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Mr. Lluc Canals Casals
1. Department of Project and Construction Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain;

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0 Electric Vehicles
0 battery aging
0 End of life of electric vehicles
0 Second life of batteries
0 Battery reuse

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Electric Vehicles
Second life of batteries
Battery reuse
battery aging
End of life of electric vehicles

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Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The present work aims to describe and analyze the results of the interventions carried out in the Barcelona pilot site of the EmpowerMed project. The overall objective of EmpowerMed is to tackle energy poverty and to help improve the health of people in coastal areas of Mediterranean countries, with a particular focus on women. The main support approach implemented in Barcelona is Collective Advisory Assemblies (CAA), in the framework of Alliance against Energy Poverty. CAA is an innovative, collaborative empowering engagement tool that offers an alternative to the more traditional one-off individual household advice and support approaches. CAAs take place together with a monitoring campaign where: electricity consumption is analyzed to optimize the supply contracts, and indoor environmental comfort to provide recommendations for wellbeing improvement. Through the different approaches, a characterization of the people that have participated in the Barcelona pilot site was completed, from a socioeconomic, energy, thermal comfort and air quality perspective. Additionally, it was compared with a group of energy poverty non-affected households, which are involved in the monitoring campaign. Finally, the impact was quantified in terms of empowerment of energy poverty population and, potential economic savings.

ACS Style

Joana Ortiz; Mariana Jiménez Martínez; Alba Alegría-Sala; Sergio Tirado-Herrero; Irene González Pijuan; Mònica Guiteras Blaya; Lluc Canals Casals. Tackling Energy Poverty through Collective Advisory Assemblies and Electricity and Comfort Monitoring Campaigns. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9671 .

AMA Style

Joana Ortiz, Mariana Jiménez Martínez, Alba Alegría-Sala, Sergio Tirado-Herrero, Irene González Pijuan, Mònica Guiteras Blaya, Lluc Canals Casals. Tackling Energy Poverty through Collective Advisory Assemblies and Electricity and Comfort Monitoring Campaigns. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joana Ortiz; Mariana Jiménez Martínez; Alba Alegría-Sala; Sergio Tirado-Herrero; Irene González Pijuan; Mònica Guiteras Blaya; Lluc Canals Casals. 2021. "Tackling Energy Poverty through Collective Advisory Assemblies and Electricity and Comfort Monitoring Campaigns." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9671.

Review
Published: 16 April 2021 in Energies
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It is a fact that electric vehicles (EVs) are beneficial for climate protection. However, the current challenge is to decide on whether to reuse an EV battery or to recycle it after its first use. This paper theoretically investigates these areas i.e., recycle and reuse. It was found that there are several commercially used recycling processes and also some are under research to regain maximum possible materials and quantity. The concept of reusing (second life) of the battery is promising because, at the end of the first life, batteries from EVs can be used in several applications such as storing energy generated from renewable sources to support the government grid. However, the cost and life-cycle analysis (LCA) demonstrated that there are several aspects involved in battery reuse applications. Henceforth, one LCA generalised method cannot provide an optimal approach for all cases. It is important to have a detailed study on each of the battery reusing applications. Until then, it is safe to say that reusing the battery is a good option as it would give some time to recycling companies to develop cost and energy-efficient methods.

ACS Style

Yash Kotak; Carlos Marchante Fernández; Lluc Canals Casals; Bhavya Kotak; Daniel Koch; Christian Geisbauer; Lluís Trilla; Alberto Gómez-Núñez; Hans-Georg Schweiger. End of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Reuse vs. Recycle. Energies 2021, 14, 2217 .

