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Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, variations in temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are antagonistic to plant growth and development, resulting in an overall decrease in plant yield. These stresses have direct effects on the rhizosphere, thus severely affect the root growth, and thereby affecting the overall plant growth, health, and productivity. However, the growth-promoting rhizobacteria that colonize the rhizosphere/endorhizosphere protect the roots from the adverse effects of abiotic stress and facilitate plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms. In the rhizosphere, plants are constantly interacting with thousands of these microorganisms, yet it is not very clear when and how these complex root, rhizosphere, and rhizobacteria interactions occur under abiotic stresses. Therefore, the present review attempts to focus on root–rhizosphere and rhizobacterial interactions under stresses, how roots respond to these interactions, and the role of rhizobacteria under these stresses. Further, the review focuses on the underlying mechanisms employed by rhizobacteria for improving root architecture and plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.
Naeem Khan; Shahid Ali; Muhammad Shahid; Adnan Mustafa; R. Sayyed; José Curá. Insights into the Interactions among Roots, Rhizosphere, and Rhizobacteria for Improving Plant Growth and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses: A Review. Cells 2021, 10, 1551 .
AMA StyleNaeem Khan, Shahid Ali, Muhammad Shahid, Adnan Mustafa, R. Sayyed, José Curá. Insights into the Interactions among Roots, Rhizosphere, and Rhizobacteria for Improving Plant Growth and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses: A Review. Cells. 2021; 10 (6):1551.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaeem Khan; Shahid Ali; Muhammad Shahid; Adnan Mustafa; R. Sayyed; José Curá. 2021. "Insights into the Interactions among Roots, Rhizosphere, and Rhizobacteria for Improving Plant Growth and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses: A Review." Cells 10, no. 6: 1551.
Salt accumulation in soils poses severe challenges for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Scarcity of rainfall and a high evaporation rate in these regions are considered major reasons for salt accumulation. It drastically reduces the leaching of excessive salts below the root zone of crops. The toxic effects of salts on plants can be greatly reduced with the use of biological and inorganic amendments. The present study was conducted to investigate the positive influence of gypsum (GP), composted cow dung (CCD) and the combined use of gypsum and composted cow dung (GP+CCD) on the growth, seed yield, and physiological and chemical attributes of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) in salty soil conditions. Saline-sodic soil was prepared using salts that include NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and CaCl2. It contained three levels of electrical conductivity (EC), i.e., 1.8, 6, and 12 dS m−1, and had a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of 15. We noted significant deleterious effects of excessive salt stress on multiple attributes of the growth, produce, physiology, and chemical factors of sunflowers. However, treatment with GP+CCD improved all these attributes in all these conditions over the control treatment. Treatment with GP+CCD also significantly increased N, P and K contents over the control in the absence of salt stress, i.e., normal conditions. Conversely, treatment with GP+CCD caused an extreme decline in antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, GPX, CAT and SOD) and Na+/K+ ratio in seeds of up to 90, 75, and 71% over control at an EC level of 1.8, 6, and 12 dS m−1, respectively. This study suggests the combined application of gypsum and composted cow dung for better production of sunflowers in salt-affected soils, and augmented growth, yield, physiology, biochemistry and nutritional value in the sunflower seeds.
Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Aslam; Zulfiqar Ahmad; Tasawar Abbas; Asma Al-Huqail; Manzer Siddiqui; Hayssam Ali; Irfan Ashraf; Adnan Mustafa. Growth Responses, Physiological Alterations and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Amended with Gypsum and Composted Cow Dung. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6792 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Naveed, Muhammad Aslam, Zulfiqar Ahmad, Tasawar Abbas, Asma Al-Huqail, Manzer Siddiqui, Hayssam Ali, Irfan Ashraf, Adnan Mustafa. Growth Responses, Physiological Alterations and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Amended with Gypsum and Composted Cow Dung. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6792.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Naveed; Muhammad Aslam; Zulfiqar Ahmad; Tasawar Abbas; Asma Al-Huqail; Manzer Siddiqui; Hayssam Ali; Irfan Ashraf; Adnan Mustafa. 2021. "Growth Responses, Physiological Alterations and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Amended with Gypsum and Composted Cow Dung." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6792.
