Zhao, Saranika Talukder, Grant R. Edwards, Long Cheng. Estimation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Ryegrass-Fed Dairy Cows: Model Development Using Diet- and Animal-Based Proxy Measures. Dairy. 2021; 2 (3):435-451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wumaierjiang Aizimu; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Simon Hodge; Richard J. Dewhurst; Ao Chen; Guangyong Zhao; Saranika Talukder; Grant R. Edwards; Long Cheng. 2021. "Estimation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Ryegrass-Fed Dairy Cows: Model Development Using Diet- and Animal-Based Proxy Measures." Dairy 2, no. 3: 435-451.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Animals
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A two-year farm system study was conducted at Canterbury, New Zealand to evaluate the effects on farm productivity, profitability, and nitrogen (N) losses of integrating plantain (Plantago lanceolate L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into a ryegrass and white clover (RGWC)-based dairy system. Three farm systems were compared: (1) a lower input RGWC-based system (LIRG) with stocking rate of 3.5 cow/ha, annual N fertiliser rate of 150 kg/ha, and imported feed level of 1.2 t DM/cow/year. Cows in the LIRG + PL system grazed a diverse mix of Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, white clover, and plantain (60% of farmlet area), and a mixed sward of plantain–white clover (40% of farmlet area). The average annual herbage harvested was similar between LIRG + PL and LIRG (11.7 t DM/ha), but greater in HIRG (12.7 t DM/ha) with the increased N fertiliser rate. During the calving to dry-off period, the average imported supplement feed per ha was higher in HIRG (8.0 t DM) compared with LIRG (3.2 t DM) and LIRG + PL (3.7 t DM). Average milk solid production (MS; fat + protein) was similar in LIRG + PL (1640 kg/ha) and LIRG (1622 kg/ha), but greater in HIRG (2130 kg/ha). Estimated profitability (NZD/ha) at milk price of NZD 6.5/kg MS was 10% greater for HIRG than LIRG + PL and LIRG, and similar (<1.5% numerical difference) between LIRG + PL and LIRG. The average estimated annual N leaching loss from the LIRG and LIRG + PL was 31% and 56% less than the loss from the HIRG. These large reductions in N leaching loss were achieved without a large decrease in profitability (i.e., LIRG and LIRG + PL compared to HIRG). In addition, the estimated reduction in N losses from the LIRG + PL system compared to LIRG suggests that an Italian ryegrass + plantain-based dairy system is a viable strategy to reduce the environmental footprint while maintaining farm profitability. However, the environmental benefits of plantain and Italian ryegrass estimated in this study require further confirmation through direct measurements at full farm level.

ACS Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh; Keith Cameron; Simon Hodge; Pablo Gregorini; Grant Edwards. Integrating Plantain (Plantago lanceolate L.) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into New Zealand Grazing Dairy System: The Effect on Farm Productivity, Profitability, and Nitrogen Losses. Animals 2021, 11, 376 .

AMA Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh, Keith Cameron, Simon Hodge, Pablo Gregorini, Grant Edwards. Integrating Plantain (Plantago lanceolate L.) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into New Zealand Grazing Dairy System: The Effect on Farm Productivity, Profitability, and Nitrogen Losses. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh; Keith Cameron; Simon Hodge; Pablo Gregorini; Grant Edwards. 2021. "Integrating Plantain (Plantago lanceolate L.) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into New Zealand Grazing Dairy System: The Effect on Farm Productivity, Profitability, and Nitrogen Losses." Animals 11, no. 2: 376.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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There is an increasing pressure on temperate pastoral dairy production systems to reduce environmental impacts, coming from the inefficient use of N by cows in the form of excessive urinary N excretion and subsequent N leaching to the waterways and NO2 emissions to the atmosphere, these impacts have spurred research into various mitigation strategies, which have so far overlooked animal-based solutions. The objectives of this study were first, to investigate the relationship between MUN breeding values (MUNBV) and urinary urea N (UUN) concentrations and total excretion in grazing dairy cows; and secondly, to evaluate such a potential relationship in the context of different sward compositions and stage of lactation. Forty-eight multiparous, lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows genetically divergent for MUNBV were strip-grazed on either a ryegrass-white clover (24 cows) or ryegrass, white clover and plantain sward (24 cows), during both early and late lactation. Cows were fitted with Lincoln University PEETER sensors to evaluate urination behaviour by measuring frequency and volume of urination, as well as daily urine excretion. Urine and faeces were sampled for urea N content. Milk yield and composition were measured for individual cows in both periods. There was a positive relationship between MUNBV and MUN (R2 = 0.67, P ≤ 0.05), with MUN decreasing 1.61 ± 0.19 mg/dL per unit decrease in MUNBV across both sward types and stages of lactation. Urinary urea N concentration decreased 0.67 ± 0.27 g/L (R2 = 0.46, P ≤ 0.05) per unit decrease of MUNBV, with no effect on urine volume or frequency (number of urination events per day), which resulted in a 165.3 g/d difference in UUN excretion between the animal with the highest and the lowest MUNBV. At the same milk yield, percentage of protein in milk increased by 0.09 ± 0.03 (R2 = 0.61, P ≤ 0.05,) per unit decrease in MUNBV. Our results suggest that breeding and selecting for dairy cows with low MUNBV can reduce urinary urea N deposition onto pasture and consequently the negative environmental impact of pastoral dairy production systems in temperate grasslands. Moreover, reducing MUNBV of dairy cows can potentially increase farm profitability due to greater partitioning of N to milk in the form of protein.

