Fabrication of a polymer light-emitting device was achieved by a laser forward transfer technique using the decomposition of a thin triazene polymer film by a XeCl excimer laser. The dry deposition process allows transfer of a bilayer consisting of the electroluminescent polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] covered with an aluminum electrode onto a receiver substrate. The soft transfer results in laterally well resolved pixels $(\approx 500\mu \mathrm{m})$ , whose fluorescence as well as electroluminescence spectra remain unaltered. The rectifying and smooth current-voltage characteristics add to the merits of this laser-based transfer method that opens up the possibility of direct-writing heat- and UV-sensitive materials.

Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer nanocomposites have superior properties compared to the neat polymer matrix. They now are widely used in industry, but questions have been raised about the risks of such materials since CNTs can be toxic when inhaled. For a risk assessment of CNT nanocomposites, it is crucial to know whether CNTs from nanocomposites can be released into the environment or if they remain embedded in the matrix. This review article summarizes the studies that investigated the release of CNTs from nanocomposites during the service life. Three scenarios are reviewed, the release of particles due to mechanical impact, the release due to weathering processes, and the release due to fire. A release during composite production and disposal is not incorporated.

Carbon-based hole transport layer-free carbon mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (MPSCs) are considered to be cell architectures with high potential for commercialization, due to their enhanced stability. In the standard process for large area and module fabrication, mesoporous layers of TiO₂, ZrO₂ and carbon are screen printed onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated with a compact TiO₂ (cTiO₂) layer. In this work, we sequentially replaced screen printing by slot die coating one by one for all layers until we achieved a fully slot die coated solar cell. Slot die coating is a manufacturing technique with a much higher throughput than screen printing. We demonstrate that slot die coated layers need not be sintered separately as opposed to the screen printed layers, but can rather be co-fired for increased manufacturing speed and efficacy. We characterize the inks, coating process, morphology and performance of these solar cells. The cells show efficiencies comparable to those of the screen printed control devices. The cells also show extraordinarily high shelf life stability. We also demonstrate that ellipsometry can be used as an efficient (in-situ) tool to characterize the stack structure of the cells.

An optimized laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) technique has been used to fabricate tri-color organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels. At reduced pressures, and with a defined donor-receiver gap, patterned depositions of polyfluorene-based OLED pixels have been achieved. OLED pixel functionality has been demonstrated and compared with devices made using conventional deposition techniques. In addition, improved functionality has been obtained by coating the cathode with an electron-injecting layer, a process not possible using conventional OLED fabrication techniques. The OLED pixels fabricated by LIFT reach efficiencies on the range of conventionally fabricated devices and even surpass them in the case of blue pixels.

Customizable solar cells are required for aesthetic indoor and outdoor photovoltaic de-ployment as well as for the freedom of design of small and portable power supplies. We demonstrate that drop on demand inkjet printing can be used for the fabrication of monolithic mesoscopic carbon-based perovskite solar cells by printing all of the oxide layers in the stack as well as the organo-metal halide absorber. Printable inks using environmentally friendly solvents and jetting parameters were developed in order to achieve homogenous and continuous functional layers of the photovoltaic stack. Inkjet printed cells are compared to those obtained from the standard screen-printing route. As a proof of princi-ple, photovoltaic cells with an area of 1.5 cm² and a performance of 9.1 % were realized by inkjet printing, which opens up intriguing application possibilities.