Toxic metals and particle pollutants in urbanized cities have significantly increased over the past few decades mainly due to rapid urbanization and unplanned infrastructure. This research aimed at estimating the concentration of toxic metals and particle pollutants and the associated risks to public health across different land-use settings including commercial area (CA), urban area (UA), residential area (RA), and industrial area (IA). A total of 47 samples for both soil and air were collected from different land-use settings of Faisalabad city in Pakistan. Mean concentrations of toxic metals such as Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, and Cd in all land-use settings were 92.68, 4.06, 1.34, 0.16, 0.07, 0.03, and 0.02 mg kg−1, respectively. Mean values of PM10, PM2.5, and Mn in all land-use settings were found 5.14, 1.34, and 1.9 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Mn was found as the most hazardous metal in terms of pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) in the studied area. Health risk analysis for particle pollutants using air quality index (AQI) and geoinformation was found in the range between good to very critical for all the land-use settings. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were higher for children in comparison to adults, suggesting that children may be susceptible to potentially higher health risks. However, the cancer risk (CR) value for Pb ingestion (1.21 × 10−6) in children was lower than the permissible limit (1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−6). Nonetheless, for Cr inhalation, CR value (1.09 × 10−8) was close to tolerable limits. Our findings can be of valuable assistance toward advancing our understanding of soil and air pollutions concerning public health in different land-use settings of the urbanized cities of Pakistan.
Khalid Mehmood; Yansong Bao; Roman Abbas; Saifullah; George P. Petropoulos; Hamaad Raza Ahmad; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Adnan Mustafa; Alwaseela Abdalla; Katia Lasaridi; Shah Fahad. Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -15.
AMA StyleKhalid Mehmood, Yansong Bao, Roman Abbas, Saifullah, George P. Petropoulos, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Adnan Mustafa, Alwaseela Abdalla, Katia Lasaridi, Shah Fahad. Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhalid Mehmood; Yansong Bao; Roman Abbas; Saifullah; George P. Petropoulos; Hamaad Raza Ahmad; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Adnan Mustafa; Alwaseela Abdalla; Katia Lasaridi; Shah Fahad. 2021. "Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-15.
Zinc (Zn) is critical for the activity of many enzymes including involved photosynthetic CO2 fixation and indirectly involved in the production of growth hormones and internode elongation in crop plants. In this regard, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effectiveness of the Zn blended, Zn coated and bio-activated Zn coated urea on the growth, physiological, yield, and quality of wheat. Three types of urea were prepared including bio-activated Zn coated, Zn coated and Zn blended urea. The bio-activated Zn coated urea was prepared by inoculating the powdered organic material with Zn solubilizing bacterium (Bacillus sp. AZ6) and then this material was mixed with ZnO. This bioactive Zn was coated on urea at the rate to formulate 1.5% bio-activated Zn coated urea. Moreover, Zn blended urea was prepared by mixing powder ZnO with urea while Zn coated urea with 1.5% Zn was prepared by mixing ZnO and urea under proper moisture conditions to ensure proper coating. In results, growth parameters were significantly increased with the application of bio-activated Zn coated urea as compared to other urea formulations and the control. The same treatment caused the maximum increase in quality parameters like oil contents (55%), protein (30%), and N concentration (30%) as compared to the control. In conclusion, the application of 1.5% bio-activated Zn coated urea was highly effective in enhancing the growth, physiological, yield, and quality parameters of wheat.
Qudsia Nazir; Xiukang Wang; Azhar Hussain; Allah Ditta; Ayesha Aimen; Ifra Saleem; Muhammad Naveed; Tariq Aziz; Adnan Mustafa; Nalun Panpluem. Variation in Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Wheat under the Application of Different Zinc Coated Formulations. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4797 .
AMA StyleQudsia Nazir, Xiukang Wang, Azhar Hussain, Allah Ditta, Ayesha Aimen, Ifra Saleem, Muhammad Naveed, Tariq Aziz, Adnan Mustafa, Nalun Panpluem. Variation in Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Wheat under the Application of Different Zinc Coated Formulations. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):4797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQudsia Nazir; Xiukang Wang; Azhar Hussain; Allah Ditta; Ayesha Aimen; Ifra Saleem; Muhammad Naveed; Tariq Aziz; Adnan Mustafa; Nalun Panpluem. 2021. "Variation in Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Wheat under the Application of Different Zinc Coated Formulations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 4797.
Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution is a major abiotic stress, which reduces plant growth and affects food quality by entering the food chain, and ultimately poses hazards to human health. Currently, the use of slag in PTE-contaminated soils has been reported to reduce PTEs and toxicity in plants. This review highlights the role of slag used as a fertilizer for better crop production and sustainable agricultural development. The application of slag increased the growth, yield, and quality of crops under PTE toxicity. The mechanisms followed by slag are the immobilization of PTEs in the soil, enhancement of soil pH, changes in the redox state of PTEs, and positive changes in soil physicochemical and biological properties under PTE toxicity. Nevertheless, these processes are influenced by the plant species, growth conditions, imposition length of stress, and type of slag used. The current review provides an insight into improving plant tolerance to PTE toxicity by slag-based fertilizer application and highlights the theoretical basis for applying slag in PTE-contaminated environments worldwide.
Sajid Mehmood; Xiukang Wang; Waqas Ahmed; Muhammad Imtiaz; Allah Ditta; Muhammad Rizwan; Sana Irshad; Saqib Bashir; Qudsia Saeed; Adnan Mustafa; Weidong Li. Removal Mechanisms of Slag against Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Plants for Sustainable Agriculture Development: A Critical Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5255 .
AMA StyleSajid Mehmood, Xiukang Wang, Waqas Ahmed, Muhammad Imtiaz, Allah Ditta, Muhammad Rizwan, Sana Irshad, Saqib Bashir, Qudsia Saeed, Adnan Mustafa, Weidong Li. Removal Mechanisms of Slag against Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Plants for Sustainable Agriculture Development: A Critical Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajid Mehmood; Xiukang Wang; Waqas Ahmed; Muhammad Imtiaz; Allah Ditta; Muhammad Rizwan; Sana Irshad; Saqib Bashir; Qudsia Saeed; Adnan Mustafa; Weidong Li. 2021. "Removal Mechanisms of Slag against Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Plants for Sustainable Agriculture Development: A Critical Review." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5255.
Untreated wastewater used for irrigating crops is the major source of toxic heavy metals and other pollutants in soils. These heavy metals affect plant growth and deteriorate the quality of edible parts of growing plants. Phytohormone (IAA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can reduce the toxicity of metals by stabilizing them in soil. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the IAA and EPS-producing rhizobacterial strains for improving growth, physiology, and antioxidant activity of Brassica juncea (L.) under Cd-stress. Results showed that Cd-stress significantly decreased the growth and physiological parameters of mustard plants. Inoculation with Cd-tolerant, IAA and EPS-producing rhizobacterial strains, however, significantly retrieved the inhibitory effects of Cd-stress on mustard growth, and physiology by up regulating antioxidant enzyme activities. Higher Cd accumulation and proline content was observed in the roots and shoot tissues upon Cd-stress in mustard plants while reduced proline and Cd accumulation was recorded upon rhizobacterial strains inoculation. Maximum decrease in proline contents (12.4%) and Cd concentration in root (26.9%) and shoot (29%) in comparison to control plants was observed due to inoculation with Bacillus safensis strain FN13. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased due to Cd-stress; however, the inoculation with Cd-tolerant, IAA-producing rhizobacterial strains showed a non-significant impact in the case of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) in Brassica juncea (L.) plants under Cd-stress. Overall, Bacillus safensis strain FN13 was the most effective strain in improving the Brassica juncea (L.) growth and physiology under Cd-stress. It can be concluded, as the strain FN13 is a potential phytostabilizing biofertilizer for heavy metal contaminated soils, that it can be recommended to induce Cd-stress tolerance in crop plants.
Farheen Nazli; Xiukang Wang; Maqshoof Ahmad; Azhar Hussain; Bushra; Abubakar Dar; Muhammad Nasim; Moazzam Jamil; Nalun Panpluem; Adnan Mustafa. Efficacy of Indole Acetic Acid and Exopolysaccharides-Producing Bacillus safensis Strain FN13 for Inducing Cd-Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion in Brassica juncea (L.). Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4160 .