ACS Style

C.J. Marshall; M.R. Beck; K. Garrett; G.K. Barrell; Omar Al-Marashdeh; P. Gregorini. Grazing dairy cows with low milk urea nitrogen breeding values excrete less urinary urea nitrogen. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 739, 139994 .

AMA Style

C.J. Marshall, M.R. Beck, K. Garrett, G.K. Barrell, Omar Al-Marashdeh, P. Gregorini. Grazing dairy cows with low milk urea nitrogen breeding values excrete less urinary urea nitrogen. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 739 ():139994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C.J. Marshall; M.R. Beck; K. Garrett; G.K. Barrell; Omar Al-Marashdeh; P. Gregorini. 2020. "Grazing dairy cows with low milk urea nitrogen breeding values excrete less urinary urea nitrogen." Science of The Total Environment 739, no. : 139994.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources
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Infrequent supplementation (IS; i.e., feeding supplement to animals at frequency less than daily) as opposed to frequent (i.e., daily) could be used as a management tool to improve economic returns of extensive beef production systems by reducing costs associated with the delivery of supplement to cattle. However, previous reports on the effectiveness of IS on production responses in beef cattle are ambiguous and the factors affecting responses to IS by beef cattle are poorly known. The objective of this study was to summarise available data related to the success of IS in beef cattle fed a low quality diet. Additionally, we aimed to identify other potential factors, such as supplement type and composition, forage quality, supplemental degradable intake protein, breed of cattle and environment, which may influence the animal's response to IS. The results of our study suggest that no single factor could fully explain the discrepancies among studies and, therefore, each of these factors should not be treated in isolation. Cattle maintained with IS appear to be more efficient using the urea recycling mechanism to maintain level of ruminal ammonia during the non-supplemental feeding days. Systematic approaches compiling all potential factors affecting responses of beef cattle to IS are required to determine the likelihood of success with IS for a given farming system.

ACS Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh. Infrequent dietary supplementation feeding in beef cattle: animal responses and factors affecting its success. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 2020, 15, 1 .

AMA Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh. Infrequent dietary supplementation feeding in beef cattle: animal responses and factors affecting its success. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources. 2020; 15 (034):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh. 2020. "Infrequent dietary supplementation feeding in beef cattle: animal responses and factors affecting its success." CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 15, no. 034: 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2019 in Animals
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the order of grass silage (GS) and maize silage (MS) supplementation on milk yield, grazing behavior and nitrogen (N) partitioning of lactating dairy cows during autumn. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and cows remained on these treatments for a 62 days period: (1) MIX; cows supplemented with 3 kg of dry matter (DM) of silage containing 1.5 kg DM of MS and 1.5 kg DM of GS in both the morning and afternoon; (2) GS-MS; cows supplemented with 3 kg DM of GS in the morning and 3 kg DM of MS in the afternoon; (3) MS-GS; cows supplemented with 3 kg DM of MS in the morning and 3 kg DM of GS in the afternoon. All cows received a pasture allowance of 17 kg DM/cow/d and 3 kg DM of concentrate. Grazing time and pasture intake were unaffected by treatment; however, milk production was greater for MS-GS, while milk protein was greater for GS-MS. Urinary N excretion was greater for MS-GS than MIX. In conclusion, MS-GS resulted in high milk yield but also high urinary N excretion, while MIX resulted in low urinary N excretion but also decreased milk yield.

