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Water stress is one of the primary environmental factors that limits terrestrial ecosystems’ productivity. Hense, the way to quantify gobal vegetation productivity’s vulnerability under water stress and reveal its seasonal dynamics in response to drought is of great significance in mitigating and adapting to global changes. Here, we estimated monthly gross primary productivity (GPP) first based on light-use efficiency (LUE) models for 1982–2015. GPP’s response time to water availability can be determined by correlating the monthly GPP series with the multiple timescale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Thereafter, we developed an optimal bivariate probabilistic model to derive the vegetation productivity loss probabilities under different drought scenarios using the copula method. The results showed that LUE models have a good fit and estimate GPP well (R2 exceeded 0.7). GPP is expected to decrease in 71.91% of the global land vegetation area because of increases in radiation and temperature and decreases in soil moisture during drought periods. Largely, we found that vegetation productivity and water availability are correlated positively globally. The vegetation productivity in arid and semiarid areas depends considerably upon water availability compared to that in humid and semi-humid areas. Weak drought resistance often characterizes the land cover types that water availability influences more. In addition, under the scenario of the same level of GPP damage with different drought degrees, as droughts increase in severity, GPP loss probabilities increase as well. Further, under the same drought severity with different levels of GPP damage, drought’s effect on GPP loss probabilities weaken gradually as the GPP damage level increaes. Similar patterns were observed in different seasons. Our results showed that arid and semiarid areas have higher conditional probabilities of vegetation productivity losses under different drought scenarios.
Yuan Zhang; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Yongzhe Chen; Xiaofeng Wang. Satellite-Observed Global Terrestrial Vegetation Production in Response to Water Availability. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1289 .
AMA StyleYuan Zhang, XiaoMing Feng, Bojie Fu, Yongzhe Chen, Xiaofeng Wang. Satellite-Observed Global Terrestrial Vegetation Production in Response to Water Availability. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (7):1289.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan Zhang; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Yongzhe Chen; Xiaofeng Wang. 2021. "Satellite-Observed Global Terrestrial Vegetation Production in Response to Water Availability." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7: 1289.
Extensive ecosystem restoration is increasingly seen as an essential practice to mitigate climate change and protect the ecological environment. However, the indirect impact of surface vegetation improvement on the regional climate, such as the climate effect of sand-dust events reduction, has never been evaluated. Here, we estimated the feedback of temperature and precipitation on the change of sand-dust events, arising from the vegetation growth with ecological restoration, using a simple theoretical framework with a series of scenario simulations based on a regional climate model (RegCM). The results showed that revegetation reduced dust emissions, with a contribution rate of approximately 40.15%. With the combined influence of ecological restoration and climate change, the cooling effect of sand-dust events strengthened with the increase in the intensity of sand-dust events, which is mainly caused by the strong absorption of shortwave radiation by the atmosphere. The response of precipitation was uncertain because of tropospheric circulation feedback and shortwave radiation absorption. Our results also indicate that changes in sand-dust events caused by vegetation restoration play important roles in shaping the future climate near the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. The climatic effects of sand-dust events should be included in assessing ecological restoration impacts to promote sustainable development and enhance our understanding of climate change.
Chaowei Zhou; XiaoMing Feng; Yichu Huang; Xiaofeng Wang; Xinrong Zhang. The Indirect Impact of Surface Vegetation Improvement on the Climate Response of Sand-Dust Events in Northern China. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 339 .
AMA StyleChaowei Zhou, XiaoMing Feng, Yichu Huang, Xiaofeng Wang, Xinrong Zhang. The Indirect Impact of Surface Vegetation Improvement on the Climate Response of Sand-Dust Events in Northern China. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (3):339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaowei Zhou; XiaoMing Feng; Yichu Huang; Xiaofeng Wang; Xinrong Zhang. 2021. "The Indirect Impact of Surface Vegetation Improvement on the Climate Response of Sand-Dust Events in Northern China." Atmosphere 12, no. 3: 339.
Water resources are a basic need for social sustainable development and human existence. As an important national strategy for water resources security, spatial and temporal patterns and driving mechanisms of water yield ecosystem services on the Qingzang Plateau (QP) are critical for water resources management, optimal water allocation and the improvement of ecological water protection efficiency. However, only a few relevant studies are currently available. In this study, we simulated the water yield (WY) of the QP over 34 years, from 1982 to 2015, using the InVEST model and analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamic relationships between WY and climate change as well as between WY and vegetation change, using geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The results showed that: 1) from 1982 to 2015, the WY of the QP increased at an average rate of 3.8 mm/yr; 2) WY presented a reduced spatial pattern from southeast to northwest; and 3) the WY driving factors have individual and spatial differences. In terms of the area percentage in promoting WY when analyzing each driving factor, precipitation (99.8%) and air pressure (53.3%) played the major roles in promoting WY, while temperature (71.9%), wind speed (57.2%), net primary productivity (87.2%), radiation (68.3%) and lake (87.7%) played negative roles. The areas where WY are dominated by temperature are the largest (41.1%), and followed by areas dominated by pressure (19.7%) and precipitation (18.5%). The results of this study provide scientific support for formulating regional water resources policy, social and economic development planning and other macro decisions for the QP.