AMA StyleFarheen Nazli, Xiukang Wang, Maqshoof Ahmad, Azhar Hussain, Bushra, Abubakar Dar, Muhammad Nasim, Moazzam Jamil, Nalun Panpluem, Adnan Mustafa. Efficacy of Indole Acetic Acid and Exopolysaccharides-Producing Bacillus safensis Strain FN13 for Inducing Cd-Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion in Brassica juncea (L.). Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):4160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarheen Nazli; Xiukang Wang; Maqshoof Ahmad; Azhar Hussain; Bushra; Abubakar Dar; Muhammad Nasim; Moazzam Jamil; Nalun Panpluem; Adnan Mustafa. 2021. "Efficacy of Indole Acetic Acid and Exopolysaccharides-Producing Bacillus safensis Strain FN13 for Inducing Cd-Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion in Brassica juncea (L.)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 4160.
Soil pollution with heavy metal is a serious problem across the globe and is on the rise due to the current intensification of chemical industry. The leather industry is one of them, discharging chromium (Cr) in huge quantities during the process of leather tanning and polluting the nearby land and water resources, resulting in deterioration of plant growth. In this study, the effects of biochar application at the rate of 3% were studied on four maize cultivars, namely NK-8441, P-1543, NK-8711, and FH-985, grown in two different tannery polluted Kasur (K) and Sialkot (S) soils. Maize plants were harvested at vegetative growth and results showed that Cr toxicity adversely not only affected their growth, physiology, and biochemistry, but also accumulated in their tissues. However, the level of Cr toxicity, accumulation, and its influence on maize cultivars varied greatly in both soils. In this pot experiment, biochar application played a crucial role in lessening the Cr toxicity level, resulting in significant increase in plant height, biomass (fresh and dry), leaf area, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, and relative water content (RWC) over treatment set as a control. However, applied biochar significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL), antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline content, soluble sugars, and available fraction of Cr in soil as well as Cr (VI and III) concentration in root and shoot tissues of maize plant. In addition to this, maize cultivar differences were also found in relation to their tolerance to Cr toxicity and cultivar P-1543 performed better over other cultivars in both soils. In conclusion, biochar application in tannery polluted soils could be an efficient ecofriendly approach to reduce the Cr toxicity and to promote plant health and growth.
Muhammad Bashir; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa; Sobia Ashraf; Tayyaba Samreen; Sajid Nadeem; Moazzam Jamil. Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4461 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Bashir, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Naveed, Adnan Mustafa, Sobia Ashraf, Tayyaba Samreen, Sajid Nadeem, Moazzam Jamil. Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4461.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bashir; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa; Sobia Ashraf; Tayyaba Samreen; Sajid Nadeem; Moazzam Jamil. 2021. "Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4461.
Long-term fertilization is a widely accepted strategy to enhance soil organic (SOC). However, fertilization effects on the stability of aggregate-associated OC remained largely unknown. Thus, stability of aggregate-associated OC was studied through aggregate fractionation, C-mineralization, and 13C NMR analyses. Three aggregates (macro-aggregates, micro-aggregates, and silt + clay) were separated and analyzed for SOC contents, C-mineralization, and 13C NMR analysis, for the following fertilization modes: control (CK), inorganic (NPK), and NPK combined with manure (NPKM). Highest contents (12.3–15.4 g kg−1 aggregate) for SOC were obtained in macro-aggregates under NPK and NPKM application which were 47 and 85% higher than CK. Under the applied treatments, the highest CO2-C mineralization (mg kg−1 soil) was observed for macro-aggregates and least for silt + clay fractions indicating high stability of OC associated with silt + clay fraction. Moreover, manure combined with inorganic fertilizer (NPKM) considerably lowered C-mineralization (per unit SOC) in aggregates and bulk soil suggesting high potential of manure addition to stabilize SOC through minimizing proportional to total aggregate or bulk soil OC decomposition. Furthermore, 13C NMR analysis revealed carbonyl-C as the chief C-functional group sequestered. Manure application greatly enhanced SOC stability indices AI, HI, and A/OA which further indicates high SOC stability under manure addition. Silt + clay fraction was more capable of protecting SOC against decomposition and manure combined with inorganic fertilizer not only had the potential to sequester more C but could also improve the stability of sequestered SOC associated with different aggregates.