ACS Style

Ignacio E. Beltrán; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Ana R. Burgos; Pablo Gregorini; Oscar A. Balocchi; Fernando Wittwer; Rubén G. Pulido. The Order of Grass and Maize Silage Supplementation Modifies Milk Yield, Grazing Behavior and Nitrogen Partitioning of Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals 2019, 9, 373 .

AMA Style

Ignacio E. Beltrán, Omar Al-Marashdeh, Ana R. Burgos, Pablo Gregorini, Oscar A. Balocchi, Fernando Wittwer, Rubén G. Pulido. The Order of Grass and Maize Silage Supplementation Modifies Milk Yield, Grazing Behavior and Nitrogen Partitioning of Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals. 2019; 9 (6):373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ignacio E. Beltrán; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Ana R. Burgos; Pablo Gregorini; Oscar A. Balocchi; Fernando Wittwer; Rubén G. Pulido. 2019. "The Order of Grass and Maize Silage Supplementation Modifies Milk Yield, Grazing Behavior and Nitrogen Partitioning of Lactating Dairy Cows." Animals 9, no. 6: 373.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2019 in Animals
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This study was designed to investigate the effects of licorice extract supplemented to a cottonseed hull-based diet on rumen function, blood indices and growth of Karakul sheep. Twelve rumen-fistulated 1.5-year-old sheep were blocked in pairs by live weight. Sheep within pairs were randomly allocated to feed either on a cottonseed hull basal diet (control group) or on a basal diet containing 4.5% of licorice extract on dry matter (DM) basis (supplemented group). Sheep were housed individually and fed for 60 days, with a 15-day adaptation period and a 45-day measurement period. Feed intake and live weight gain were quantified. Rumen and blood samples were taken during the measurement period. The DM intake was lower for the supplemented group than for the control group. The mean ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate were lower, while the levels of propionate and butyrate were higher for the supplemented group than for the control group. Average daily live weight gain, digestible energy intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and feed conversion efficiency did not differ between the two treatments. The serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A and G were 2.1 and 1.8 times greater, and total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase increased by 1.8 and 1.2 times in the supplemented group compared with the control group. These results indicated that licorice extract supplementation in the diet at 4.5% of DM had a limited impact on rumen function but improved blood immunoglobulin and anti-oxidative status of Karakul sheep, without impairment of feed conversion efficiency or live weight gain.

ACS Style

Xuefeng Guo; Long Cheng; Junfeng Liu; SuJiang Zhang; Xuezhao Sun; Omar Al-Marashdeh. Effects of Licorice Extract Supplementation on Feed Intake, Digestion, Rumen Function, Blood Indices and Live Weight Gain of Karakul Sheep. Animals 2019, 9, 279 .

AMA Style

Xuefeng Guo, Long Cheng, Junfeng Liu, SuJiang Zhang, Xuezhao Sun, Omar Al-Marashdeh. Effects of Licorice Extract Supplementation on Feed Intake, Digestion, Rumen Function, Blood Indices and Live Weight Gain of Karakul Sheep. Animals. 2019; 9 (5):279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuefeng Guo; Long Cheng; Junfeng Liu; SuJiang Zhang; Xuezhao Sun; Omar Al-Marashdeh. 2019. "Effects of Licorice Extract Supplementation on Feed Intake, Digestion, Rumen Function, Blood Indices and Live Weight Gain of Karakul Sheep." Animals 9, no. 5: 279.