AMA Style

Yash Kotak, Carlos Marchante Fernández, Lluc Canals Casals, Bhavya Kotak, Daniel Koch, Christian Geisbauer, Lluís Trilla, Alberto Gómez-Núñez, Hans-Georg Schweiger. End of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Reuse vs. Recycle. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2217.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yash Kotak; Carlos Marchante Fernández; Lluc Canals Casals; Bhavya Kotak; Daniel Koch; Christian Geisbauer; Lluís Trilla; Alberto Gómez-Núñez; Hans-Georg Schweiger. 2021. "End of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Reuse vs. Recycle." Energies 14, no. 8: 2217.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Sustainability
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The high-penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in low voltage distribution grids, mainly photovoltaics (PV), might lead to overvoltage in the point of common coupling, thus, limiting the entrance of renewable sources to fulfill the requirements from the network operator. Volt-var is a common control function for DER power converters that is used to enhance the stability and reliability of the voltage in the distribution system. In this study, a centralized algorithm provides local volt-var control parameters to each PV inverter, which are based on the electrical grid characteristics. Because accurate information of grid characteristics is typically not available, the parametrization of the electrical grid is done using a local power meter data and a voltage sensitivity matrix. The algorithm has different optimization modes that take into account the minimization of voltage deviation and line current. To validate the effectiveness of the algorithm and its deployment in a real infrastructure, the solution has been tested in an experimental setup with PV emulators under laboratory conditions. The volt-var control algorithm successfully adapted its parameters based on grid topology and PV inverter characteristics, achieving a voltage reduction of up to 25% of the allowed voltage deviation.

ACS Style

Toni Gubert; Alba Colet; Lluc Casals; Cristina Corchero; José Domínguez-García; Amelia Sotomayor; William Martin; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet. Adaptive Volt-Var Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4459 .

AMA Style

Toni Gubert, Alba Colet, Lluc Casals, Cristina Corchero, José Domínguez-García, Amelia Sotomayor, William Martin, Yves Stauffer, Pierre-Jean Alet. Adaptive Volt-Var Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Toni Gubert; Alba Colet; Lluc Casals; Cristina Corchero; José Domínguez-García; Amelia Sotomayor; William Martin; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet. 2021. "Adaptive Volt-Var Control Algorithm to Grid Strength and PV Inverter Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4459.

Book
Published: 24 March 2021 in 2nd International Congress on Water and Sustainability
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This Conference is the consequence of the conjunction of the results and progress of the ongoing research on the water treatment ENMA group at the University and the particular social and political moment that water management is facing in Catalonia and, particularly in the city of Terrassa, that locates the INTEXTER (Institute for Textile Research and Industrial Cooperation of Terrassa), venue of the Conference. This congress aims to give space for a scientific debate and reflection on water and its importance with regard to the environment and wider society. We hope that this initiative will consolidate the entire educational, scientific and professional community to respond to the prospective challenges that the development and implementation of new technologies brings together with their impacts in relation to water. Please, enjoy the presentations, posters, sessions and the whole event activities.

ACS Style

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Valentina Buscio Olivera; Lluc Canals Casals; Intexter (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya). 2nd International Congress on Water and Sustainability. 2nd International Congress on Water and Sustainability 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Valentina Buscio Olivera, Lluc Canals Casals, Intexter (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya). 2nd International Congress on Water and Sustainability. 2nd International Congress on Water and Sustainability. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Valentina Buscio Olivera; Lluc Canals Casals; Intexter (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya). 2021. "2nd International Congress on Water and Sustainability." 2nd International Congress on Water and Sustainability , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 13 November 2020 in Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering
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Buildings are responsible for 40% of the energy consumption and around 36% of CO2 emissions in the European Union. Administrations are funding projects enhancing energy efficiency to achieve a zero-emission building. As a consequence, many companies perceive the business potential. Several public buildings are analyzed by comparing their energy rating labels against their real energy consumption. Results show that highly rated buildings are also the ones with higher consumption. This study analyzes and discusses the factors that end up in this paradox. Results show that new buildings consume more energy, which is caused by higher interior-comfort standards. Moreover, control systems that should warrant optimal functionality of the building consume non-negligible amounts of energy. Finally, technical exigencies on buildings have increased in recent years. In conclusion, project management should incorporate the structure, control, security, and comfort systems together in the design phase. Moreover, this phase should also include the operating definition of the building during the day and throughout seasons of the year.

