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Prof. Dr. J.M. Lynch
Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom

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0 Climate Change
0 Forestry
0 Microbiology
0 Soil
0 Sustainability Management

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Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The main aim of the new agricultural scheme, Environmental Land Management, in England is to reward landowners based on their provision of ‘public goods’ while achieving the goals of the 25 Year Environment Plan and commitment to net zero emission by 2050. Earth Observation (EO) satellites appear to offer an unprecedented opportunity in the process of monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of this scheme. In this study, we worked with ecologists to determine the habitat–species relationships for five wildlife species in the Surrey Hills ‘Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty’ (AONB), and this information was used to examine the extent to which EO satellite imagery, particularly very high resolution (VHR) imagery, could be used for habitat assessment, via visual interpretation and automated methods. We show that EO satellite products at 10 m resolution and other geospatial datasets enabled the identification and location of broadly suitable habitat for these species and the use of VHR imagery (at 1–4 m spatial resolution) allowed valuable insights for remote assessment of habitat qualities and quantity. Hence, at a fine scale, we obtained additional habitats such as scrub, hedges, field margins, woodland and tree characteristics, and agricultural practices that offer an effective source of information for sustainable land management. The opportunities and limitations of this study are discussed, and we conclude that there is considerable scope for it to offer valuable information for land management decision-making and as support and evidence for MRV for incentive schemes.

ACS Style

Ana Andries; Richard J. Murphy; Stephen Morse; Jim Lynch. Earth Observation for Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification within Environmental Land Management Policy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9105 .

AMA Style

Ana Andries, Richard J. Murphy, Stephen Morse, Jim Lynch. Earth Observation for Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification within Environmental Land Management Policy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Andries; Richard J. Murphy; Stephen Morse; Jim Lynch. 2021. "Earth Observation for Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification within Environmental Land Management Policy." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9105.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2020 in Sustainability
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This paper presents the results of research designed to explore the challenges involved in the use of Earth Observation (EO) data to support environmental management Brazil. While much has been written about the technology and applications of EO, the perspective of end-users of EO data and their needs has been under-explored in the literature. A total of 53 key informants in Brasilia and the cities of Rio Branco and Cuiaba were interviewed regarding their current use and experience of EO data and the expressed challenges that they face. The research builds upon a conceptual model which illustrates the main steps and limitations in the flow of EO data and information for use in the management of land use and land cover (LULC) in Brazil. The current paper analyzes and ranks, by relative importance, the factors that users identify as limiting their use of EO. The most important limiting factor for the end-user was the lack of personnel, followed by political and economic context, data management, innovation, infrastructure and IT, technical capacity to use and process EO data, bureaucracy, limitations associated with access to high-resolution data, and access to ready-to-use product. In general, users expect to access a ready-to-use product, transformed from the raw EO data into usable information. Related to this is the question of whether this processing is best done within an organization or sourced from outside. Our results suggest that, despite the potential of EO data for informing environmental management in Brazil, its use remains constrained by its lack of suitably trained personnel and financial resources, as well as the poor communication between institutions.

ACS Style

Mercio Cerbaro; Stephen Morse; Richard Murphy; Jim Lynch; Geoffrey Griffiths. Challenges in Using Earth Observation (EO) Data to Support Environmental Management in Brazil. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10411 .