Articles
Published: 18 March 2019 in Animal Biotechnology
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The study investigated the effect of stage of lactation and Breeding Worth (BW) index on estimated dry matter intake (DMI), milk solids (MS) production, energy use efficiency (EUE) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of grazing cows. Two hundred crossbred cows with similar calving date (14 August ± 9.97 days), live weight (471.5 ± 44.02) and age (7.5 ± 1.25 years) were separated into five groups (n = 40) based on New Zealand BW index: Low BW (BW = 63.1); Medium Low BW (BW = 88.2); Medium BW (BW = 19.1); Medium High BW (BW = 128.9); and High BW (BW = 146.9). Milk samples were collected in early, mid and late lactation and herbage samples were taken the day before milk sampling. The DMI was estimated by back-calculation based on metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance and production. The MS production, herbage DMI, EUE and FCE declined from early to late lactation. The overall results suggest regardless of the stage of lactation, cows with higher BW had a higher DMI, MS production and FCE.

ACS Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh; Tom M. R. Maxwell; Nicole M. Wheadon; Yingluck Moonsan; Grant R. Edwards; Long Cheng. How does stage of lactation and breeding worth affect milk solids production and production efficiency of grazing dairy cows? Animal Biotechnology 2019, 31, 217 -222.

AMA Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh, Tom M. R. Maxwell, Nicole M. Wheadon, Yingluck Moonsan, Grant R. Edwards, Long Cheng. How does stage of lactation and breeding worth affect milk solids production and production efficiency of grazing dairy cows? Animal Biotechnology. 2019; 31 (3):217-222.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh; Tom M. R. Maxwell; Nicole M. Wheadon; Yingluck Moonsan; Grant R. Edwards; Long Cheng. 2019. "How does stage of lactation and breeding worth affect milk solids production and production efficiency of grazing dairy cows?" Animal Biotechnology 31, no. 3: 217-222.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Applied Animal Behaviour Science
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ACS Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh; Keith C. Cameron; Racheal H. Bryant; Ao Chen; Briar McGowan; Corentine Gillé-Perrier; Peter Carey; Jane Chrystal; Simon Hodge; Grant R. Edwards. Effects of surface type in an uncovered stand-off pad system on comfort and welfare of non-lactating dairy cows during winter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2019, 211, 17 -24.

AMA Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh, Keith C. Cameron, Racheal H. Bryant, Ao Chen, Briar McGowan, Corentine Gillé-Perrier, Peter Carey, Jane Chrystal, Simon Hodge, Grant R. Edwards. Effects of surface type in an uncovered stand-off pad system on comfort and welfare of non-lactating dairy cows during winter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2019; 211 ():17-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh; Keith C. Cameron; Racheal H. Bryant; Ao Chen; Briar McGowan; Corentine Gillé-Perrier; Peter Carey; Jane Chrystal; Simon Hodge; Grant R. Edwards. 2019. "Effects of surface type in an uncovered stand-off pad system on comfort and welfare of non-lactating dairy cows during winter." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 211, no. : 17-24.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Animal Production Science
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Ensiled king grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) is commonly used as feed in tropical ruminant production. However, ruminant performance can be limited by low nitrogen (N) content in tropical grass silage. A mixed feed of legume–king grass silage may be an option to improve ruminant production. We investigated the effects of feeding an ensiled mixture of king grass forage and foliage of a browse tree legume, either leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) or gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp), on dry matter (DM) intake, DM digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N balance of Pelibuey sheep. Twelve male lambs 9–11 months old were blocked by initial bodyweight (33 ± 3 kg, mean ± s.d.) into three groups of four lambs and randomly assigned to one of three feed treatments: king grass silage (KS); mixed king grass and leucaena silage (KLS); and mixed king grass and gliricidia silage (KGS). Results showed that DM and OM were similar among silages. The N content was higher (P < 0.001) in KLS and KGS than in KS. DM intake and DM digestibility were higher (P < 0.001) in KLS and KGS than in KS. OM digestibility was higher (P < 0.001) in KLS than in KS. Nitrogen intake, faecal N, urine volume, urinary N, digested N, N digestibility, N retention and retained N:N intake ratio from KLS and KGS treatments were higher (P < 0.05) than from KS. A lower (P < 0.01) urinary N:N intake ratio was detected from KGS and KLS than from KS. This study demonstrated that, compared with silage made from king grass alone, legume–king grass silage mixtures can improve intake and nutrient digestibility in Pelibuey lambs. Further, N retention can be enhanced when legume–king grass silages are used as feed compared with king grass silage alone.