Adnan Mustafa; Xu Hu; Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Ali Akbar Maitlo; Kashif Ali Kubar; Qudsia Saeed; Muhammad Kamran; Muhammad Naveed; Wang Boren; Sun Nan; Xu Minggang. Long-term fertilization alters chemical composition and stability of aggregate-associated organic carbon in a Chinese red soil: evidence from aggregate fractionation, C mineralization, and 13C NMR analyses. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2021, 21, 2483 -2496.
AMA StyleAdnan Mustafa, Xu Hu, Syed Atizaz Ali Shah, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Ali Akbar Maitlo, Kashif Ali Kubar, Qudsia Saeed, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Naveed, Wang Boren, Sun Nan, Xu Minggang. Long-term fertilization alters chemical composition and stability of aggregate-associated organic carbon in a Chinese red soil: evidence from aggregate fractionation, C mineralization, and 13C NMR analyses. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2021; 21 (7):2483-2496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdnan Mustafa; Xu Hu; Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Ali Akbar Maitlo; Kashif Ali Kubar; Qudsia Saeed; Muhammad Kamran; Muhammad Naveed; Wang Boren; Sun Nan; Xu Minggang. 2021. "Long-term fertilization alters chemical composition and stability of aggregate-associated organic carbon in a Chinese red soil: evidence from aggregate fractionation, C mineralization, and 13C NMR analyses." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 7: 2483-2496.
The contamination of crude oil in soil matrices is a persistent problem with negative repercussions because of the recalcitrant, hazardous, and mutagenic properties of its constituents. To mitigate the effect of crude oil contamination in soil, the use of microorganisms is a cheap and feasible option. In the current study, bacterial species from numerous polluted oil field surfaces were isolated and examined for their ability to degrade crude oil. Random soil samples polluted with hydrocarbons were collected and various bacterial isolates were isolated. Results revealed that 40% of total isolates had potential use for hydrocarbon biodegradation, the synthesis of exopolysaccharides and the solubilization of phosphorous. Following isolation and characterization to degrade crude oil, a pot trial was conducted using maize inoculated with the four best strains—i.e., S1 (PMEL-63), S2 (PMEL-67), S3 (PMEL-80), and S4 (PMEL-79)—in artificially hydrocarbon-polluted soil with concentrations of crude oil of 0, 1000, and 2000 ppm. Results revealed that S4 (PMEL-79) had significant potential to degrade hydrocarbon in polluted soils. The root length, shoot length, and fresh biomass of maize were increased by 65%, 45%, and 98%, respectively, in pots inoculated with S4 (PMEL-79) Enterobacter cloacae subsp., whereas the lowest root length was observed where no strain was added and the concentration of crude oil was at maximum. Moreover, S4 (PMEL-79) Enterobacter cloacae subsp. was found to be the most effective strain in degrading crude oil and increasing maize growth under polluted soil conditions. It was concluded that the isolation of microorganisms from oil-contaminated sites should be considered in order to identify the most effective microbial consortium for the biodegradation of naturally hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.
Mukkaram Ejaz; Baowei Zhao; Xiukang Wang; Safdar Bashir; Fasih Haider; Zubair Aslam; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Shabaan; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa. Isolation and Characterization of Oil-Degrading Enterobacter sp. from Naturally Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils and Their Potential Use against the Bioremediation of Crude Oil. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3504 .
AMA StyleMukkaram Ejaz, Baowei Zhao, Xiukang Wang, Safdar Bashir, Fasih Haider, Zubair Aslam, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Shabaan, Muhammad Naveed, Adnan Mustafa. Isolation and Characterization of Oil-Degrading Enterobacter sp. from Naturally Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils and Their Potential Use against the Bioremediation of Crude Oil. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3504.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMukkaram Ejaz; Baowei Zhao; Xiukang Wang; Safdar Bashir; Fasih Haider; Zubair Aslam; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Shabaan; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa. 2021. "Isolation and Characterization of Oil-Degrading Enterobacter sp. from Naturally Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils and Their Potential Use against the Bioremediation of Crude Oil." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3504.