AMA Style

Mercio Cerbaro, Stephen Morse, Richard Murphy, Jim Lynch, Geoffrey Griffiths. Challenges in Using Earth Observation (EO) Data to Support Environmental Management in Brazil. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mercio Cerbaro; Stephen Morse; Richard Murphy; Jim Lynch; Geoffrey Griffiths. 2020. "Challenges in Using Earth Observation (EO) Data to Support Environmental Management in Brazil." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10411.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Planet Earth is under severe stress from several inter-linked factors mainly associated with rising global population, linear resource consumption, security of resources, unsurmountable waste generation, and social inequality, which unabated will lead to an unsustainable 21st Century. The traditional way products are designed promotes a linear economy that discards recoverable resources and creates negative environmental and social impacts. Here, we suggest multi-disciplinary approaches encompassing chemistry, process engineering and sustainability science, and sustainable solutions in “game changer” challenges in three intersecting arenas of food: Sustainable diet, valorisation of unavoidable food supply chain wastes, and circularity of food value chain systems aligning with the United Nations’ seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. In the arena of sustainable diet, comprehensive life cycle assessment using the global life cycle inventory datasets and recommended daily servings is conducted to rank food choices, covering all food groups from fresh fruits/vegetables, lentils/pulses and grains to livestock, with regard to health and the environment, to emphasise the essence of plant-based diet, especially plant-based sources of protein, for holistic systemic sustainability and stability of the earth system. In the arena of unavoidable food supply chain wastes, economically feasible and synergistically (energy and material) integrated innovative biorefinery systems are suggested to transform unavoidable food waste into functional and platform chemical productions alongside energy vectors: Fuel or combined heat and power generation. In the arena of circularity of food value chain systems, novel materials and methods for plant-based protein functionalisation for food/nutraceutical applications are investigated using regenerative bio-surfactants from unavoidable food waste. This circular economy or industrial symbiosis example thus combines the other two arenas, i.e., plant-based protein sourcing and unavoidable food waste valorisation. The multi-disciplinary analysis here will eventually impact on policies for dietary change, but also contribute knowledge needed by industry and policy makers and raise awareness amongst the population at large for making a better approach to the circular economy of food.

ACS Style

Jhuma Sadhukhan; Tom I. J. Dugmore; Avtar Matharu; Elias Martinez-Hernandez; Jorge Aburto; Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman; Jim Lynch. Perspectives on “Game Changer” Global Challenges for Sustainable 21st Century: Plant-Based Diet, Unavoidable Food Waste Biorefining, and Circular Economy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1976 .

AMA Style

Jhuma Sadhukhan, Tom I. J. Dugmore, Avtar Matharu, Elias Martinez-Hernandez, Jorge Aburto, Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman, Jim Lynch. Perspectives on “Game Changer” Global Challenges for Sustainable 21st Century: Plant-Based Diet, Unavoidable Food Waste Biorefining, and Circular Economy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1976.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jhuma Sadhukhan; Tom I. J. Dugmore; Avtar Matharu; Elias Martinez-Hernandez; Jorge Aburto; Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman; Jim Lynch. 2020. "Perspectives on “Game Changer” Global Challenges for Sustainable 21st Century: Plant-Based Diet, Unavoidable Food Waste Biorefining, and Circular Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1976.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2020 in Sustainability
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Brazil has some of the world’s most important forest and natural ecosystem resources and their sustainability is of global importance. The expansion of agriculture for livestock, the extractive industries, illegal logging, land conflicts, fire and deforestation are pressures on land use and drivers of land use change in many regions of Brazil. While different institutions in Brazil have sought to use Earth Observation (EO) data to support better land use management and conservation projects, several problems remain at the national and state level in the implementation of EO to support environmental policies and services provided to Brazilian society. This paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of the key challenges in using EO data in land management in Brazil and summarises them in a conceptual model of the factors influencing EO data use for assessing sustainable land use and land cover in Brazil. The research was based on a series of in-depth, semi-structured interviews (43) and structured interviews (53) with key stakeholders who make use of EO data across different locations in Brazil. The major challenges identified in the complex and multifaceted aspects of using this information were associated with access to, and with the processing of, raw data into usable information. The analysis also revealed novel insights on a lack of inter-institutional communication, adequate office infrastructure and personnel, availability of the right type of EO data and funding restrictions, political instability and bureaucracy as factors that limit more effective use of EO data in Brazil at present. We close this analysis by considering how EO information for the sustainable management of land use and land cover can assist institutions as they respond to the varied political and economic instabilities affecting environmental governance and deforestation levels.

ACS Style

Mercio Cerbaro; Stephen Morse; Richard Murphy; Jim Lynch; Geoffrey Griffiths. Information from Earth Observation for the Management of Sustainable Land Use and Land Cover in Brazil: An Analysis of User Needs. Sustainability 2020, 12, 489 .