Xiaofeng Wang; Bingyang Chu; XiaoMing Feng; Yuehao Li; Bojie Fu; Shirong Liu; Jiming Jin. Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of water yield services on the Qingzang Plateau. Geography and Sustainability 2021, 2, 31 -39.
AMA StyleXiaofeng Wang, Bingyang Chu, XiaoMing Feng, Yuehao Li, Bojie Fu, Shirong Liu, Jiming Jin. Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of water yield services on the Qingzang Plateau. Geography and Sustainability. 2021; 2 (1):31-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaofeng Wang; Bingyang Chu; XiaoMing Feng; Yuehao Li; Bojie Fu; Shirong Liu; Jiming Jin. 2021. "Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of water yield services on the Qingzang Plateau." Geography and Sustainability 2, no. 1: 31-39.
Soil moisture is an important variable linking the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. However, long-term satellite monitoring of surface soil moisture at the global scale needs improvement. In this study, we conducted data calibration and data fusion of 11 well-acknowledged microwave remote-sensing soil moisture products since 2003 through a neural network approach, with Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) soil moisture data applied as the primary training target. The training efficiency was high (R2=0.95) due to the selection of nine quality impact factors of microwave soil moisture products and the complicated organizational structure of multiple neural networks (five rounds of iterative simulations, eight substeps, 67 independent neural networks, and more than 1 million localized subnetworks). Then, we developed the global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture dataset (RSSSM) covering 2003–2018 at 0.1∘ resolution. The temporal resolution is approximately 10 d, meaning that three data records are obtained within a month, for days 1–10, 11–20, and from the 21st to the last day of that month. RSSSM is proven comparable to the in situ surface soil moisture measurements of the International Soil Moisture Network sites (overall R2 and RMSE values of 0.42 and 0.087 m3 m−3), while the overall R2 and RMSE values for the existing popular similar products are usually within the ranges of 0.31–0.41 and 0.095–0.142 m3 m−3), respectively. RSSSM generally presents advantages over other products in arid and relatively cold areas, which is probably because of the difficulty in simulating the impacts of thawing and transient precipitation on soil moisture, and during the growing seasons. Moreover, the persistent high quality during 2003–2018 as well as the complete spatial coverage ensure the applicability of RSSSM to studies on both the spatial and temporal patterns (e.g. long-term trend). RSSSM data suggest an increase in the global mean surface soil moisture. Moreover, without considering the deserts and rainforests, the surface soil moisture loss on consecutive rainless days is highest in summer over the low latitudes (30∘ S–30∘ N) but mostly in winter over the mid-latitudes (30–60∘ N, 30–60∘ S). Notably, the error propagation is well controlled with the extension of the simulation period to the past, indicating that the data fusion algorithm proposed here will be more meaningful in the future when more advanced microwave sensors become operational. RSSSM data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912597 (Chen, 2020).
Yongzhe Chen; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu. An improved global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture (RSSSM) dataset covering 2003–2018. Earth System Science Data 2021, 13, 1 -31.
AMA StyleYongzhe Chen, XiaoMing Feng, Bojie Fu. An improved global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture (RSSSM) dataset covering 2003–2018. Earth System Science Data. 2021; 13 (1):1-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongzhe Chen; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu. 2021. "An improved global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture (RSSSM) dataset covering 2003–2018." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 1: 1-31.
Fine monitoring of tree species is essential to supporting the urban forest management. Data acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) not only have very high spatiotemporal resolution, but also contain the vertical structure of trees which is important in the fine recognition of vegetation types. However, the research of combining multi-dimensional features in classification is still very limited. In our study, we extracted the spectral information, vegetation morphological parameters, texture information, and vegetation indexes based on UAV ultrahigh resolution images to build an object-oriented-based random forest (RF) classifier at the single tree scale. Establishing 6 classification scenarios that combines multiple data sources, multi-dimensional features, and multiple classification algorithms, our results show that: (1) UAV images can effectively detect surface fragments. The accuracy of RF classification based on UAV multiple features was high at 91.3 %, which was 20.5 % higher than the results by using high-resolution Baidu maps; (2) for mapping the tree species of urban forest, tree morphological characteristics, texture information, and vegetation indexes improved the classification accuracy by 2.9 %, 1.9 %, and 7.1 %, respectively, resulting in meaningful improvement of classification effects; and (3) the accuracy of RF classification based on UAV data was much higher than the maximum likelihood classification (MLC) results. Compared with the latter, the former can effectively avoid salt and pepper noise. The workflow of information extraction and urban forest classification based on UAV images in this paper yields high performance, which has important significance as a reference for future relevant research.