ACS Style

A. A. Santana; L. Cheng; D. M. Verdecia; J. L. Ramírez; S. López; M. V. Cisneros; I. Rugoho; T. M. R. Maxwell; O. Al-Marashdeh. Effect of a mixed silage of king grass (Cenchrus purpureus) and forage legumes (Leucaena leucocephala or Gliricidia sepium) on sheep intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. Animal Production Science 2019, 59, 2259 .

AMA Style

A. A. Santana, L. Cheng, D. M. Verdecia, J. L. Ramírez, S. López, M. V. Cisneros, I. Rugoho, T. M. R. Maxwell, O. Al-Marashdeh. Effect of a mixed silage of king grass (Cenchrus purpureus) and forage legumes (Leucaena leucocephala or Gliricidia sepium) on sheep intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. Animal Production Science. 2019; 59 (12):2259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. A. Santana; L. Cheng; D. M. Verdecia; J. L. Ramírez; S. López; M. V. Cisneros; I. Rugoho; T. M. R. Maxwell; O. Al-Marashdeh. 2019. "Effect of a mixed silage of king grass (Cenchrus purpureus) and forage legumes (Leucaena leucocephala or Gliricidia sepium) on sheep intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance." Animal Production Science 59, no. 12: 2259.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2018 in New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research
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ACS Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh; Pablo Gregorini; Thomas M. R. Maxwell; Long Cheng; Ignacio E. Beltrán; Aimi N. Hussein; Ao Chen; Laure Guinot; Simon Hodge; Keith C. Cameron; Grant R. Edwards. Short-term grazing and urination behaviour of dairy cows differing in their genetic merit. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 2018, 63, 260 -267.

AMA Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh, Pablo Gregorini, Thomas M. R. Maxwell, Long Cheng, Ignacio E. Beltrán, Aimi N. Hussein, Ao Chen, Laure Guinot, Simon Hodge, Keith C. Cameron, Grant R. Edwards. Short-term grazing and urination behaviour of dairy cows differing in their genetic merit. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 2018; 63 (2):260-267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar Al-Marashdeh; Pablo Gregorini; Thomas M. R. Maxwell; Long Cheng; Ignacio E. Beltrán; Aimi N. Hussein; Ao Chen; Laure Guinot; Simon Hodge; Keith C. Cameron; Grant R. Edwards. 2018. "Short-term grazing and urination behaviour of dairy cows differing in their genetic merit." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 63, no. 2: 260-267.

Original articles
Published: 01 January 2018 in Journal of Applied Animal Research
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This study investigated the effects of three forage treatments [herbal plantain (PL), ryegrass-white clover pasture (RW) and root crop fodder beet (FB)] on ex-vivo rumen fluid fermentations. Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and PCR-single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analyses were undertaken for aliquots collected from the fermentations. The FB treatment had the highest volatile fatty acid (VFA) and lowest pH compared with other treatments. The RW culture that had a higher fibre content, had higher Fibrobacter succinogenes(F. succinogenes) and anaerobic fungi levels when compared with the FB and PL. Protozoans were however the most abundant microorganisms in the FB cultures, and they had the highest water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content. The abundance of F. succinogenes increased in the RW fermentation up to 12 h, and the abundance of anaerobic fungi increased in the RW fermentation up to 24 h. In all the treatments, no effect was found on the overall abundance of bacteria. The findings confirmed that changes in rumen microbial community and fermentation products are partly related to the WSC and fibre content of two novel forages (i.e. PL and FB) increasingly used in animal production.

ACS Style

Haitian Fang; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Huitong Zhou; Andriy Podolyan; Jonathan G. Hickford; Grant R. Edwards; Keith C. Cameron; Long Cheng. Ex-vivo cow rumen fluid fermentation: changes in microbial populations and fermentation products with different forages. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2018, 46, 1272 -1279.

AMA Style

Haitian Fang, Omar Al-Marashdeh, Huitong Zhou, Andriy Podolyan, Jonathan G. Hickford, Grant R. Edwards, Keith C. Cameron, Long Cheng. Ex-vivo cow rumen fluid fermentation: changes in microbial populations and fermentation products with different forages. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2018; 46 (1):1272-1279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haitian Fang; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Huitong Zhou; Andriy Podolyan; Jonathan G. Hickford; Grant R. Edwards; Keith C. Cameron; Long Cheng. 2018. "Ex-vivo cow rumen fluid fermentation: changes in microbial populations and fermentation products with different forages." Journal of Applied Animal Research 46, no. 1: 1272-1279.