AMA Style

Mercio Cerbaro, Stephen Morse, Richard Murphy, Jim Lynch, Geoffrey Griffiths. Information from Earth Observation for the Management of Sustainable Land Use and Land Cover in Brazil: An Analysis of User Needs. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):489.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mercio Cerbaro; Stephen Morse; Richard Murphy; Jim Lynch; Geoffrey Griffiths. 2020. "Information from Earth Observation for the Management of Sustainable Land Use and Land Cover in Brazil: An Analysis of User Needs." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 489.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2019 in Sustainability
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In 2015, member countries of the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the Sustainable Development Summit in New York. These global goals have 169 targets and 232 indicators based on the three pillars of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. However, substantial challenges remain in obtaining data of the required quality and quantity to populate these indicators efficiently. One promising and innovative way of addressing this issue is to use Earth observation (EO). The research reported here updates our original work to develop a Maturity Matrix Framework (MMF) for assessing the suitability of EO-derived data for populating the SDG indicators, with a special focus on those indicators covering the more social and economic dimensions of sustainable development, as these have been under-explored in terms of the contribution that can be made by EO. The advanced MMF 2.0 framework set out in this paper is based on a wide consultation with EO and indicator experts (semi-structured interviews with 38 respondents). This paper provides detail of the evolved structure of MMF 2.0 and illustrates its use for one of the SDG indicators (Indicator 11.1.1). The revised MMF is then applied to published work covering the full suite of SDG indicators and demonstrates that EO can make an important contribution to providing data relevant to a substantial number of the SDG indicators.

ACS Style

Ana Andries; Stephen Morse; Richard Murphy; Jim Lynch; Emma Woolliams. Seeing Sustainability from Space: Using Earth Observation Data to Populate the UN Sustainable Development Goal Indicators. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5062 .

AMA Style

Ana Andries, Stephen Morse, Richard Murphy, Jim Lynch, Emma Woolliams. Seeing Sustainability from Space: Using Earth Observation Data to Populate the UN Sustainable Development Goal Indicators. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):5062.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Andries; Stephen Morse; Richard Murphy; Jim Lynch; Emma Woolliams. 2019. "Seeing Sustainability from Space: Using Earth Observation Data to Populate the UN Sustainable Development Goal Indicators." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 5062.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2013 in Nature
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Illegal logging threatens tropical forests and carbon stocks. Governments must\ud work together to build an early warning system, say Jim Lynch and colleagues.Peer-reviewedPost-prin

ACS Style

Jim Lynch; Mark Maslin; Heiko Balzter; Martin Sweeting. Choose satellites to monitor deforestation. Nature 2013, 496, 293 -294.

AMA Style

Jim Lynch, Mark Maslin, Heiko Balzter, Martin Sweeting. Choose satellites to monitor deforestation. Nature. 2013; 496 (7445):293-294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jim Lynch; Mark Maslin; Heiko Balzter; Martin Sweeting. 2013. "Choose satellites to monitor deforestation." Nature 496, no. 7445: 293-294.

Feature
Published: 01 April 2011 in The Biochemist
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Traditionally, biomass such as wood has been used for cooking and heating purposes. The oil crises of the 1970s, however, prompted interest in biomass to produce liquid biofuels and replace fossilbased transport fuels. Subsequent falls in oil prices evaporated much of the incentive and stalled the momentum to expand biofuel production in most countries, but recent years have seen a resurgence of interest, this time prompted by energy supply security, oil price volatility and the new driver: climate change mitigation. As a result, biofuel programmes have proliferated around the world, driven by mandates, targets and subsidies, whilst investment in the development of advanced biofuel technologies has racked up. And, as before, biofuels as an alternative to fossil-based transport fuel, gaseous or liquid, has been emphasized. The 2003 EU Biofuels Directive, for example, targets a 5.75% share of biofuels in transport energy by 2010 and 10% by 2020. However, biofuels can also be used to efficiently produce both heat and power in decentralized production systems based on combined heat and power (CHP) engines. Indeed, whereas transport accounted for nearly one-third of final energy consumption in the EU-27 countries in 2008, heat and electricity account for two-thirds of final consumption (Figure 1).

ACS Style

Jim Lynch; Patricia J. Harvey. Opportunities and problems of Bioenergy: The future. The Biochemist 2011, 33, 39 -43.