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in the growth of reproductive plant parts. Its deficiency and/or toxicity are widespread in arid and semi-arid soils with low clay contents. This study was planned to determine the response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., non-leguminous crop) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis L., leguminous crop) to boron (0, 2, 4, and 16 µg g−1) on four distinct soil series from Punjab, Pakistan i.e., Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region), Typic Torrifluvent (Shahdra region), Halic Camborthid (Khurianwala region), and Udic Haplustalf (Gujranwala region). Overall, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in yield between the sorghum (3.8 to 5.5 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) and cowpea (0.2 to 3.2 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) in response to B application. The highest yield was observed in both sorghum and cowpea either in control or at 2 µg g−1 B application in all four soils. Cowpea showed the same yield trend in all four soils (i.e., an increase in yield at 2 µg g−1 B application, followed by a significant decrease at the higher B levels). In contrast, sorghum exhibited greater variability of response on different soils; Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region) produced the greatest yield at low levels of B application. However, Halic Camborthid produced its lowest yield at that level. Boron concentration in shoots increased with the levels of B application, particularly in sorghum. In cowpea, the plant growth was extremely retarded—and most of the plants died at higher levels of B application even if a lower concentration of B was measured within the shoot. Hot water-extractable B was the most available fraction for cowpea (R2 = 0.96), whereas the easily exchangeable B was most available for sorghum (R2 = 0.90). Overall, these results have implications for micronutrient uptake for both leguminous and non-leguminous crops.
Muhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4192 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Javed, Zaffar Malik, Muhammad Kamran, Ghulam Abbasi, Asma Majeed, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Bukhari, Adnan Mustafa, Sunny Ahmar, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Muhammad Rafay, Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. 2021. "Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4192.
Wheat is one of the leading staple crops in many countries. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role for wheat growth and yield as it takes part in many metabolic pathways. Even for soluble phosphatic fertilizers, most of the Pakistani soils, being alkaline and calcareous in nature, show phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) not more than 10–25%. The major issue is the unavailability of P due to fixation and precipitation reactions with soil particles. Composting of rock-phosphate with animal and poultry manures supplied with bio-stimulated phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) not only enhances the RP solubilization but also serves as a potent source of P for plants. Composted/bio-activated rock-phosphate (B-RP), prepared by group of three bacterial strains i.e., Pseudomonas sp. (E11), Bacillus sp. (MN54) and Enterobacter sp. (MN17) aided with molasses (5%) and urea (10%), was tested alone and in various combinations with di-ammonium phosphate (DAP). In this pot trial, the combined application of B-RP and DAP was found superior to the sole application of B-RP. Even the combination of B-RP and DAP sharing equal amount of recommended P showed better results as compared to the sole application of DAP, giving improved shoot biomass (25%), total P-uptake (67%), recovery efficiency of P (75%), dry matter (29%), crude protein (29%), and other yield, physiological and nutritional quality parameters of wheat. So, it could be concluded that integrated use of B-RP and DAP with equal proportion of recommended P could serve as a better management practice for not only improving quantity but also the quality of the wheat grain.
Muhammad Arfan-Ul-Haq; Muhammad Yaseen; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa; Sulman Siddique; Saud Alamri; Manzer Siddiqui; Abdullah Al-Amri; Qasi D. Alsubaie; Hayssam Ali. Deciphering the Potential of Bioactivated Rock Phosphate and Di-Ammonium Phosphate on Agronomic Performance, Nutritional Quality and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy 2021, 11, 684 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Arfan-Ul-Haq, Muhammad Yaseen, Muhammad Naveed, Adnan Mustafa, Sulman Siddique, Saud Alamri, Manzer Siddiqui, Abdullah Al-Amri, Qasi D. Alsubaie, Hayssam Ali. Deciphering the Potential of Bioactivated Rock Phosphate and Di-Ammonium Phosphate on Agronomic Performance, Nutritional Quality and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy. 2021; 11 (4):684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Arfan-Ul-Haq; Muhammad Yaseen; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa; Sulman Siddique; Saud Alamri; Manzer Siddiqui; Abdullah Al-Amri; Qasi D. Alsubaie; Hayssam Ali. 2021. "Deciphering the Potential of Bioactivated Rock Phosphate and Di-Ammonium Phosphate on Agronomic Performance, Nutritional Quality and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 4: 684.
