• Lecanosticta spp.now recorded in 44 countries, mostly in the northern hemisphere. • L. acicola has increased its range, now found in 24 out of 26 European countries. • Climate change means L. acicola could affect 74% of Pinus forested area by 2100. • Lecanosticta species were recorded on 70 hosts, including Pinus, Cedrus and Picea. • We explore global BSNB management strategies using European Case studies.