AMA Style

Jim Lynch, Patricia J. Harvey. Opportunities and problems of Bioenergy: The future. The Biochemist. 2011; 33 (2):39-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jim Lynch; Patricia J. Harvey. 2011. "Opportunities and problems of Bioenergy: The future." The Biochemist 33, no. 2: 39-43.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2008 in Waste Management
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Some concepts of sustainability applied to soils are given in relation to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Co-operative Research Programme ‘Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems’. The application of these concepts to climate change will be discussed in relation to seven high-profile papers published over the past 12 months. It is argued that multi-disciplinary (including social science) approaches are needed to address the issues. There is also a brief discussion on biomass energy in terms of soil sustainability and climate change.

ACS Style

J.M. Lynch; J.S. Schepers. Soils, climate change and the OECD. Waste Management 2008, 28, 673 -677.

AMA Style

J.M. Lynch, J.S. Schepers. Soils, climate change and the OECD. Waste Management. 2008; 28 (4):673-677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.M. Lynch; J.S. Schepers. 2008. "Soils, climate change and the OECD." Waste Management 28, no. 4: 673-677.

Book review
Published: 18 January 2008 in Forest Policy and Economics
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ACS Style

Jim Lynch. Forestry and Environmental Change: Socioeconomic and Political Dimensions, J.L. Innes, G.M. Hickey, H.F. Hoen (Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford (2005), vii+ 265 pp. Forest Policy and Economics 2008, 10, 271 -272.

AMA Style

Jim Lynch. Forestry and Environmental Change: Socioeconomic and Political Dimensions, J.L. Innes, G.M. Hickey, H.F. Hoen (Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford (2005), vii+ 265 pp. Forest Policy and Economics. 2008; 10 (4):271-272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jim Lynch. 2008. "Forestry and Environmental Change: Socioeconomic and Political Dimensions, J.L. Innes, G.M. Hickey, H.F. Hoen (Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford (2005), vii+ 265 pp." Forest Policy and Economics 10, no. 4: 271-272.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2003 in Enzyme and Microbial Technology
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A biochemical characterisation of the rhodanese enzyme in different strains of Trichoderma was carried out in this study. The predominantly extracellular activity of this enzyme from Trichoderma was evaluated and the kinetics of the rhodanese enzyme reaction, including pH and temperature profiles, were assessed. Studies on the rhodanese enzyme from other systems have been compared with the results of this study. The kinetics of rhodanese in certain Fusarium strains, previously reported to degrade cyanides, were also analysed and compared to the enzyme from the Trichoderma. The rhodanese enzyme in all the Trichoderma strains demonstrated a broad pH optimum generally in the range from 8.5 to 11.5, along with a wide temperature optimum of 35–55 °C. The KmCN and Vmax values ranged from 7 to 16 mM and from 0.069 to 0.093 μmole ml−1 min−1 mg protein−1, respectively, between the selected strains of Trichoderma.

ACS Style

Mufaddal I Ezzi; Jose A Pascual; Barry J Gould; James M Lynch. Characterisation of the rhodanese enzyme in Trichoderma spp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 2003, 32, 629 -634.

AMA Style

Mufaddal I Ezzi, Jose A Pascual, Barry J Gould, James M Lynch. Characterisation of the rhodanese enzyme in Trichoderma spp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2003; 32 (5):629-634.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mufaddal I Ezzi; Jose A Pascual; Barry J Gould; James M Lynch. 2003. "Characterisation of the rhodanese enzyme in Trichoderma spp." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 32, no. 5: 629-634.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2002 in Enzyme and Microbial Technology
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An investigation was made into the occurrence and distribution of the enzymes involved in HCN catabolism in different strains of the fungus Trichoderma. Three enzymes, cyanide hydratase, rhodanese and β-cyanoalanine synthase were studied. All the strains showed a high capacity to degrade cyanide via both the cyanide hydratase and rhodanese pathways. β-Cyanoalanine synthase, however, was not observed in any of the strains. The enzyme activities were found in varying levels in each of the Trichoderma strains. Experiments conducted with cyanide addition to the medium to assess whether the enzymes were induced in the presence of cyanide failed to show any statistically significant increase. This suggests a constitutive nature of both the enzymes in all the selected strains of Trichoderma used in this study.