There is a very narrow margin in selenium deficiency and toxicity although it is an important element for humans, animals, and plants. Effects of selenium (Se) on the growth and physiomorphological parameters in maize were studied grown in soil spiked with sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) in 5 different concentrations (i.e., 0. 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg kg−1). The growth of plants was affected by high Se concentration. However, maximum increases in plant height and root length were observed at low Se (2.5 mg kg−1) which were 17.89 and 23.17%, respectively. At higher Se concentrations (20 mg kg−1), a considerable reduction was observed in dry matter, root length, antioxidant enzymes, and other physiological parameters. The dry matter of plants was also analyzed for nutrient (Fe and Zn) concentrations. Results indicated that Se stress inhibits plant growth. Gas exchange parameters were also found to be decreased under stress conditions, but at a lower Se level (2.5 mg kg−1), improvement in transpiration rate (63.46%), photosynthetic rate (47.47%), and stomatal conductance (54.55%) was observed. The reduction in growth attributes may be due to the high accumulation of Se in roots and the disturbance in gas exchange parameters. However, the principal component analysis revealed that higher Se levels were more hazardous for maize growth and physiological responses as compared to low Se levels.
Munaza Naseem; Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq; Xiukang Wang; Naila Farooq; Muhammad Awais; Hina Sattar; Hina Ahmed Malik; Adnan Mustafa; Jalil Ahmad; Mohamed A. El-Esawi. Influence of Selenium on Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidant Responses in Maize Varies in a Dose-Dependent Manner. Journal of Food Quality 2021, 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleMunaza Naseem, Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq, Xiukang Wang, Naila Farooq, Muhammad Awais, Hina Sattar, Hina Ahmed Malik, Adnan Mustafa, Jalil Ahmad, Mohamed A. El-Esawi. Influence of Selenium on Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidant Responses in Maize Varies in a Dose-Dependent Manner. Journal of Food Quality. 2021; 2021 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunaza Naseem; Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq; Xiukang Wang; Naila Farooq; Muhammad Awais; Hina Sattar; Hina Ahmed Malik; Adnan Mustafa; Jalil Ahmad; Mohamed A. El-Esawi. 2021. "Influence of Selenium on Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidant Responses in Maize Varies in a Dose-Dependent Manner." Journal of Food Quality 2021, no. : 1-9.
Extraction and exploration of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) to satisfy the rising world population's fossil fuel demand is playing havoc with human beings and other life forms by contaminating the ecosystem, particularly the soil. In the current review, we highlighted the sources of PHs contamination, factors affecting the PHs accumulation in soil, mechanisms of uptake, translocation and potential toxic effects of PHs on plants. In plants, PHs reduce the seed germination andnutrients translocation, and induce oxidative stress, disturb the plant metabolic activity and inhibit the plant physiology and morphology that ultimately reduce plant yield. Moreover, the defense strategy in plants to mitigate the PHs toxicity and other potential remediation techniques, including the use of organic manure, compost, plant hormones, and biochar, and application of microbe-assisted remediation, and phytoremediation are also discussed in the current review. These remediation strategies not only help to remediate PHs pollutionin the soil rhizosphere but also enhance the morphological and physiological attributes of plant and results to improve crop yield under PHs contaminated soils. This review aims to provide significant information on ecological importance of PHs stress in various interdisciplinary investigations and critical remediation techniques to mitigate the contamination of PHs in agricultural soils.
Fasih Ullah Haider; Mukkaram Ejaz; Sardar Alam Cheema; Muhammad Imran Khan; Baowei Zhao; Cai Liqun; Muhammad Arslan Salim; Muhammad Naveed; Naeem Khan; Avelino Núñez-Delgado; Adnan Mustafa. Phytotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons: Sources, impacts and remediation strategies. Environmental Research 2021, 197, 111031 .