Xiaofeng Wang; Yi Wang; Chaowei Zhou; Lichang Yin; XiaoMing Feng. Urban forest monitoring based on multiple features at the single tree scale by UAV. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2020, 58, 126958 .
AMA StyleXiaofeng Wang, Yi Wang, Chaowei Zhou, Lichang Yin, XiaoMing Feng. Urban forest monitoring based on multiple features at the single tree scale by UAV. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2020; 58 ():126958.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaofeng Wang; Yi Wang; Chaowei Zhou; Lichang Yin; XiaoMing Feng. 2020. "Urban forest monitoring based on multiple features at the single tree scale by UAV." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 58, no. : 126958.
In response to the potential water conflict caused by climate change and increased population, an integrated water yield analysis from the perspective of the coupled human-natural system is clearly required. This paper conducted an integrated water yield analysis in the Yellow River basin (YRB), China, with applications for irrigated cropland water modeling and many field, statistical and satellite images. We found the following during 2000-2017: (1) The irrigation water consumption, rain-fed water consumption of cropland and rain-fed water consumption of natural ecosystems all increased significantly. (2) Ecological restoration caused a consequence of the 81.7 108 m3 water consumption transfer from cropland to natural ecosystems. (3) Water consumption variability was strongly related to irrigation expansion and ecological restoration, and this variability dominated the high water yield variability in the midstream YRB (95.73% ±0.5%). (4) The increased downstream human water use stress was mainly affected by increased downstream water use and upstream water yield change, with contribution ratios of 1.67 and -0.72, respectively. The study declares the intense relationship between ecological restoration, crop production and socioeconomic activities within the water-limited river basin. This research also highlights that synthetic river basin management is essential to balance the water demand between different sectors and between the upper stream and downstream sections of a basin.
Lichang Yin; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Shuai Wang; Xiaofeng Wang; Yongzhe Chen; Fulu Tao; Jian Hu. A coupled human-natural system analysis of water yield in the Yellow River basin, China. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 762, 143141 .
AMA StyleLichang Yin, XiaoMing Feng, Bojie Fu, Shuai Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Yongzhe Chen, Fulu Tao, Jian Hu. A coupled human-natural system analysis of water yield in the Yellow River basin, China. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 762 ():143141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichang Yin; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Shuai Wang; Xiaofeng Wang; Yongzhe Chen; Fulu Tao; Jian Hu. 2020. "A coupled human-natural system analysis of water yield in the Yellow River basin, China." Science of The Total Environment 762, no. : 143141.
Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is important in understanding the hydrological cycle and improving water resource management. The operational simplified surface energy balance (SSEBop) model can be set up quickly for the routine monitoring of ET. Several studies have suggested that the SSEBop model, which can simulate ET, has performed inconsistently across the United States. There are few detailed studies on the evaluation of ET simulated by SSEBop in other regions. To explore the potential and application scope of the SSEBop model, more evaluation of the ET simulated by SSEBop is clearly needed. We calculated the SSEBop-model-based ET (ETSSEBopYRB) with land surface temperature product of MOD11A2 and climate variables as inputs for the Yellow River Basin (YRB), China. We also compared the ETSSEBopYRB with eight coarse resolution ET products, including China ETMTE, produced using the upscaling energy flux method; China ETCR, which is generated using the non-linear complementary relationship model; three global products based on the Penman–Monteith logic (ETPMLv2, ETMODIS, and ETBESS), two global ET products based on the surface energy balance (ETSEBS, ETSSEBopGlo), and integrated ET products based on the Bayesian model averaging method (ETGLASS), using the annual ET data derived from the water balance method (WB-ET) for fourteen catchments. We found that ETSSEBopYRB and the other eight ET products were able to explain 23 to 52% of the variability in the water balance ET for fourteen small catchments in the YRB. ETSSEBopYRB had a better agreement with WB-ET than ETSEBS, ETMODIS, ETCR, and ETGLASS, with lower RMSE (88.3 mm yr−1 vs. 121.7 mm yr−1), higher R2 (0.49 vs. 0.43), and lower absolute RPE (−3.3% vs. –19.9%) values for the years 2003–2015. We also found that the uncertainties of the spatial patterns of the average annual ET values and the ET trends were still large for different ET products. Third, we found that the free global ET product derived from the SSEBop model (ETSSEBopGlo) highly underestimated the annual total ET trend for the YRB. The poor performance of the land surface temperature product of MOD11A2 in 2015 caused the large ETSSEBopYRB uncertainty at eight-day and monthly scales. Further evaluation of ET based on the SSEBop model for site measurements is needed.
