Because of the present ineffective method of soot blowing on a boiler’s heating surface in a coal-fired power plant, and to improve the economic benefit of the boiler in the power plant, weigh the improvement of boiler efficiency and steam loss brought by soot blowing, and ensure the safe operation of the unit, an optimization model of soot blowing on the boiler’s heating surface is established. Taking the economizer of the 300 MW coal-fired power plant unit as the research object, the measurement data and basic thermodynamic calculation data of the Distributed Control System (DCS) of the thermal power plant are used to calculate the fouling rate of the heated surface in real time. By analyzing the multi-group fouling rate under the same working conditions, the incremental distribution of the same measuring point at different times is obtained, and the expectation is obtained according to the distribution curve. The state of heating of the heated surface at a time in the future is predicted by the known initial cleaning state. By analyzing the trend of the fouling rate and combining the soot blowing optimization model, a set of soot blowing optimization strategies are proposed. The method proposed in this manuscript can be applied to the guidance of boiler soot blowing operation.