ACS Style

M. Macarulla; L. Canals Casals. Paradoxes Between Energy Labeling and Efficiency in Buildings. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2020, 371 -380.

AMA Style

M. Macarulla, L. Canals Casals. Paradoxes Between Energy Labeling and Efficiency in Buildings. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2020; ():371-380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Macarulla; L. Canals Casals. 2020. "Paradoxes Between Energy Labeling and Efficiency in Buildings." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 371-380.

Conference paper
Published: 13 November 2020 in Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering
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Research quality is commonly evaluated by the quantity of papers published in high impact factor-indexed journals. In fact, many of these journals and conference articles show partial or final results of research projects done individually or together with other research centers, universities, and companies. However, the visibility and impact on society of these projects, even with the existence of specific websites, funding, and publicizing requirements, are generally low. This study takes the example of the ReViBE project, in which the Research Group on Project Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia takes part, by presenting how the use of three tools designed to generate ideas, such as surveys, brainstorming, and teamstorming, serves at the same time to give support to research and as a loudspeaker to enhance the visibility of the project. The study compares the quality and quantity of data collected or generated by each tool and methodology and evaluates its capacity for dissemination.

ACS Style

L. Canals Casals; B. Amante; M. M. González. Strategies to Enhance Impact and Visibility of Research Projects. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2020, 3 -15.

AMA Style

L. Canals Casals, B. Amante, M. M. González. Strategies to Enhance Impact and Visibility of Research Projects. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2020; ():3-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Canals Casals; B. Amante; M. M. González. 2020. "Strategies to Enhance Impact and Visibility of Research Projects." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 3-15.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered a viable alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and as a result of recent advances in battery technologies, sales are increasing year by year. However, recycling these batteries at the end of their useful life in the car can be a problem because they contain materials that can harm human health and the environment. Thus, car manufacturers consider that when those batteries have finished their first life in an EV, they still contain enough energy and capacity to be used in a stationary energy storage systems (SESSs), significantly contributing towards an increased sustainable transport sector in the future. This study focuses the analysis on the viability of a SESS installation, considering battery ageing from an economic perspective in two different real scenarios in Spain. This study simulates the electricity bill cost with and without SESS and calculates the annual savings accordingly. Following, the return on investment (ROI) of installing a SESS is calculated. Afterwards the lifetime of the batteries is calculated in order to compare it with the ROI and to decide if the installation of a SESS is advisable from an economic point of view. Major results indicate that any feasibility study of installing a SESS must be studied from an economic and battery ageing point of view.

ACS Style

H. Rallo; Lluc Canals Casals; D. De La Torre; R. Reinhardt; C. Marchante; B. Amante. Lithium-ion battery 2nd life used as a stationary energy storage system: Ageing and economic analysis in two real cases. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 272, 122584 .

AMA Style

H. Rallo, Lluc Canals Casals, D. De La Torre, R. Reinhardt, C. Marchante, B. Amante. Lithium-ion battery 2nd life used as a stationary energy storage system: Ageing and economic analysis in two real cases. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 272 ():122584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Rallo; Lluc Canals Casals; D. De La Torre; R. Reinhardt; C. Marchante; B. Amante. 2020. "Lithium-ion battery 2nd life used as a stationary energy storage system: Ageing and economic analysis in two real cases." Journal of Cleaner Production 272, no. : 122584.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2020 in Utilities Policy
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Demand-side flexibility is a promising source of the energy system that might enhance renewable energy penetration and help to democratize the electricity sector. However, it is not clear what is the best strategy to adopt for Demand Aggregators, especially when flexibility is provided by residential and tertiary buildings. This study compares two Demand Aggregators strategies in the framework of the SABINA (H2020) and the REFER research projects and analyses the effect of CO2 prices on the Demand Aggregator business model. Results show that Demand Response activities reduce both the costs and the building CO2 emissions independently from the strategy adopted.