ACS Style

Mufaddal I Ezzi; James M Lynch. Cyanide catabolizing enzymes in Trichoderma spp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 2002, 31, 1042 -1047.

AMA Style

Mufaddal I Ezzi, James M Lynch. Cyanide catabolizing enzymes in Trichoderma spp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2002; 31 (7):1042-1047.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mufaddal I Ezzi; James M Lynch. 2002. "Cyanide catabolizing enzymes in Trichoderma spp." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 31, no. 7: 1042-1047.

Book review
Published: 28 February 2002 in Crop Protection
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ACS Style

J.M. Lynch. Biological Control: Measures of Success, G. Gurr, S. Wratten (Eds.): Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordecht, 429+vi pp, £122-50, ISBN 0-412-84280-7. Crop Protection 2002, 21, 79 .

AMA Style

J.M. Lynch. Biological Control: Measures of Success, G. Gurr, S. Wratten (Eds.): Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordecht, 429+vi pp, £122-50, ISBN 0-412-84280-7. Crop Protection. 2002; 21 (1):79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.M. Lynch. 2002. "Biological Control: Measures of Success, G. Gurr, S. Wratten (Eds.): Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordecht, 429+vi pp, £122-50, ISBN 0-412-84280-7." Crop Protection 21, no. 1: 79.

Book review
Published: 28 February 2002 in Crop Protection
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ACS Style

J.M. Lynch. Biocontrol Potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture, Volume 1 Crop Diseases, Weeds and Nematodes. R.K. Upadhyay, K.G. Mukerji, B.P. Chamola (Eds.): Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 294+xii pp, £86-25, ISBN 0-306-46460-8. Crop Protection 2002, 21, 79 -80.

AMA Style

J.M. Lynch. Biocontrol Potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture, Volume 1 Crop Diseases, Weeds and Nematodes. R.K. Upadhyay, K.G. Mukerji, B.P. Chamola (Eds.): Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 294+xii pp, £86-25, ISBN 0-306-46460-8. Crop Protection. 2002; 21 (1):79-80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.M. Lynch. 2002. "Biocontrol Potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture, Volume 1 Crop Diseases, Weeds and Nematodes. R.K. Upadhyay, K.G. Mukerji, B.P. Chamola (Eds.): Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 294+xii pp, £86-25, ISBN 0-306-46460-8." Crop Protection 21, no. 1: 79-80.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2001 in Journal of Applied Microbiology
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D.C. NASEBY, J.A. PASCUAL and J.M. LYNCH.2000.Five strains of Trichoderma with known biocontrol activities were assessed for their effect upon pea growth and their antagonistic activity against large Pythium ultimum inocula. The effect of Trichoderma inocula upon the indigenous soil microflora and soil enzyme activities in the presence and absence of Pythium is assessed. In the absence of Pythium, Trichoderma strain N47 significantly increased the wet shoot weight by 15% but did not significantly affect the dry weight, whilst strains T4 and N47 significantly increased the root weights by 22% and 8% respectively. Strains TH1 and N47 resulted in significantly greater root lengths. Pythium inoculation significantly reduced the root length and the number of lateral roots and nodules, and significantly increased the root and rhizosphere soil fungal populations. Pythium inoculation significantly reduced the plant wet and dry shoot weights and significantly increased the wet and the dry shoot/root ratio. All the Trichoderma strains reduced the number of lesions caused by Pythium and increased the number of lateral roots. The effect of the Pythium on emergence and shoot growth was significantly reduced by all the Trichoderma strains except strain To10. Inoculation with Trichoderma strains TH1 and T4 resulted in significantly greater wet root weights (62% and 57%, respectively) in the presence of Pythium compared to the Pythium control. Strain N47 significantly increased the shoot/root ratio compared to the Pythium control. Inoculation with Trichoderma strains T4, T12 and N47 significantly reduced Pythium populations. Pythium increased the activity of C, N and P cycle enzymes, whilst four Trichoderma strains reduced this effect, indicating reduced plant damage and C leakage. Overall, strains T4 and N47 had the greatest beneficial characteristics, as both these strains improved plant growth in the absence of Pythium and reduced plant damage in the presence of Pythium. The dual properties of these strains improve the commercial application, giving them an advantage over single action inocula, especially in the absence of plant pathogens.

