According to recent archeological evidence, turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) domestication may have occurred in Mexico around 2000 years ago. However, little is known about the phylogenetic and genealogical background underlying domestic turkey populations. This study aimed to further understand the domestication process and identify inter- or intraspecific connections between turkey populations to determine their origins, trace their global expansion, and define the species’ genetic value. Ninety-three domestic turkeys (local breeds) were sampled from populations in Brazil, Mexico, USA, Spain, Italy, Iran, and Egypt. Publicly available sequences from previous studies were also included. Standard mitochondrial DNA, genetic diversity, and haplotype network analyses were performed. Seventy-six polymorphic sites were identified. Turkeys from Mexico showed the greatest number of polymorphic sites (40), while turkeys from Italy and Brazil reported only one site each. Nucleotide diversity was also highest in Mexico and the USA (π = 0.0175 and 0.0102, respectively) and lowest in Brazil and Italy. Of the six major haplogroups defined, the Mexican and USA populations appeared to have remained more stable and diverse than the other populations. This may be due to conservative husbandry policies in the rural areas of other populations, which have prevented the introduction of commercial turkey lines.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreserved equine semen in the presence of trehalose-loaded liposomes on the integrity and function of sperm cells. Six ejaculations of five stallions collected with an artificial vagina were used. The ejaculates were diluted with INRA 96® 2:1 v/v and transported at 22 °C to the laboratory. Before cryopreservation, the semen was diluted with INRA Freeze® to obtain the following treatments: T1) INRA Freeze® (control), T2) INRA Freeze® + liposomes, T3) INRA Freeze^® + liposomes+trehalose. Data were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test. The percentages of sperm with intact DNA were 54.5, 57.9, and 64.8% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively (P>0.05). When evaluating the acrosomal and capacitation state after filtering with Percoll®, the percentages of spermatozoa without acrosome reaction and without capacitation were 67.8, 79.2 and 68.1% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P>0.05), while the capacitated sperm without acrosome reaction and without capacitation was similar in T1 (47%) and T3 (32%) (P>0.05), and lower in T2 (16%) before filtering with Percoll®. The use of liposomes and liposome-trehalose did not affect on the functional status and nuclear chromatin of the equine sperm after freezing, but it did affect the percentage of capacitated sperm without acrosome reaction after selecting the thawed semen using the Percoll^® gradient.

Objetivo. Caracterizar el sistema de producción bovino doble propósito (SPDP) en unidades de producción pecuaria (UPP) de municipios de la Huasteca Alta Veracruzana (HAV) y determinar la tipología de las UPP dentro del SPDP. Materiales y métodos. Con variables sociales (productor), cuantitativas del hato e índices tecnológicos, agrupados en áreas zootécnicas (Reproducción, Salud, Nutrición, Pastos y Administrativa) se analizó la información de 135 UPP del SPDP recabada a través de encuestas y visitas in situ, con registros de sus actividades sociales, económicas y pecuarias; asi mismo, se analizó el panorama climatológico con información de estaciones meteorológicas de la región. Se utilizó el análisis multivariados K-means y Conglomerado (Statistica V10); con ello, se logró identificar cinco grupos de UPP catalogándose como: Empresarial (n= 4), Transición (n= 29), Tradicional Alto (n=34), Medio (n= 37) y Bajo (n= 31). Con ANDEVA de una vía fueron analizadas las variables socioeconómicas, productivas y propias del hato. Resultados. Las UPP Empresarial y Transición se diferenciaron (p < 0.05) de las de tipo Tradicional por poseer una mayor superficie (hectáreas) utilizada para la ganadería, número de vacas y mayores índices tecnológicos de salud, nutrición y económico (p< 0.05), características que describen la obtención de mayores ingresos por venta la de leche y becerros para la engorda. Conclusiones. El índice tecnológico del SPDP es de 0.37 ± 0.01 a 0.61 ± 0.06 (bajo-medio), esta situación y las condiciones climatológicas actuales afectan su productividad.

El pavo de traspatio mexicano es una raza autóctona en peligro de extinción, ya que en la actualidad se ha perdido la costumbre de conservar los recursos genéticos autóctonos de cada población, procurando el cruzamiento con animales de líneas comerciales para la producción de carne de pavo, dañando y perdiendo el acervo genético de los pavos autóctonos de México. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar la caracterización genética del pavo de traspatio mexicano mediante el uso de microsatélites y estudiar la posible estructura genética de esta población. Se analiza un panel de 38 microsatélites en 51 muestras de pavo de traspatio, tomadas de diferentes zonas de la ciudad de Veracruz, México. Se han evaluado los principales parámetros de diversidad genética: heterocigosidad esperada y observada, número de alelos, estadísticos F y Análisis Factorial de Correspondencia mediante el programa informático GENETIX. Se calculan las distancias genéticas entre individuos (DSA) con las que se ha construido un dendrograma utilizando el programa POPULATIONS. El árbol se visualiza con el programa TREEVIEW. Se estudia la estructura genética con el programa STRUCTURE. Todos los microsatélites utilizados han resultado polimórficos, encontrándose un mínimo de 2 alelos en el microsatélite MNT 264 y un máximo de 14 alelos en los marcadores MNT274 y RHT024, con un número medio de alelos de 6.79. Los valores medios de HE y HO son 0.619 y 0.620 respectivamente. Los estadísticos F muestran los siguientes valores en el total de la muestra: FIS 0.128 (P

With the aim of assessing bull fertility before or during its use for reproduction under tropical weather conditions where heat stress is present, and correlating it to herd parameters, BSE was carried out to determine which genetic groups of bulls have better reproductive performance. 223 bulls from different genetic groups, Zebu bulls (N = 72), European bulls (N = 58), and Crossbred Bulls (N = 93), were evaluated in situ over a two-year period, 2018–2019. Bull (age, corporal conditions, libido, and scrotal circumference), semen (concentration, motility and volume), herd (pregnancy rate and calving intervals) and environmental variables (THI, season, sampling month and spermatogenesis month) were analysed with One-Way ANOVA, as well as with factorial, multiple regression, and multivariate analysis. Zebu and European bulls have a higher libido than crossbreed bulls (p < .05), and it decreases with age (p < .05). High-libido bulls (>7) show high correlation (R = 0.70 p < .05) with herd parameters; BCS affects libido (p < .05). Sperm concentration is correlated to herd parameters (R = 0.82 p < .05). European bull sperm concentration and motility showed a decrease in autumn and winter (p < .05) in comparison to other genetic groups. Libido and semen variables are more associated with herd parameters than with other bull characteristics. Environmental variables are not associated with herd parameters (p > .05). Heat stress did not directly affect bull reproductive performance; Zebu bulls and crossbreeds showed better herd parameters (p < .05).