The transcendence of the COVID-19 pandemic in education has transformed the way students use information and communication technologies (ICT) to take virtual classes since the closure of universities, so this research aims to describe how students in the School of Administrative Sciences at the Autonomous University of Baja California use ICT in times of COVID-19 to take their classes. The results obtained show that ICT management directly and indirectly influences students’ collaborative work, and in a direct way, the responsible use of ICT in the teaching–learning process. It also includes a construct validation of the ICT factor in the teaching–learning process and COVID-19 by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), an analysis procedure in structural equation modeling (SEM).

In the original version of the book, the title of Chapter 13 has been changed from “The Innovation in Manufacturing Areas of Electronics Industry of Mexicali Using PLC” to “The importance of software...

This work shows the need to apply information and communication technologies (ICTs) with a Programming Logic Controller (PLC) to control humidity by remote monitoring in the refrigeration process of an agricultural industry located in the Mexicali Valley of northwestern Mexico, where large amounts of orange are grown in this region of the country. This industry there were automated electronic devices (AEDs) for humidity control in the refrigeration area to prevent the deterioration of this agricultural product, only that the AEDs installed inside the evaluated company, did not operate properly due to the presence of outdoor atmospheric pollution (hydrogen sulfide (H2S)) and oxide sulfur (SO2)), and extreme climates in summer and winter (variations of temperature and relative humidity (RH))in this area of the country, that had an negative effect in indoors environments, and damaged their electrical connections. The principal climatic variables are the temperature and relative humidity (RH). The humidity in the refrigerated room for the orange keep its nutritional and physiological conditions, had to be between 45% and 55%. As AED, did not function properly, the climate inside the agricultural industry was not controlled, causing low and high humidity levels. With indexes below 30% humidity in the refrigerated room, oranges dehydrated and began to wilt, in addition to losing weight that was considered as unfit products for marketing. And at levels greater than 60% humidity, in this agricultural product microorganisms formed and caused rot, considered as a defective product and in both cases causing economic losses. The PLC was used with a wireless system and installed in an isolated room that only specialized personnel could enter if necessary. This was done in this way, to avoid deterioration of their electrical connections and that they did not operate as the AEDs and had adequate humidity control, to constantly maintain adequate humidity in the refrigerated room and avoid the generation of defective products. The research was made out from 2018 to 2019.

La armonización contable gubernamental en Baja California presenta dificultades para identificar oportunamente inconsistencias de momentos contables generadas en distintos sistemas institucionales, lo cual afecta la calidad de la información financiera y limita el análisis presupuestal antes del cierre mensual. Para atender esta necesidad, se desarrolló un sistema de inteligencia de negocios, que integra datos provenientes de dichos sistemas mediante procesos ETL, un repositorio analítico y un modelo dimensional diseñado bajo la metodología Kimball. La solución incorpora un dashboard operativo–estratégico que facilita el monitoreo del presupuesto y la comprensión de los momentos contables mediante visualizaciones, indicadores clave y reglas de validación para detectar variaciones y anomalías antes de su aplicación contable. El estudio empleó un enfoque mixto: el componente cualitativo se basó en observación directa y una entrevista semiestructurada con el área encargada del análisis de inconsistencias, mientras que el componente cuantitativo consistió en el procesamiento y revisión de los datos institucionales integrados en el repositorio analítico. El desarrollo técnico utilizó Oracle como fuente de datos de los sistemas originadores, MySQL como base para la gestión de acceso y Power BI para la visualización analítica. Los resultados muestran un sistema funcional capaz de centralizar información, mejorar la trazabilidad del registro contable y detectar inconsistencias recurrentes, como: Duplicidad de registro de momentos y descuadres relacionados con el presupuesto, antes del cierre mensual. Se concluye que la implementación de esta solución contribuye a fortalecer la transparencia, la eficiencia operativa y la toma de decisiones informadas en la gestión contable gubernamental.

El presente capítulo examina la convergencia teórico-metodológica entre la Analítica de Redes Sociales (ARS/SNA) y la Innovación Estratégica (IE), a partir de un análisis bibliométrico de co-ocurrencia de palabras clave, coautoría y acoplamiento bibliográfico, realizado con registros indexados en la base Scopus durante el periodo 2020–2025, y procesados mediante el software VOSviewer. Este enfoque permite identificar la evolución del campo hacia una arquitectura de conocimiento interconectada, donde la innovación, los datos y las redes constituyen pilares fundamentales para el desarrollo de ecosistemas científicos y organizacionales sostenibles. El análisis de co-ocurrencia, en trabajos como los de Gandasari et al. (2024), SNA y su desarrollo interdisciplinario, identifican clusters temáticos, núcleos de autores y evolución temática, y muestran que ciertos clusters temáticos no se conectan fuertemente entre sí, lo que evidencia una estructura fragmentada Las temáticas dominantes se agrupan en tres núcleos conceptuales: (1) ecosistemas de innovación y gestión del conocimiento, (2) analítica de redes y gestión de datos para la decisión, y (3) transformación digital, así como colaboración y sostenibilidad. Estos resultados visualizan una tendencia hacia la convergencia entre inteligencia artificial, innovación responsable y resiliencia empresarial.

This work presents a way to optimize the manufacturing processes in a small biomedical industry considered in the micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (SME) group and located in the Mexicali city, using a specialized software that act as design and test of a new model, being the COSIMIR (Cell Oriented Simulation of Industrial Robots) software. With this software was designed a new industrial process in a workstation separated of the main step of a manufacturing line, where are fabricated biomechanical knees pads. The process was made as a manual activity in a work station and had to be separated from the conveyor belt of the main activities, because where previously made by an automatized device that was failing continually and was delaying the delivery to the next steps of the manufacturing processes and to the customers as a final product fabricated in this industry. In this place of the company, an operation was made to organize the biomechanical knee in a plastic container with divisions and to be transported safe and quickly to other area by a conveyor belt with linear process flow. The investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2019.