ACS Style

Mattia Barbero; Lluc Canals Casals; Cristina Corchero. Comparison between economic and environmental drivers for demand side aggregator. Utilities Policy 2020, 65, 101077 .

AMA Style

Mattia Barbero, Lluc Canals Casals, Cristina Corchero. Comparison between economic and environmental drivers for demand side aggregator. Utilities Policy. 2020; 65 ():101077.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattia Barbero; Lluc Canals Casals; Cristina Corchero. 2020. "Comparison between economic and environmental drivers for demand side aggregator." Utilities Policy 65, no. : 101077.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2020 in Energies
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The electricity sector foresees a significant change in the way energy is generated and distributed in the coming years. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, smart algorithms can determine the difference about how and when energy is produced or consumed by residential districts. However, managing and implementing energy demand response, in particular energy flexibility activations, in real case studies still presents issues to be solved. This study, within the framework of the European project “SABINA H2020”, addresses the development of a multi-level optimization algorithm that has been tested in a semi-virtual real-time configuration. Results from a two-day test show the potential of building’s flexibility and highlight its complexity. Results show how the first level algorithm goal to reduce the energy injected to the grid is accomplished as well as the energy consumption shift from nighttime to daytime hours. As conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of such kind of configurations and puts the basis for real test site implementation.

ACS Style

Paolo Taddeo; Alba Colet; Rafael E. Carrillo; Lluc Casals Canals; Baptiste Schubnel; Yves Stauffer; Ivan Bellanco; Cristina Corchero Garcia; Jaume Salom. Management and Activation of Energy Flexibility at Building and Market Level: A Residential Case Study. Energies 2020, 13, 1188 .

AMA Style

Paolo Taddeo, Alba Colet, Rafael E. Carrillo, Lluc Casals Canals, Baptiste Schubnel, Yves Stauffer, Ivan Bellanco, Cristina Corchero Garcia, Jaume Salom. Management and Activation of Energy Flexibility at Building and Market Level: A Residential Case Study. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Taddeo; Alba Colet; Rafael E. Carrillo; Lluc Casals Canals; Baptiste Schubnel; Yves Stauffer; Ivan Bellanco; Cristina Corchero Garcia; Jaume Salom. 2020. "Management and Activation of Energy Flexibility at Building and Market Level: A Residential Case Study." Energies 13, no. 5: 1188.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2020 in Applied Energy
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European Directives are incentivizing consumers to play an active role in the electricity system and to collaborate to maintain its stability, which has been historically provided by large generation power plants. However, it is not easy for the System Operator to handle the coexistence of consumers and generators in the same markets. Under these circumstances, a new actor allows small residential and commercial consumers to participate in flexibility markets: The Demand Aggregator. However, balancing markets opened to Demand Aggregators still present several barriers that do not allow their practical participation. This study analyzes barriers and enablers of four European electricity markets and proposes a new market framework that would enhance Demand Aggregators’ participation. To validate the proposed market and to understand the economic potentials of aggregated small tertiary buildings, a Demand Aggregator is simulated using real building’s consumption data. Results show that technical requirements to participate in balancing markets such as the minimum bid size, the symmetricity of the offer and the product resolution strongly affect incomes for Demand Aggregators. However, neither in the proposed market, the creation of a Demand Aggregator whose business model is focused on small tertiary buildings does not seem realistic due to low incomes in comparison to the fixed costs necessary to enable Demand Response, especially if only the air conditioning system is considered.

ACS Style

Mattia Barbero; Cristina Corchero; Lluc Canals Casals; Lucia Igualada; F.-Javier Heredia. Critical evaluation of European balancing markets to enable the participation of Demand Aggregators. Applied Energy 2020, 264, 114707 .

