Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an endocrine disorder with many complications. This syndrome is a growing concern among adolescents around the world, with varying reports of its prevalence in different parts of the world. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, a search for published articles with an English language limitation and without a time limit was done in different databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, Emabse and Cochrane) in January 2019. The 12 studies that met the criteria for entering a qualitative assessment scale of 5 and higher were subjected to systematic review and meta-analysis. Egger and Begg’s tests were used to check the publication bias. Data were analyzed with STATA software, version 11.1. Results: Twelve studies were included for meta-analysis. The total number of participants in the study was 149,477. The average quality score of all studies was 8.67 (range: 5–10). The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents based on the Rotterdam criteria was 11.04% (95% CI: 6.84–16.09%), based on the National Institute of Health criteria, it was 3.39% (95% CI: 0.28–9.54%), and based on Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society, it was 8.03% (95% CI: 6.24–10.01%). Conclusion: The result of this study showed that there is a variation in the prevalence of PCOS in adolescents based on different criteria; we suggest more community-based studies among adolescences in different parts of the world.

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide; early detection can playa key role in reducing the associated morbidity. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the effects ofeducational interventions on cervical cancer screening (CCS) behavior of women. Methods: In this review the Cochranelibrary, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus and search engine of Google scholar were searched for allinterventional studies (trails, pre- and post-test or quasi-experimental) published in 2000-2017 for a systematic review,The search was based on the following keywords: cervix cancer, uterine cervical neoplasms, screening, prevention andcontrol, Papanicolaou Test, pap test, pap smear, education, intervention, systematic review. Due to the heterogeneityof the data, a qualitative analysis was performed. Results: Thirty seven articles with 15,658 female participants indifferent parts of world were included in the review. About three quarters of the articles covered behavior changeinterventions. About one fourth of the articles were based on health education methods. The heath belief model isthe most popular used framework for cervical cancer screening interventions. The results of our study showed thatdifferent health education methods (such as calls, mailed postcards, mother/daughter education. consultation sessions,picture books, videos, PowerPoint slides, small group discussions, educational brochures, radio broadcast education,lecture presentations, tailored counseling and a fact sheet, Self-learning package, face-to- face interviews and etc) areeffective in modifying cervical cancer screening behavior of women. Conclusions: Our results showed that the differentinterventions and health behavior change frameworks provide an effective base for cervical cancer prevention. Heathproviders can chose educational methods based on the particular client situations.

Purpose: In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of infertility in Iran. Materials and Methods: A search of studies was performed in June 2019 on Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Irandoc and Google scholar using keywords related to infertility. The search for articles was limited to those published over the past 20 years in Persian and English languages. In this research, only population-based studies were included. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the overall prevalence of infertility was 7.88%, 95% CI: 5.61-10.51. The prevalence of primary and secondary infertility after sensitivity analyses was 3.09%, 95% CI: 2.27-4.02 and 2.18%, 95% CI: 1.56-2.89, respectively. The slope of meta-regression line showed that the prevalence of primary (P = .7) and secondary infertility (P = .4) is rising with a slow slope in Iran. Conclusion: It is emphasized that the results of this study are related to the areas where investigations have been conducted and that there is high heterogeneity in findings. Given that information is not available in all parts of Iran, a population-based study or the design and implementation of further research is suggested.

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is considered as one of the main problems in women. This review study aimed to characterize the effect of micronutrients on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: In this systematic and meta‐analysis study, the articles were searched at Cochrane library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases. The searching process was conducted with the key terms related to dysmenorrhea and micronutrients. Risk of bias assessment was performed, using Rev Man 5.3 software. In view of the heterogeneity of some of the studies, they were analyzed, using a qualitative method (n=10), and only 6 studies were included in Meta analyze. STATA statistical software version 11 was used for the analysis. Results: In this study, finally 16 clinical trials were investigated. Most micronutrients studied in the relevant articles had anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties with a desirable effect on dysmenorrhea pain relief. Vitamins (K, D, B1, and E) and calcium, magnesium, zinc sulfate and boron contributed effectively to dysmenorrhea pain management. Two months after the intervention, there was a significant mean decrease in the pain score for the vitamin D intervention group (SMD: -1.02, 95% CI: -1.9 to – 0.14, P =0.024) , as well as in the vitamin E intervention group compared to placebo group (SMD: - 0.47,95% CI:-0.74 to – 0.2, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Despite the paucity of related research, the studies indicated the potential effects of micronutrients on reducing the pain severity in primary dysmenorrhea. But more studies are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of various types of micronutrients on primary dysmenorrhea.

Background: Some women avoid sexual intercourse during pregnancy due to the physiological changes they undergo during this period as well as their fear of causing harm to the fetus and to themselves, which can lead to problems in sexual health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a sexual health education package on the dimensions of sexual health in pregnant women. Methods: This randomized, longitudinal, clinical trial was carried out in 2018–2019 on 154 pregnant women in early to late pregnancy who presented to comprehensive health centers in Rasht, Iran, and were divided into three groups: Group A or the training group (50 participants), Group B or the self-training group (53 participants), and Group C or the control group (51 participants). The study tools included the Pregnancy Sexual Response Inventory (PSRI), the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) and the Sexual Violence Questionnaire. The dimensions of sexual health were examined before beginning each intervention in each trimester of pregnancy and then at the end of pregnancy using these questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests, namely the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Cochrane’s test, and the repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean total scores of SQOL-F and PSRI in the three groups at baseline. As for the intergroup results, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of SQOL-F and PSRI at the end of pregnancy. The mean scores of PSRI and SQOL-F in the training group (Group A) increased from the beginning to the end of pregnancy compared to the control and self-training groups. As for the intergroup comparisons, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean total scores of sexual violence among the pregnant women in the different groups in the third trimester of pregnancy and at the end of the third trimester. Although sexual violence was not statistically significant, the number of sexually-violated women in the training group decreased during the training period compared to the self-training and control groups. Conclusion: The results obtained in the intervention group compared to the control group revealed the effectiveness of the sexual health education package in terms of improvement in the dimensions of sexual health. According to the results, in order to maintain and promote the sexual health of pregnant women, health care providers are recommended to offer sexual health training during pregnancy along with other health care services. Trial registration: IRCT20190427043398N1; the trial was registered on June 2, 2019. (retrospective registration).