Lichang Yin; Xiaofeng Wang; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Yongzhe Chen. A Comparison of SSEBop-Model-Based Evapotranspiration with Eight Evapotranspiration Products in the Yellow River Basin, China. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2528 .
AMA StyleLichang Yin, Xiaofeng Wang, XiaoMing Feng, Bojie Fu, Yongzhe Chen. A Comparison of SSEBop-Model-Based Evapotranspiration with Eight Evapotranspiration Products in the Yellow River Basin, China. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (16):2528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichang Yin; Xiaofeng Wang; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Yongzhe Chen. 2020. "A Comparison of SSEBop-Model-Based Evapotranspiration with Eight Evapotranspiration Products in the Yellow River Basin, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16: 2528.
Recent global changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) and associated freshwater availability raise major concerns about the sustainability of global water resources. However, our knowledge regarding the long-term trends in TWS and its components is still not well documented. In this study, we characterize the spatiotemporal variations in TWS and its components over the Asian and eastern European regions from April 2002 to June 2017 based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations, land surface model simulations, and precipitation observations. The connections of TWS and global major teleconnections (TCs) are also discussed. The results indicate a widespread decline in TWS during 2002–2017, and five hotspots of TWS negative trends were identified with trends between −8.94 and −21.79 mm yr−1. TWS partitioning suggests that these negative trends are primarily attributed to the intensive over-extraction of groundwater and warmth-induced surface water loss, but the contributions of each hydrological component vary among hotspots. The results also indicate that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation are the three largest dominant factors controlling the variations in TWS through the covariability effect on climate variables. However, seasonal results suggest a divergent response of hydrological components to TCs among seasons and hotspots. Our findings provide insights into changes in TWS and its components over the Asian and eastern European regions, where there is a growing demand for food grains and water supplies.
Xianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Philippe Ciais; Bojie Fu. Widespread decline in terrestrial water storage and its link to teleconnections across Asia and eastern Europe. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2020, 24, 3663 -3676.
AMA StyleXianfeng Liu, XiaoMing Feng, Philippe Ciais, Bojie Fu. Widespread decline in terrestrial water storage and its link to teleconnections across Asia and eastern Europe. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2020; 24 (7):3663-3676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Philippe Ciais; Bojie Fu. 2020. "Widespread decline in terrestrial water storage and its link to teleconnections across Asia and eastern Europe." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 7: 3663-3676.
Quantifying and mapping regional and global irrigation water consumption have attracted considerable attention from researchers. The existing models cannot accurately estimate the long-term sequence of irrigation water consumption at the regional scale. Despite being among the countries with the largest irrigated areas, China has not been specifically evaluated in terms of high-resolution long-term irrigation water consumption. In this paper, an irrigated cropland water model incorporating irrigated cropland mapping, the soil water balance equation, irrigated crop phenology, and partitioning evapotranspiration products was developed to fill the knowledge gap. We found that (1) the mean annual total irrigation water consumption of irrigated cropland in China during 1982–2015 was approximately 179.43 ± 24.60 km3. (2) The continued expansion of irrigated farmland dominated (67.2% ± 5.6%) the significant increase in annual total irrigation water consumption (slope=2.03 km3 yr−1, p<0.01), followed by changes in crop management practices (16.7% ± 6.1%), and the impacts of interannual climatic variability (represented by precipitation and potential evapotranspiration in this research) were weak. (3) The annual total irrigation water consumption in the arid zone increased quicker than that in wet regions.
Lichang Yin; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Yongzhe Chen; Xiaofeng Wang; Fulu Tao. Irrigation water consumption of irrigated cropland and its dominant factor in China from 1982 to 2015. Advances in Water Resources 2020, 143, 103661 .
AMA StyleLichang Yin, XiaoMing Feng, Bojie Fu, Yongzhe Chen, Xiaofeng Wang, Fulu Tao. Irrigation water consumption of irrigated cropland and its dominant factor in China from 1982 to 2015. Advances in Water Resources. 2020; 143 ():103661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichang Yin; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Yongzhe Chen; Xiaofeng Wang; Fulu Tao. 2020. "Irrigation water consumption of irrigated cropland and its dominant factor in China from 1982 to 2015." Advances in Water Resources 143, no. : 103661.