AMA Style

Mattia Barbero, Cristina Corchero, Lluc Canals Casals, Lucia Igualada, F.-Javier Heredia. Critical evaluation of European balancing markets to enable the participation of Demand Aggregators. Applied Energy. 2020; 264 ():114707.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattia Barbero; Cristina Corchero; Lluc Canals Casals; Lucia Igualada; F.-Javier Heredia. 2020. "Critical evaluation of European balancing markets to enable the participation of Demand Aggregators." Applied Energy 264, no. : 114707.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2019 in International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences
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As a vital resource for human well-being, drinking water is considered a public good worldwide. However, big companies are sometimes in charge of its management leading to an interested distribution of benefits. One of the mechanisms of power that these private companies employ to retain access to water management is the control of the dissemination of information. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of big companies on the dissemination of water management in Catalonia by focusing on two groups of actors: general public and experts. Accordingly, we analyse the association of big companies with mass media and research institutions. First, we scrutinise local newspapers for the period 2010-2016 to compile news about water management and companies whose activity is related to water. We found some interesting correlations between the amount and subject of news, the editorial lines and relevant facts. Second, we search scientific articles about water management written by authors from Catalan research institutions. We analyse the production, research topic and funding. In this sense, we found that technological centres are the most funded by private companies and that public funding is more related to topics related to the ecosystem functioning.Â

ACS Style

Dídac Jorda-Capdevila; Lluc Canals Casals. Water Management in the Media and Research: Dissemination in Catalonia and Its Capture by Private Companies. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 2019, 8, 267 -288.

AMA Style

Dídac Jorda-Capdevila, Lluc Canals Casals. Water Management in the Media and Research: Dissemination in Catalonia and Its Capture by Private Companies. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences. 2019; 8 (3):267-288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dídac Jorda-Capdevila; Lluc Canals Casals. 2019. "Water Management in the Media and Research: Dissemination in Catalonia and Its Capture by Private Companies." International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 3: 267-288.

Journal article
Published: 08 October 2019 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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As a result of monitoring thousands of electric vehicle charges around Europe, this study builds statistical distributions that model the amount of energy necessary for trips between charges, showing that most of trips are within the range of electric vehicle even when the battery degradation reaches the end-of-life, commonly accepted to be 80% State of Health. According to these results, this study analyses how far this End-of-Life can be pushed forward using statistical methods and indicating the provability of failing to fulfill the electric vehicle (EV) owners’ daily trip needs.

ACS Style

Lluc Canals Casals; Marta Rodríguez; Cristina Corchero; Rafael E. Carrillo. Evaluation of the End-of-Life of Electric Vehicle Batteries According to the State-of-Health. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2019, 10, 63 .

AMA Style

Lluc Canals Casals, Marta Rodríguez, Cristina Corchero, Rafael E. Carrillo. Evaluation of the End-of-Life of Electric Vehicle Batteries According to the State-of-Health. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2019; 10 (4):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lluc Canals Casals; Marta Rodríguez; Cristina Corchero; Rafael E. Carrillo. 2019. "Evaluation of the End-of-Life of Electric Vehicle Batteries According to the State-of-Health." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 4: 63.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2019 in 2019 16th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)
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ACS Style

