Literature research on cocreation in healthcare indicates the theoretical sophistication of research on collaboration between healthcare professionals and patients. Our research continues in the new area of Health 4.0. Cocreation has become an essential concept in the value creation process; by involving consumers in the creation process, better results are achieved regarding product quality and alignment with customer expectations and needs. In addition, consumer involvement in the creation process improves its efficiency. Cocreation allows for more efficient diagnosis and treatment of patients, as well as better and more effective use of the skills and experience of the health workforce. Our main objective is to determine the scope and depth of the cocreation of health services based on modern technological solutions (Health 4.0). We selected four cases involving Health 4.0 solutions, verified the scale and scope of cocreation using them as examples, and used the cocreation matrix. We used literature, case studies, and interviews in our research. Our analysis shows that patients can emerge as cocreators in the value creation process in Health 4.0. This can happen when they are genuinely involved in the process and when they feel responsible for the results. The article contributes to the existing theory of service cocreation by pointing out the limited scope of patient involvement in the service management process. For cocreation in Health 4.0 to increase the effectiveness of medical services, it is necessary to implement the full scope of cocreation and meaningfully empower the patient and medical workers in the creation process. This article verifies the theoretical analysis presented in our team’s previous article.

Previous research on co-creation in healthcare indicates that the use of co-creation in the design process of health solutions influences their greater acceptance and adaptation, resulting in greater efficiency of health services and higher usability of implemented health solutions. Analysis of adaptation and acceptance of new technologies reveals the problem of misunderstanding and the need for more trust in modern tools implemented in the healthcare system. The remedy may be the use of co-creation in the process of developing modern medical products and services. This article’s main purpose is to explore the co-creation process in Health 4.0, which is understood as the development of healthcare through the application of methods and tools of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The literature review provided insights for an analytical framework—the co-creation matrix. We analyzed the case of the Italian medical platform Paginemediche.it to reveal the actors’ engagement in co-creation. The results demonstrated different levels of engagement in improving the efficiency of implementing medical and technological solutions. Both theoretical and practical analysis proved that the co-creation matrix helps more precisely define the scale and scope of co-creation in Health 4.0.

The aim of this article is to explore key changes in the mode of operation of Polish social economy organizations (SEOs) that result from a social policy targeted at strengthening their independence and sustainability. The activities of SEOs are largely supported by public institutions, but their opportunities for assistance of capacity building are considered insufficient. Owing to the current policy, not only an economic independence, but also the structure and behavior of supported social organizations, especially in their relations with other stakeholders, can be strengthened. Based on the exploratory analysis on how SOEs change their independence and sustainability as a result of implementation of the public policy, a conceptual model of value co-creation will be used. The model enables analyzing the scope and scale of stakeholder engagement in the development of SEOs. The empirical research was conducted using a survey among 112 Polish social economy organizations. The results of the study show that the market-oriented approach not only reduces the scale of relations between SEOs and their stakeholders but also affects the way SEOs work, transforming them to be more like traditional businesses.

Introduction: The article analyses the differences between developmental and career-oriented climates of students in different types of schools. The theoretical analysis integrates psychological, sociological, neuroscientific and educational theories to show that school climate is an important factor influencing students’ future career success. Research Aim: The objective of this article is to present school climate as a pivotal factor influencing comprehensive student development and to underscore the significance of climate in the context of their prospective careers. Method: The survey was conducted among students in the final years of primary school in three different types of schools. Quantitative analysis (ANOVA and Spearman correlation) was used for the analysis. Results: The research shows that school climate is the factor that most differentiates between private and public school. The research also shows the key role of teachers and the school climate in shaping students’ attitudes and behaviour and in strengthening students’ aspirations for their future careers. The results of the study highlight the possibility of creating different developmental incentives within the same education system, showing that the effectiveness of the system can be increased by incremental changes rather than only by systemic changes. Conclusions: The article proposes the implementation of an educational policy that adopts a holistic approach to education, aligning pedagogical strategies with the goal of increasing students’ career readiness and aspirations.

This article aims to identify the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intentions of young students when the formal education system does not focus on skills. The authors conducted research based on the theory of Planned Behaviour and the concept of entrepreneurial intentions. The research was carried out in three different schools: an urban public school, a rural public school, and an urban private school. The authors studied entrepreneurial intentions among students in the oldest grades from selected schools. The sample selection was purposive, and all students from these schools participated in the study. The authors used statistical analysis, including a log-linear model, to identify significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions. The study showed that personal characteristics and family support are critical factors in shaping entrepreneurial attitudes among students from different types of schools. The authors suggest that addressing the mismatch between the education system and the needs of students and the labor market requires institutional and curricular changes and a reorientation of educational policy. Otherwise, personality traits and the support of significant others, such as family and friends, will continue to determine students’ development and future careers.

Purpose: The article aims to delineate a typology of innovation in social entrepreneurship through a systematic literature review employing the theory, context, characteristics, methodology (TCCM) framework. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted a systematic literature review, identifying 3,295 articles from Web of Science, Scopus and Emerald from 2010 to Q1 2023. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 60 articles for in-depth analysis. Findings: The study categorizes innovations in social entrepreneurship into five major types: outcome-driven, societal and ethical demand, collective and network-based, intensity-focused, and technology and digital innovations. Each type includes various subcategories reflecting different aspects and impacts of innovation in social entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications: The review is limited to articles published in English and available in selected databases. Future research could explore innovations in social entrepreneurship across different languages and databases. Practical implications: The findings offer valuable guidance for social entrepreneurs, policymakers and researchers by providing a clearer understanding of the different types of innovation in social entrepreneurship and their implications. Social implications: The study emphasizes the role of innovation in addressing social and environmental challenges, promoting inclusive growth and driving sustainable development. It highlights how social enterprises can leverage innovation to create social impact. Originality/value: This research provides a novel typology of innovation in social entrepreneurship, filling a gap in the literature by offering a comprehensive framework that integrates various dimensions of innovation.