The frequency of recurrence of drought has major societal, economical, and environmental impacts. However, our ability to capture drought conditions accurately are limited due to the uncertainties in current drought indices. In the present study, we proposed a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) total water storage (TWS) based drought severity index (DSI) using the detrended GRACE-TWS time series, to eliminate the effect of non-climatic factors on drought estimation and reflect true drought conditions. Based on the improved GRACE-DSI, we characterized the drought conditions over major basins in China during 2002–2017. Our results indicate that the improved GRACE-DSI can reasonably capture the drought process compared to existing non-detrended GRACE-based drought indices. The observed behavior of GRACE-DSI time series agrees reasonably well with the Palmer drought severity index, standardized precipitation index, and standardized runoff index, although differences exist due to intrinsic differences in the indicators of drought. Spatially, the Yellow River Basin, Huai River Basin, Hai River Basin, Southwest River Basin, and Continental River Basin share a similar pattern with droughts prevailing after 2013, and with both increases in duration and severity of the drought episodes. Moreover, pixel-based drought assessment also suggests an increasing trend in drought frequency in most basins in China during the GRACE era, with a prominent drought event in the Southwest River Basin beginning in April 2015 and ending in May 2016, with a severity of -25.38 and affecting 39.47 % of the total basin area. Our analyses demonstrate that the proposed GRACE-DSI can serve as a useful tool for integrated drought monitoring and provide a better understanding of drought conditions in major basins in China during 2002–2017.
Xianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Philippe Ciais; Bojie Fu; Baoyi Hu; Zhangli Sun. GRACE satellite-based drought index indicating increased impact of drought over major basins in China during 2002–2017. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2020, 291, 108057 .
AMA StyleXianfeng Liu, XiaoMing Feng, Philippe Ciais, Bojie Fu, Baoyi Hu, Zhangli Sun. GRACE satellite-based drought index indicating increased impact of drought over major basins in China during 2002–2017. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2020; 291 ():108057.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Philippe Ciais; Bojie Fu; Baoyi Hu; Zhangli Sun. 2020. "GRACE satellite-based drought index indicating increased impact of drought over major basins in China during 2002–2017." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 291, no. : 108057.
Drylands account for 41% of the world’s terrestrial surface, affect more than two billion people, and play a crucial role in global circulation and even global climate change. Therefore, the investigation of agricultural expansion and land degradation regions is a critical part of understanding the human-land coupling systems in dryland ecosystems. The specific distributions of agricultural expansion or land degradation in arid areas were obtained by using three indicators of global Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) data, in which expanding agriculture is usually characterized by tree canopy (TC) loss and short vegetation (SV) gain, while land degradation is characterized by a decrease in short vegetation and an increase in bare ground (BG). Assessing the partial correlation of natural or socioeconomic factors and indicators of agricultural expansion or land degradation while the structural equation model was established, we found that (1) the vegetation situation in the global arid region is relatively stable, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value in the Asian arid region is increasing annually; (2) precipitation in the global arid region has a highly positive correlation with TC and a highly negative correlation with BG, while temperature is strongly correlated with SV except in arid areas; (3) both agricultural expansion and land degradation regions are dominated by natural factors, especially temperature; and (4) the control of socioeconomic factors is not closely related to the original land use/cover types in dryland regions.
Xuejing Leng; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu. Driving forces of agricultural expansion and land degradation indicated by Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) data in drylands from 2000 to 2015. Global Ecology and Conservation 2020, 23, e01087 .
AMA StyleXuejing Leng, XiaoMing Feng, Bojie Fu. Driving forces of agricultural expansion and land degradation indicated by Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) data in drylands from 2000 to 2015. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2020; 23 ():e01087.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXuejing Leng; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu. 2020. "Driving forces of agricultural expansion and land degradation indicated by Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) data in drylands from 2000 to 2015." Global Ecology and Conservation 23, no. : e01087.
Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of trade-offs and synergies among multiple ecosystem services (ESs) is the basis of sustainable ecosystem management. The ecological environment of valley basins is very fragile, while bearing the enormous pressure of economic development and population growth, which has damaged the balance of the ecosystem structure and ecosystem services. In this study, we selected two typical valley basins—Guanzhong Basin and Hanzhong Basin—as study areas. The spatial heterogeneity of trade-offs and synergies among multiple ESs (net primary production (NPP), habitat quality (HQ), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and food supply (FS)) were quantified using the correlation analysis and spatial overlay based on the gird scale to quantitatively analyze and compare the interaction among ESs in two basins. Our results found that: (1) Trade-offs between FS and other four services NPP, HQ, SC, and WC were discovered in two basins, and there were synergistic relationships between NPP, HQ, SC, and WC. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the conflicted relationships between paired ESs gradually increased, and the synergistic relationship became weaker. Furthermore, the rate of change in Guanzhong Basin was stronger than that in Hanzhong Basin. (3) The spatial synergies and trade-offs between NPP and HQ, WC and NPP, FS and HQ, SC and FS were widespread in two basins. The strong trade-offs between pair ESs were widly distributed in the central and southwest of Guanzhong Basin and the southeast of Hanzhong Basin. (4) Multiple ecosystem service interactions were concentrated in the north of Qinling Mountain, the central of Guanzhong Basins, and the east of Hanzhong Basin. Our research highlights the importance of taking spatial perspective and accounting for multiple ecosystem service interactions, and provide a reliable basis for achieving ecological sustainable development of the valley basin.