ACS Style

D. C. Naseby; Jose Pascual; J. M. Lynch. Effect of biocontrol strains of Trichoderma on plant growth, Pythium ultimum populations, soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2001, 88, 161 -169.

AMA Style

D. C. Naseby, Jose Pascual, J. M. Lynch. Effect of biocontrol strains of Trichoderma on plant growth, Pythium ultimum populations, soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2001; 88 (1):161-169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. C. Naseby; Jose Pascual; J. M. Lynch. 2001. "Effect of biocontrol strains of Trichoderma on plant growth, Pythium ultimum populations, soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities." Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, no. 1: 161-169.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2001 in Enzyme and Microbial Technology
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ACS Style

D.N. Howbrook; J.M. Lynch; N.J. Bainton. An oxidative stress-responsive biosensor: responses to hydrogen peroxide generated by an extracellular enzyme. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 2001, 29, 521 -526.

AMA Style

D.N. Howbrook, J.M. Lynch, N.J. Bainton. An oxidative stress-responsive biosensor: responses to hydrogen peroxide generated by an extracellular enzyme. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2001; 29 (8-9):521-526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D.N. Howbrook; J.M. Lynch; N.J. Bainton. 2001. "An oxidative stress-responsive biosensor: responses to hydrogen peroxide generated by an extracellular enzyme." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 29, no. 8-9: 521-526.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2001 in Letters in Applied Microbiology
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The effect of copper on the degradation by soil micro-organisms of phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was investigated.

ACS Style

J. Sokhn; F.A.A.M. De Leij; T.D. Hart; J.M. Lynch. Effect of copper on the degradation of phenanthrene by soil micro-organisms. Letters in Applied Microbiology 2001, 33, 164 -168.

AMA Style

J. Sokhn, F.A.A.M. De Leij, T.D. Hart, J.M. Lynch. Effect of copper on the degradation of phenanthrene by soil micro-organisms. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2001; 33 (2):164-168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Sokhn; F.A.A.M. De Leij; T.D. Hart; J.M. Lynch. 2001. "Effect of copper on the degradation of phenanthrene by soil micro-organisms." Letters in Applied Microbiology 33, no. 2: 164-168.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2001 in Journal of Applied Microbiology
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To investigate the effect of flow rate and inoculation order on plasmid transfer frequency between bacteria in a model rhizosphere system.

ACS Style

D.A. Pearce; M.J. Bazin; J.M. Lynch. The impact of flow rate (simulated leaching) on plasmid transfer frequency between bacteria in a model rhizosphere system. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2001, 90, 953 -961.

AMA Style

D.A. Pearce, M.J. Bazin, J.M. Lynch. The impact of flow rate (simulated leaching) on plasmid transfer frequency between bacteria in a model rhizosphere system. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2001; 90 (6):953-961.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D.A. Pearce; M.J. Bazin; J.M. Lynch. 2001. "The impact of flow rate (simulated leaching) on plasmid transfer frequency between bacteria in a model rhizosphere system." Journal of Applied Microbiology 90, no. 6: 953-961.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2001 in Enzyme and Microbial Technology
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In accordance with the theory of contact exchange, it is hypothesized that the presence of negative charge in microbial exopolysaccharides increases the rate of cation transport. These typically acidic materials may provide a fast-track for the diffusion of nutrient cations through the polymer layer for uptake at the organism cell surface. We have measured the diffusion coefficient of a model cation, Mn2+, through xanthan, de-acetylated xanthan, scleroglucan and chitosan using spatially resolved NMR relaxometry. The concentration of Mn2+ in solution was measured by recording the change in the spin-spin (T2) relaxation time of water 1H over time in compartments either side of a polymer layer. This approach provides a sensitive, in situ, non-invasive method of measuring the rate of diffusion of paramagnetic cations through hydrophilic polysaccharides. The negatively-charged polysaccharides, xanthan and de-acetylated xanthan, permitted a significantly faster rate (2–2.5×) of cation transport compared to the uncharged polymer, scleroglucan. The positively-charged polysaccharide chitosan reduced the rate of Mn2+ diffusion to around half the value obtained for scleroglucan. These results suggest that the presence and nature of fixed charges on the polysaccharide molecule affects the rate of cation transport in accordance with the theory of contact exchange. The presence of negative charge on microbial exopolysaccharides may thus improve the availability of nutrient cations at the organism cell surface.