Lluc Canals Casals; Cristina Corchero; Joana Ortiz; Jaume Salom; David Cardoner; Lucia Igualada; Rafael E. Carrillo; Yves Stauffer. How Building and District Algorithms Enhance Renewable Energy Integration in Energy Markets. 2019 16th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Lluc Canals Casals, Cristina Corchero, Joana Ortiz, Jaume Salom, David Cardoner, Lucia Igualada, Rafael E. Carrillo, Yves Stauffer. How Building and District Algorithms Enhance Renewable Energy Integration in Energy Markets. 2019 16th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lluc Canals Casals; Cristina Corchero; Joana Ortiz; Jaume Salom; David Cardoner; Lucia Igualada; Rafael E. Carrillo; Yves Stauffer. 2019. "How Building and District Algorithms Enhance Renewable Energy Integration in Energy Markets." 2019 16th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2019 in Energies
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The development of Li-ion batteries has enabled the re-entry of electric vehicles into the market. As car manufacturers strive to reach higher practical specific energies (550 Wh/kg) than what is achievable for Li-ion batteries, new alternatives for battery chemistry are being considered. Li-Sulfur batteries are of interest due to their ability to achieve the desired practical specific energy. The research presented in this paper focuses on the development of the Li-Sulfur technology for use in electric vehicles. The paper presents the methodology and results for endurance tests conducted on in-house manufactured Li-S cells under various accelerated ageing conditions. The Li-S cells were found to reach 80% state of health after 300–500 cycles. The results of these tests were used as the basis for discussing the second life options for Li-S batteries, as well as environmental Life Cycle Assessment results of a 50 kWh Li-S battery.

ACS Style

Deidre Wolff; Lluc Canals Casals; Gabriela Benveniste; Cristina Corchero; Lluís Trilla. The Effects of Lithium Sulfur Battery Ageing on Second-Life Possibilities and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Studies. Energies 2019, 12, 2440 .

AMA Style

Deidre Wolff, Lluc Canals Casals, Gabriela Benveniste, Cristina Corchero, Lluís Trilla. The Effects of Lithium Sulfur Battery Ageing on Second-Life Possibilities and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Studies. Energies. 2019; 12 (12):2440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deidre Wolff; Lluc Canals Casals; Gabriela Benveniste; Cristina Corchero; Lluís Trilla. 2019. "The Effects of Lithium Sulfur Battery Ageing on Second-Life Possibilities and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Studies." Energies 12, no. 12: 2440.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The electric vehicle is presented as an environmental friendly alternative to common vehicles and as the future of transportation. However, car manufacturers consider that electric vehicle batteries are not useful for traction purposes when they reach a state of health of 80%. Thus, as a matter of fact, these batteries are sold knowing that they have a premature obsolescence, as they still have 80% of useful capacity that could be used elsewhere. This study analyzes economically and in terms of ageing performance the possibility to provide a second life to these batteries in buildings. The study presents several scenarios depending on the battery use, considering independent buildings or getting closer to the concept of smart grid with demand response services where buildings could participate in secondary electricity markets by means of an energy aggregator. Moreover, the study analyzes the existing European markets that allow aggregated demand response services. Results show that, effectively, the reuse of batteries for residential purposes might not be the best economical option even though their lifespan is enlarged four years more. Nonetheless, if they are able to participate in secondary electricity markets in addition to their normal use in buildings, the business becomes juicy enough having a relatively low impact on ageing. The promotion of electric vehicle battery reuse is necessary, as there is a large amount of batteries with a huge useful potential in stationary applications coming in the nearby future from the electric vehicles that have been sold during the last five years. If possible, car manufacturers should consider eco-design in order to facilitate this battery repurposing and lifespan enlargement.

ACS Style

Lluc Canals Casals; Mattia Barbero; Cristina Corchero. Reused second life batteries for aggregated demand response services. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 212, 99 -108.