Yijie Sun; Jing Li; Xianfeng Liu; Zhiyuan Ren; Zixiang Zhou; Yifang Duan. Spatially Explicit Analysis of Trade-Offs and Synergies among Multiple Ecosystem Services in Shaanxi Valley Basins. Forests 2020, 11, 209 .
AMA StyleYijie Sun, Jing Li, Xianfeng Liu, Zhiyuan Ren, Zixiang Zhou, Yifang Duan. Spatially Explicit Analysis of Trade-Offs and Synergies among Multiple Ecosystem Services in Shaanxi Valley Basins. Forests. 2020; 11 (2):209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYijie Sun; Jing Li; Xianfeng Liu; Zhiyuan Ren; Zixiang Zhou; Yifang Duan. 2020. "Spatially Explicit Analysis of Trade-Offs and Synergies among Multiple Ecosystem Services in Shaanxi Valley Basins." Forests 11, no. 2: 209.
Various payment for ecosystem services (PES) programmes are becoming very common across the globe due to ever-strengthening conservation policies and aspirations for socio-ecological sustainability. Nevertheless, quantifying the performance of PES at large spatial scales remains very challenging. Here, a biophysically-based indicator approach is formulated to assess the effectiveness of a new large-scale PES program in China. Structural equation modelling was also used to reveal the possible landscape features that might impact the effectiveness of the PES. The results suggested the overall effectiveness of the PES implementation, but the effectiveness suggested by the analysis tended to decrease with increasingly fine spatial scales from the whole PES implementing region down to 100 km2 grids. The selected landscape features combined to explain 27% of the variability in the effectiveness of the PES programme. The spatial scale and landscape dependency of the effectiveness of PES could provide new insight to support the planning and adaptive management of large PES programmes.
Yihe Lü; Ting Li; Charlotte Whitham; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Yuan Zeng; Bingfang Wu; Jian Hu. Scale and landscape features matter for understanding the performance of large payments for ecosystem services. Landscape and Urban Planning 2020, 197, 103764 .
AMA StyleYihe Lü, Ting Li, Charlotte Whitham, XiaoMing Feng, Bojie Fu, Yuan Zeng, Bingfang Wu, Jian Hu. Scale and landscape features matter for understanding the performance of large payments for ecosystem services. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2020; 197 ():103764.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYihe Lü; Ting Li; Charlotte Whitham; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu; Yuan Zeng; Bingfang Wu; Jian Hu. 2020. "Scale and landscape features matter for understanding the performance of large payments for ecosystem services." Landscape and Urban Planning 197, no. : 103764.
Yijie Sun; Xianfeng Liu; Zhiyuan Ren; Yifang Duan. Spatiotemporal changes of droughts and heatwaves on the Loess Plateau during 1960-2016. Progress in Geography 2020, 39, 591 -601.
AMA StyleYijie Sun, Xianfeng Liu, Zhiyuan Ren, Yifang Duan. Spatiotemporal changes of droughts and heatwaves on the Loess Plateau during 1960-2016. Progress in Geography. 2020; 39 (4):591-601.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYijie Sun; Xianfeng Liu; Zhiyuan Ren; Yifang Duan. 2020. "Spatiotemporal changes of droughts and heatwaves on the Loess Plateau during 1960-2016." Progress in Geography 39, no. 4: 591-601.
Reliable drought monitoring is critical for evaluating drought risk and reducing potential agricultural losses. However, many existing drought indices developed by a single indicator may not properly describe the complex features of agricultural drought. Here, we propose a new drought index—the integrated agricultural drought index (IDI), which describes the relationship between multiple variables and agricultural drought conditions. The derivation of IDI is based on the remote sensing data and the back-propagation (BP) neural network, capable of identifying the non-stationary relationship of drought conditions. Development of IDI involves the following meteo-hydrological variables: precipitation, land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil water capacity, and elevation. The lagging effect of NDVI with respect to precipitation and LST changes can also be captured by the proposed IDI. Our results indicate that the IDI based on a machine learning method can relax the assumption used in many existing indices that the input and output data are linearly correlated. Results also demonstrate that the IDI is close to SPI-3 and SPEI-3 in a case study of the North China Plain (NCP). Moreover, we found the drought condition in the NCP area is highly correlated with 10 cm depth soil moisture at 8 agrometeorological stations and the newly developed IDI can effectively monitor the drought in terms of onset, duration, extent, and intensity of a drought episode. Additionally, the IDI provides spatial information about root zone soil moisture that can facilitate agricultural drought monitoring. The proposed framework of IDI can also be applied in other regions of the world for agriculture management.