ACS Style

T.D Hart; R.J Hill; P.M Glover; J.M Lynch; A.H.L Chamberlain. Effect of a range of microbial polysaccharides on the diffusion of manganese ions using spatially resolved NMR relaxometry. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 2001, 28, 370 -375.

AMA Style

T.D Hart, R.J Hill, P.M Glover, J.M Lynch, A.H.L Chamberlain. Effect of a range of microbial polysaccharides on the diffusion of manganese ions using spatially resolved NMR relaxometry. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2001; 28 (4-5):370-375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T.D Hart; R.J Hill; P.M Glover; J.M Lynch; A.H.L Chamberlain. 2001. "Effect of a range of microbial polysaccharides on the diffusion of manganese ions using spatially resolved NMR relaxometry." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 28, no. 4-5: 370-375.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2001 in Journal of Applied Microbiology
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Four well-described strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens were assessed for their effect on pea growth and their antagonistic activity against large Pythium ultimum inocula.

ACS Style

D.C. Naseby; J.A. Way; N.J. Bainton; J.M. Lynch. Biocontrol of Pythium in the pea rhizosphere by antifungal metabolite producing and non-producing Pseudomonas strains. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2001, 90, 421 -429.

AMA Style

D.C. Naseby, J.A. Way, N.J. Bainton, J.M. Lynch. Biocontrol of Pythium in the pea rhizosphere by antifungal metabolite producing and non-producing Pseudomonas strains. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2001; 90 (3):421-429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D.C. Naseby; J.A. Way; N.J. Bainton; J.M. Lynch. 2001. "Biocontrol of Pythium in the pea rhizosphere by antifungal metabolite producing and non-producing Pseudomonas strains." Journal of Applied Microbiology 90, no. 3: 421-429.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 1998 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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An isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens (SBW25) was modified with different marker genes ( lacZY , aph-1 , and xylE ). These marker genes were inserted singly or in combination into two separate (1 Mbp apart) and presumably nonessential sites (-6- and Ee) on the chromosome of SBW25. This allowed the production of a range of genetically modified SBW25 variants that differed with respect to insertion site of the marker genes and metabolic burden. The environmental fitness of the different SBW25 variants was tested in soil, in the rhizosphere of wheat and pea, and on the phylloplane of wheat. Reduced environmental fitness of the different variants was mainly attributed to the extra metabolic burden of novel gene expression, whereas choice of insertion site was of little significance. Changes in environmental fitness were dependent on the environmental conditions; an environment, such as soil, with a low microbial carrying capacity had a negative effect on the environmental fitness of variants with a large metabolic load. In environments with a larger carrying capacity, such as the rhizosphere of pea, environmental fitness of variants with a large metabolic load was not significantly different from that of variants with a smaller metabolic burden.

ACS Style

Frans A. A. M. De Leij; Catherine E. Thomas; Mark J. Bailey; John M. Whipps; James M. Lynch. Effect of Insertion Site and Metabolic Load on the Environmental Fitness of a Genetically Modified Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolate. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1998, 64, 2634 -2638.

AMA Style

Frans A. A. M. De Leij, Catherine E. Thomas, Mark J. Bailey, John M. Whipps, James M. Lynch. Effect of Insertion Site and Metabolic Load on the Environmental Fitness of a Genetically Modified Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolate. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1998; 64 (7):2634-2638.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frans A. A. M. De Leij; Catherine E. Thomas; Mark J. Bailey; John M. Whipps; James M. Lynch. 1998. "Effect of Insertion Site and Metabolic Load on the Environmental Fitness of a Genetically Modified Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolate." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 7: 2634-2638.