AMA Style

Lluc Canals Casals, Mattia Barbero, Cristina Corchero. Reused second life batteries for aggregated demand response services. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 212 ():99-108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lluc Canals Casals; Mattia Barbero; Cristina Corchero. 2018. "Reused second life batteries for aggregated demand response services." Journal of Cleaner Production 212, no. : 99-108.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Road transportation is heading towards electrification using Li-ion batteries to power electric vehicles offering eight or ten years' warrant. After that, batteries are considered inappropriate for traction services but they still have 80% of its original capacity. On the other hand, energy storage devices will have an important role in the electricity market. Being Li-ion batteries still too expensive to provide such services with economic profit, the idea to reuse affordable electric vehicle batteries for a 2nd life originated the Sunbatt project, connecting the automotive and electricity sectors. The battery reuse is, by itself, a path towards sustainability, but the cleanliness of energy storage also depends on the electricity generation power sources and the battery ageing or lifespan. This paper analyses the rest of useful life of 2nd life batteries on four different stationary applications, which are: Support to fast electric vehicle charges, self-consumption, area regulation and transmission deferral. To do so, it takes advantage of an equivalent electric battery-ageing model that simulates the battery capacity fade through its use. This model runs on Matlab and includes several ageing mechanisms, such as calendar ageing, C-rate, Depth-of-Discharge, temperature and voltage. Results show that 2nd life battery lifespan clearly depends on its use, going from about 30 years in fast electric vehicle charge support applications to around 6 years in area regulation grid services. Additionally, this study analyses the day-to-day emissions from electricity generation in Spain, and states that grid oriented energy storage applications will hardly offer environmental benefits in the nearby future. On the other hand, applications that go by the hand of renewable power sources, such as self-consumption applications, are much more appropriate.

ACS Style

Lluc Canals Casals; B. Amante García; Camille Canal. Second life batteries lifespan: Rest of useful life and environmental analysis. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 232, 354 -363.

AMA Style

Lluc Canals Casals, B. Amante García, Camille Canal. Second life batteries lifespan: Rest of useful life and environmental analysis. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 232 ():354-363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lluc Canals Casals; B. Amante García; Camille Canal. 2018. "Second life batteries lifespan: Rest of useful life and environmental analysis." Journal of Environmental Management 232, no. : 354-363.

Conference paper
Published: 31 October 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Smart buildings are a key element to walk towards smart cities and grids. Nonetheless, there are several degrees of intelligence. A first step is to incorporate commercial self-consumption solutions in buildings so they can manage the energy from local renewable power generators. A second step is to substitute this commercial solutions with an optimized Energy Management System (EMS) to reduce the electricity bill at the end of the month. Further. This EMS may contribute to stabilize and improve the quality and emissions of the electricity grid by offering some energy flexibility to the electricity system in favour of decentralization. This study compares the battery aging between buildings that count with an EMS to optimize the electricity bill under three scenarios in contrast to those that have a simple self-consumption kit. Lithium ion battery lifespan is estimated by means of an electric equivalent battery circuit model that runs on Matlab and simulates its behaviour through time. Moreover, this study evaluates the distribution of the battery costs regarding its use, observing that batteries controlled by simple self-consumption kits have longer lifespan because they are underused, ending up in higher calendar aging costs than the ones that are controlled by EMS.

ACS Style

Lluc Canals Casals; Lucía Igualada; Cristina Corchero. The effect of building energy management systems on battery aging. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 61, 00014 .

AMA Style

Lluc Canals Casals, Lucía Igualada, Cristina Corchero. The effect of building energy management systems on battery aging. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 61 ():00014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lluc Canals Casals; Lucía Igualada; Cristina Corchero. 2018. "The effect of building energy management systems on battery aging." E3S Web of Conferences 61, no. : 00014.

Conference paper
Published: 27 September 2018 in Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering
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There has been an intensive research and development focus on lithium-ion batteries, which have revolutionized the electric vehicle market due to the batteries’ high energy and power density, longer lifespan, and increased safety than comparable rechargeable battery technologies. The performance of lithium-ion batteries is achieved by packaging design, electrolyte, and electrodes material’s selection. This study focuses on cathode materials as they currently need to overcome critical challenges. In fact, cathode materials affect energy density, rate capability and working voltage that led to the cathode currently costing twice as much as the anode. For this reason, this study reviews cathode materials for electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries under economic and environmental perspectives to optimize the batteries’ structures and properties. Findings reveal that presently there is no commercially installed battery that can satisfy both, economic and environmental concerns while offering an overall excellent performance.