Xianfeng Liu; Xiufang Zhu; Qiang Zhang; Tiantian Yang; Yaozhong Pan; Peng Sun. A remote sensing and artificial neural network-based integrated agricultural drought index: Index development and applications. CATENA 2019, 186, 104394 .
AMA StyleXianfeng Liu, Xiufang Zhu, Qiang Zhang, Tiantian Yang, Yaozhong Pan, Peng Sun. A remote sensing and artificial neural network-based integrated agricultural drought index: Index development and applications. CATENA. 2019; 186 ():104394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfeng Liu; Xiufang Zhu; Qiang Zhang; Tiantian Yang; Yaozhong Pan; Peng Sun. 2019. "A remote sensing and artificial neural network-based integrated agricultural drought index: Index development and applications." CATENA 186, no. : 104394.
For trees in the east from 1980 to 2001 and after 2001 and trees in the west from 1980 to 2001, younger trees responded to precipitation and older trees responded to temperature more strongly. Global warming has now persisted for more than 100 years, but an unusual pause in this rising temperature began in the 2000s, at least for the climate of China. This shift presents an unusual opportunity to investigate possible differences in the radial growth of trees during a climate warming period (1980–2001) and the warming hiatus (after 2001) for different age groups under different moisture conditions. We sampled a total of 304 tree-ring cores of Picea crassifolia in the eastern and western Qilian Mountains, which were divided into four age groups for study. The results indicate that trees of the young group and half-mature group in the wetter eastern region showed insignificant growth trend, while all trees in the drier west showed significant growth reduction related to climate warming. Radial growth of trees in the east showed weak correlation with precipitation, and that in the west positively correlated with precipitation from the previous August–September and current May–June from 1980 to 2001. In contrast, trees in the east positively correlated with precipitation from the previous August–September and current July, and those in the west positively correlated with precipitation from the current April–May during the temperature pause after 2001. Trees in the east showed negative correlation with temperature in the winter dormancy period, and those in the west negatively correlated with temperature from the previous July, November and the current June from 1980 to 2001. Trees in both the east and west showed weak correlations with temperature after 2001. Older trees (> 150 years old) showed a weaker response to precipitation than the younger trees (< 150 years old). In the east, older trees responded to temperature more weakly during the period of climate warming; while in the west, older trees responded to temperature more strongly. If the temperature begins to rise again as it did before 2001, trees in the western region, especially older trees, will suffer more from warming than those in the eastern region. Consequently, older trees in the western Qilian Mountains should be the subject of greater oversight with respect to forest management and protection.
Lingnan Zhang; Rui Wang; Xianfeng Liu; Yilin Ran; Shu Shang; Xiaohong Liu. Age- and region-related response of radial growth to climate warming and a warming hiatus. Trees 2019, 34, 199 -212.
AMA StyleLingnan Zhang, Rui Wang, Xianfeng Liu, Yilin Ran, Shu Shang, Xiaohong Liu. Age- and region-related response of radial growth to climate warming and a warming hiatus. Trees. 2019; 34 (1):199-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLingnan Zhang; Rui Wang; Xianfeng Liu; Yilin Ran; Shu Shang; Xiaohong Liu. 2019. "Age- and region-related response of radial growth to climate warming and a warming hiatus." Trees 34, no. 1: 199-212.
Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE), defined as the ratio between gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET), is an indicator of the tradeoff between carbon assimilation and water loss that is controlled by climate and ecosystem structure. However, how GPP and ET impact WUE remains poorly understood. In this study, we provide a global analysis of WUE trends from 1982 to 2011 using multi-model ensemble mean WUE values derived from seven process-based carbon cycle models and investigate the relative effects of leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture (SM), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on GPP and ET. Increasing WUE trend was derived for all models, with an average rate of 0.0057 ± 0.0018 g C·kg−1 H2O·yr−1 (p = 0.00), with a spatially increasing WUE across ~84% of the global land area, and increasing trends which are statistically significant over ~72% (p < 0.05). Spatially, GPP primarily dominated WUE variability in humid regions, i.e., boreal Eurasia, eastern America, and the tropics, whereas ET dominated WUE variability in dryland regions, i.e., northeast China, the Middle East, southern South America, and South Australia. Soil moisture is likely the most influential factor on GPP and ET variations, with ~63% and ~61% of the global land area dominated by SM, and therefore WUE, for GPP and ET respectively from 1982 to 2011. Our findings enrich the understanding of WUE trends and provide direct evidence for SM-induced variability in WUE.
Xianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu. Changes in global terrestrial ecosystem water use efficiency are closely related to soil moisture. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 698, 134165 .