Research articles
Published: 20 December 2017 in New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research
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The objective of this study was to assess live weight gain, animal behaviour and N excretion in the urine of dairy heifers fed herbs during autumn and spring. Sixty heifers were allocated into five dietary treatments: 100% ryegrass–white clove pasture (100RG/WC); 50% RG/WC + 50% chicory (50CH); 75% RG/WC + 25% chicory (25CH); 75% RG/WC + 25% plantain (25PL); and 50% RG/WC + 50% plantain (50PL). The 100RG/WC had the highest (5.0 times/6 h) and lowest (2.5 times/6 h) urination frequency compared with other treatments in autumn (averaged 3.5 times/6 h) and spring (averaged 4.5 times/6 h), respectively. The heifer LWG in spring was higher in 25CH (1.36 kg/day) than other treatments (averaged 1.10 kg/day). Urinary N concentration was 0.18% and 0.23% in autumn and spring, respectively, across treatments, with no difference between treatments. The study demonstrated inconsistent results of use of chicory and plantain as a mitigation tool to reduce the environmental impact of heifer rearing systems in autumn and spring.

ACS Style

Long Cheng; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Jeff McCormick; Xuefeng Guo; Ao Chen; Chris Logan; Jing Zhong Tao; Hazel Carr; Grant Edwards. Live weight gain, animal behaviour and urinary nitrogen excretion of dairy heifers grazing ryegrass–white clover pasture, chicory or plantain. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 2017, 61, 454 -467.

AMA Style

Long Cheng, Omar Al-Marashdeh, Jeff McCormick, Xuefeng Guo, Ao Chen, Chris Logan, Jing Zhong Tao, Hazel Carr, Grant Edwards. Live weight gain, animal behaviour and urinary nitrogen excretion of dairy heifers grazing ryegrass–white clover pasture, chicory or plantain. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 2017; 61 (4):454-467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Long Cheng; Omar Al-Marashdeh; Jeff McCormick; Xuefeng Guo; Ao Chen; Chris Logan; Jing Zhong Tao; Hazel Carr; Grant Edwards. 2017. "Live weight gain, animal behaviour and urinary nitrogen excretion of dairy heifers grazing ryegrass–white clover pasture, chicory or plantain." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 61, no. 4: 454-467.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 September 2016 in Journal of Dairy Science
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding maize silage at different times before a short grazing bout on dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, and N excretion of dairy cows. Thirty-six Friesian × Jersey crossbred lactating dairy cows were blocked in 9groups of 4 cows by milk solids (sum of protein and fat) production (1.26±0.25kg/d), body weight (466±65kg), body condition score (4±0.48), and days in milk (197±15). Groups were then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 replicates of 3 treatments: control; herbage only, supplemented with 3kg of DM/cow of maize silage after morning milking approximately 9h before pasture allocation (9BH); and supplemented with 3kg of DM/cow of maize silage before afternoon milking approximately 2h before pasture allocation (2BH). Herbage allowance (above the ground level) was 22kg of DM/cow per day for all groups of cows. Cows were allocated to pasture from 1530 to 2030 h. Maize silage DM intake did not differ between treatments, averaging 3kg of DM/cow per day. Herbage DM intake was greater for control than 2BH and 9BH, and greater for 9BH than 2BH (11.1, 10.1, and 10.9kg of DM/cow per day for control, 2BH, and 9BH, respectively). The substitution rate (kilograms of herbage DM per kilograms of maize silage DM) was greater for 2BH (0.47) than 9BH (0.19). Milk solids production was similar between treatments (overall mean 1.2kg/cow per day). Body weight loss tended to be less for supplemented than control cows (-0.95, -0.44, and -0.58kg/cow per day for control, 2BH, and 9BH, respectively). Nitrogen concentration in urine was not affected by supplementation or time of supplementation, but estimated urinary N excretion tended to be greater for control than supplemented cows when urinary N excretion estimated using plasma or milk urea N. At the time of herbage meal, nonesterified fatty acid concentration was greater for control than supplemented cows and greater for 9BH than 2BH (0.58, 0.14, and 0.26mmol/L for control, 2BH, and 9BH, respectively). Timing of maize silage supplementation relative to a short and intensive herbage meal can reduce the substitution rate and increase herbage DM intake of grazing dairy cows.