ACS Style

Robert Reinhardt; B. Amante García; Lluc Canals Casals; S. Gassó Domingo. A Critical Evaluation of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2018, 99 -110.

AMA Style

Robert Reinhardt, B. Amante García, Lluc Canals Casals, S. Gassó Domingo. A Critical Evaluation of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2018; ():99-110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert Reinhardt; B. Amante García; Lluc Canals Casals; S. Gassó Domingo. 2018. "A Critical Evaluation of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 99-110.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Research towards renewable energy sources is of great relevance in the pursue of environmental impact reduction and to decrease the dependency on fossil fuels. In high solar irradiation locations, the use of Concentrating Solar Power technologies might be a good alternative in front of other power sources. This study presents how multi-criteria methods such as the weighted technical analysis are useful to select the best heat transfer fluid to be used in a relatively small Concentration Solar Power plant in the Burkina Faso. To do so it analyzes three aspects, the technical performance of thermal fluids, their environmental impact and their price, giving them different weights to confer more or less relevance according to the idiosyncrasy of the region. To do the technical analysis, this study simulates the heat gain and temperature increase of four heat transfer fluids while passing through a solar parabolic trough. The environmental impact factor is evaluated following the life cycle assessment methodology and the economic factor compares their price in the market. Results show that Dowtherm A is the best choice for Burkina Faso and Marlotherm is the worst, but these results change considerably if the comparison is done in the USA, where the environmental factor gains relevance in contrast to the economic factor.

ACS Style

Noelia Olmedo-Torre; Lluc Canals Casals; Beatriz Amante García. Sustainable design of a thermosolar electricity generation power plant in Burkina Faso. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 226, 428 -436.

AMA Style

Noelia Olmedo-Torre, Lluc Canals Casals, Beatriz Amante García. Sustainable design of a thermosolar electricity generation power plant in Burkina Faso. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 226 ():428-436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noelia Olmedo-Torre; Lluc Canals Casals; Beatriz Amante García. 2018. "Sustainable design of a thermosolar electricity generation power plant in Burkina Faso." Journal of Environmental Management 226, no. : 428-436.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The market share in electric vehicles (EV) is increasing. This trend is likely to continue due to the increased interest in reducing CO2 emissions. The electric vehicle market evolution depends principally on the evolution of batteries capacity. As a consequence, automobile manufacturers focus their efforts on launching in the market EVs capable to compete with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) in both performance and economic aspects. Although EVs are suitable for the day-to-day needs of the typical urban driver, their range is still lower than ICEV, because batteries are not able to store and supply enough energy to the vehicle and provide the same autonomy as ICEV. EV use mostly Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries but this technology is reaching its theoretical limit (200-250 Wh/kg). Although the research to improve Li-ion batteries is very active, other researches began to investigate alternative electrochemical energy storage systems with higher energy density. At present, the most promising technology is the Lithium-Sulphur (Li-S) battery. This paper presents a review of the state of art of Li-Sulphur battery on EVs compared to Li-ion ones, considering technical, modelling, environmental and economic aspects with the aim of depicting the challenges this technology has to overcome to substitute Li-ion in the near future. This study shows how the main drawbacks for Li-S concern are durability, self-discharge and battery modelling. However, from an environmental and economic point of view, Li-S technology presents many advantages over Li-ion.

ACS Style

G. Benveniste; H. Rallo; L. Canals Casals; A. Merino; B. Amante. Comparison of the state of Lithium-Sulphur and lithium-ion batteries applied to electromobility. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 226, 1 -12.

AMA Style

G. Benveniste, H. Rallo, L. Canals Casals, A. Merino, B. Amante. Comparison of the state of Lithium-Sulphur and lithium-ion batteries applied to electromobility. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 226 ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Benveniste; H. Rallo; L. Canals Casals; A. Merino; B. Amante. 2018. "Comparison of the state of Lithium-Sulphur and lithium-ion batteries applied to electromobility." Journal of Environmental Management 226, no. : 1-12.