AMA StyleXianfeng Liu, XiaoMing Feng, Bojie Fu. Changes in global terrestrial ecosystem water use efficiency are closely related to soil moisture. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 698 ():134165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Bojie Fu. 2019. "Changes in global terrestrial ecosystem water use efficiency are closely related to soil moisture." Science of The Total Environment 698, no. : 134165.
Xianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Philippe Ciais; Bojie Fu. Supplementary material to "Widespread Decline in Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Link to Teleconnections across Asia and Eastern Europe". 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleXianfeng Liu, XiaoMing Feng, Philippe Ciais, Bojie Fu. Supplementary material to "Widespread Decline in Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Link to Teleconnections across Asia and Eastern Europe". . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Philippe Ciais; Bojie Fu. 2019. "Supplementary material to "Widespread Decline in Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Link to Teleconnections across Asia and Eastern Europe"." , no. : 1.
Recent global changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) and associated freshwater availability raise major concerns over the sustainability of global water resources. However, our knowledge regarding the long-term trend in TWS and its components is still not well documented. In this work, we characterize the spatiotemporal variations in TWS and its components over the Asian and Eastern European regions during the period of April 2002 to June 2017 using multiple sources of data, including Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations, land surface model simulations and precipitation observations. The connections of TWS and global major teleconnections (TCs) are also discussed. The results indicate a widespread decline in TWS during 2002–2017, and five hotspots of TWS negative trends were identified with trends between −8.94 mm yr−1 and −21.79 mm yr−1. TWS partitioning suggests that these negative trends are primarily attributed to the intensive overextraction of groundwater and warm-induced surface water loss, but the contributions of each hydrological component vary among hotspots. The results also indicate that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation are the three largest, dominant factors controlling the variations in TWS through the covariability effect on climate variables. However, seasonal results suggest a divergent response of hydrological components to TCs among seasons and hotspots. Our findings provide insights into changes in TWS and its components over the Asian and Eastern European regions, where there is a growing demand for food grains and water supplies.
Xianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Philippe Ciais; Bojie Fu. Widespread Decline in Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Link to Teleconnections across Asia and Eastern Europe. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleXianfeng Liu, XiaoMing Feng, Philippe Ciais, Bojie Fu. Widespread Decline in Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Link to Teleconnections across Asia and Eastern Europe. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfeng Liu; XiaoMing Feng; Philippe Ciais; Bojie Fu. 2019. "Widespread Decline in Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Link to Teleconnections across Asia and Eastern Europe." , no. : 1.
Accurately monitoring vegetation dynamics on the Loess Plateau (LP) is critical for evaluating the benefits of ecological restoration projects. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation index (VI) product has been a primary data source for monitoring vegetation dynamics. However, MODIS Collection 5 (C5) VI products are known to be affected by sensor degradation, which has been addressed in the newly released MODIS Collection 6 (C6) VI products. Herein, we compared the spatiotemporal differences in vegetation dynamics between the Terra MODIS C5 and C6 data products and among different annual value retrieval methods for the LP during 2001–2016. Our results indicated a lower magnitude but a greener trend in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and areas with significant greening (p < 0.050) were found to increase by about 13%–16% from C5 to C6, depending on the retrieval method. Regions with either no particular trend or a downward trend in vegetation derived from the Terra-C5 NDVI mostly showed significant increasing trends based on the Terra-C6 NDVI. Moreover, the different retrieval methods also exhibited differences in the evaluation of vegetation dynamics, with the largest differences in terms of both magnitude and trend being identified with the annual maximum value method. This highlighted a compelling need to choose suitable methods in different regions for the retrieval of annual VI values, in order to facilitate more robust and comparable conclusions. Additionally, discrepancies also existed in the response of vegetation to climate variations between the Terra-C5 and C6 products for all three annual VI retrieval methods. Our findings, based on multiple products and analysis methods, may lead to improved understanding of both vegetation dynamics and their linkage to climate variables. The results suggest that caution be utilized when using only MODIS Terra-C5 products to evaluate vegetation dynamics and calibrate ecosystem models.
Xianfeng Liu; Baoyi Hu; Donghai Zhang. Differences in monitoring vegetation dynamics between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 5 and Collection 6 vegetation index products on the Loess Plateau, China. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2019, 40, 5957 -5972.
AMA StyleXianfeng Liu, Baoyi Hu, Donghai Zhang. Differences in monitoring vegetation dynamics between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 5 and Collection 6 vegetation index products on the Loess Plateau, China. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2019; 40 (15):5957-5972.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfeng Liu; Baoyi Hu; Donghai Zhang. 2019. "Differences in monitoring vegetation dynamics between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 5 and Collection 6 vegetation index products on the Loess Plateau, China." International Journal of Remote Sensing 40, no. 15: 5957-5972.