Mining activities often generate important amounts of extractive waste, and, as a consequence, environmental impacts that affect all factors to a greater or lesser extent. Depending on a variety of variables, the impact can be permanent or temporary, reversible or irreversible, negative or positive. This study conducted research on the status of closure and remediation processes of mining areas in Romania, specifically in the counties of Maramureș, Suceava, Harghita, Alba, Hunedoara and Caraș-Severin. Furthermore, based on the type and level of pollution, the degree of application of remediation techniques for water and soil pollution in the investigated mining areas was studied. From the analysed information, it is evident that although the closure and remediation process started in Romania over 20 years ago, unfortunately, to this day, the technical projects, technical assistance, and execution of closure and remediation works have not yet completely solved the complex environmental issues in the mining sector. Most of the tailing ponds and waste piles of former mines continue to pose permanent specific risks to the environment and the population. This study concludes that the mining sector in Romania, although it has the necessary techniques and technologies for the ecological rehabilitation of degraded lands related to the Extractive Waste Facilities and the elimination of negative impacts on the environment and public health, has not yet been able to fully concretize its remediation efforts.

Mining activities often generate important amounts of extractive waste, and as a consequence, environmental impacts that affects all factors to a greater or lesser extent. Depending on a variety of variables, the impact can be permanent or temporary, reversible or irreversible, negative or positive. This study conducted research on the status of closure and remediation processes of mining areas in Romania, specifically in the counties of Maramureș, Suceava, Harghita, Alba, Hunedoara, and Caraș-Severin. Furthermore, based on the type and level of pollution, the degree of application of remediation techniques for water and soil pollution in the investigated mining areas was studied. From the analysed information, it is evident that although the closure and remediation process started in Romania over 20 years ago, unfortunately, to this day, the technical projects, technical assistance, and execution of closure and remediation works have not yet completely solved the complex environmental issues in the mining sector. Most of the tailing ponds and waste piles of former mines continue to pose permanent specific risk to the environment and the population. This study concludes that the mining sector in Romania, although it has the necessary techniques and technologies for the ecological rehabilitation of degraded lands related to the Extractive Waste Facilities and the elimination of negative impacts on the environment and public health, has not yet been able to fully concretize its remediation efforts.

Following the growing trend of packaging waste quantities, it has become more and more actual the issue of the impact of this waste flow over environment and human health, as a consequence of inappropriate disposal methods and technologies. For this purpose, waste hierarchy must be applied, focusing on waste prevention, prepare for reuse, recycling and recovery, while waste landfilling should be the last available option of management, which corresponds to the highest level of loss and denaturation of resources. The food packaging is not only useful for food protection, but it is key element to attract consumers and to impact their consumption behavior. Food packaging should grow the value of the product that is packed, but also must meet certain requirements for recycling when packaging becomes waste. This is the reason why proper and efficient management of packaging waste is important for environment and human health. The problems generated by the packaging waste have determined governments to take measures for policy improvement, focusing also on other options of management, such as reduction of unnecessary packaging, promotion of packaging reuse and use of alternative packaging materials, in addition to growing the recycling efficiency and gradual ban of single use packaging. This paper presents strategic actions for packaging waste management and reduction, as measures to reduce negative impact of waste on environment and human health, in the context of circular economy. Therefore, reduction of packaging waste inputs to the environment must be tackled as a global multidisciplinary approach priority.

Violeta Monica Radu, Elena Diacu, Mihaela Andreea Moncea, Florina Diana Dumitru, Ana Maria Panait, Petra Ionescu - Numerical Modelling of Pollutant Dispersion in the Lower Danube River