ACS Style

O. Al-Marashdeh; Pablo Gregorini; Grant Edwards. Effect of time of maize silage supplementation on herbage intake, milk production, and nitrogen excretion of grazing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2016, 99, 7123 -7132.

AMA Style

O. Al-Marashdeh, Pablo Gregorini, Grant Edwards. Effect of time of maize silage supplementation on herbage intake, milk production, and nitrogen excretion of grazing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2016; 99 (9):7123-7132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

O. Al-Marashdeh; Pablo Gregorini; Grant Edwards. 2016. "Effect of time of maize silage supplementation on herbage intake, milk production, and nitrogen excretion of grazing dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science 99, no. 9: 7123-7132.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Animal Production Science
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The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the timing of feeding maize silage before a short herbage meal on dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, nitrogen (N) partitioning and rumen function of lactating dairy cows. Ten lactating, pregnant, Friesian × Jersey rumen-fistulated dairy cows aged 4–5 years were blocked in pairs by milksolids (MS; sum of protein and fat) production (1.73 ± 0.097 kg MS/cow.day; mean ± s.d.), bodyweight (519 ± 24.7 kg), days in milk (163 ± 12.5), and body condition score (3.9 ± 0.21). Cows within pairs were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: (1) five cows were offered one-third of their estimated total DM intake (5 kg/cow.day) as maize silage after the afternoon milking at 1500 hours, ~1 h before herbage was provided (1BH); (2) five cows were offered one-third of their estimated total DM intake as maize silage after morning milking at 0700 hours, ~9 h before herbage was provided (9BH). All cows were offered two-thirds of their total estimated DM intake (11 kg/cow.day) over a period of 4 h from 1600 hours to 2000 hours as freshly cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in an indoor system. Cows were adapted to diets for 9 days (Days 1–9), followed by 5 days of measurement (Days 10–14). Maize silage DM intake did not differ between treatments averaging 5.1 kg DM/cow.day. Herbage DM intake was greater (P = 0.02) for 9BH (11.2 kg DM/cow.day) than 1BH (10.4 kg DM/cow.day). Milk yield (P = 0.001) and MS production (P = 0.08) were greater for 9BH than 1BH (18.8 vs 15.4 kg/cow.day and 1.63 vs 1.48 kg MS/cow.day, respectively). There was no effect of time of supplementation on N partitioned to milk, faeces, or urine. The purine derivatives to creatinine ratio, as an indication of microbial protein production, was greater (P = 0.04) for 9BH than 1BH. Daily mean rumen pH and the concentration of total rumen volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, and ammonia N were not affected by treatment. However, the peak concentration of ruminal ammonia N was 27% lower (P < 0.05) for 9BH than 1BH. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acid (P = 0.03) and beta-hydroxy butyric acid (P = 0.01) were greater for 1BH than 9BH (0.14 vs 0.09 and 0.81 vs 0.71 mmol/L, respectively). These results indicate that under herbage feed restriction, altering the time of supplementation relative to the herbage meal can increase herbage DM intake and subsequent milk production.

ACS Style

O. Al-Marashdeh; Pablo Gregorini; S. L. Greenwood; G. Edwards. The effect of feeding maize silage 1 h or 9 h before the herbage meal on dry matter intake, milk production, nitrogen partitioning and rumen function of lactating dairy cows. Animal Production Science 2016, 56, 2004 -2013.

AMA Style

O. Al-Marashdeh, Pablo Gregorini, S. L. Greenwood, G. Edwards. The effect of feeding maize silage 1 h or 9 h before the herbage meal on dry matter intake, milk production, nitrogen partitioning and rumen function of lactating dairy cows. Animal Production Science. 2016; 56 (12):2004-2013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

O. Al-Marashdeh; Pablo Gregorini; S. L. Greenwood; G. Edwards. 2016. "The effect of feeding maize silage 1 h or 9 h before the herbage meal on dry matter intake, milk production, nitrogen partitioning and rumen function of lactating dairy cows." Animal Production Science 56, no. 12: 2004-2013.