AMA StyleFasih Ullah Haider, Mukkaram Ejaz, Sardar Alam Cheema, Muhammad Imran Khan, Baowei Zhao, Cai Liqun, Muhammad Arslan Salim, Muhammad Naveed, Naeem Khan, Avelino Núñez-Delgado, Adnan Mustafa. Phytotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons: Sources, impacts and remediation strategies. Environmental Research. 2021; 197 ():111031.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFasih Ullah Haider; Mukkaram Ejaz; Sardar Alam Cheema; Muhammad Imran Khan; Baowei Zhao; Cai Liqun; Muhammad Arslan Salim; Muhammad Naveed; Naeem Khan; Avelino Núñez-Delgado; Adnan Mustafa. 2021. "Phytotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons: Sources, impacts and remediation strategies." Environmental Research 197, no. : 111031.
Wastewater generation and treatment is an ever-increasing concern in the current century due to increased urbanization and industrialization. To tackle the situation of increasing environmental hazards, numerous wastewater treatment approaches are used—i.e., physical, chemical, and biological (primary to tertiary treatment) methods. Various treatment techniques being used have the risks of producing secondary pollutants. The most promising technique is the use of different materials as adsorbents that have a higher efficacy in treating wastewater, with a minimal production of secondary pollutants. Biosorption is a key process that is highly efficient and cost-effective. This method majorly uses the adsorption process/mechanism for toxicant removal from wastewater. This review elaborates the major agricultural and non-agricultural materials-based sorbents that have been used with their possible mechanisms of pollutant removal. Moreover, this creates a better understanding of how the efficacy of these sorbents can be enhanced by modification or treatments with other substances. This review also explains the re-usability and mechanisms of the used adsorbents and/or their disposal in a safe and environmentally friendly way, along with highlighting the major research gaps and potential future research directions. Additionally, the cost benefit ratio of adsorbents is elucidated.
Fazila Younas; Adnan Mustafa; Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi; Xiukang Wang; Sadia Younas; Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din; Muhammad Ashir Hameed; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Ali Akbar Maitlo; Saima Noreen; Muhammad Mahroz Hussain. Current and Emerging Adsorbent Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Trends, Limitations, and Environmental Implications. Water 2021, 13, 215 .
AMA StyleFazila Younas, Adnan Mustafa, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Xiukang Wang, Sadia Younas, Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din, Muhammad Ashir Hameed, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Ali Akbar Maitlo, Saima Noreen, Muhammad Mahroz Hussain. Current and Emerging Adsorbent Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Trends, Limitations, and Environmental Implications. Water. 2021; 13 (2):215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFazila Younas; Adnan Mustafa; Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi; Xiukang Wang; Sadia Younas; Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din; Muhammad Ashir Hameed; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Ali Akbar Maitlo; Saima Noreen; Muhammad Mahroz Hussain. 2021. "Current and Emerging Adsorbent Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Trends, Limitations, and Environmental Implications." Water 13, no. 2: 215.
Plant growth regulators and Rhizobium are actively involved in the regulation of flowering, pod formation, nodulation, and ultimately the growth and yield of legumes. However, very limited information is available on the combined effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and Rhizobium on growth attributes and yield of legume crops. This experiment was designed to fill this gap by studying the performance of chickpea under exogenous application of GA3 (10−4 and 10−5 M) alone and in combination with Rhizobium. Exogenous application of GA3 (10−5 M) combined with rhizobium inoculation gave the highest values for number of nodules per plant (16) and their dry biomass (0.22 g). Moreover, GA3 application and seed inoculation with Rhizobium, when applied singly, significantly enhanced chickpea growth. However, the most promising results were obtained by the inoculation of Rhizobium accompanied with GA3 (10−5 M). Plant height, grain and stover yield, and chlorophyll contents were enhanced up to 35%, 39%, 21%, and 51%, respectively. Likewise, the bioaccumulation of macronutrients (N, P and K) was maximum in plants receiving both Rhizobium inoculation and GA3 application. It is concluded that the combined application of Rhizobium and GA3 has synergistic effects on the growth, yield, and nutrient contents of chickpea.
Munazza Rafique; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa; Saleem Akhtar; Muneeb Munawar; Sadia Kaukab; Hayssam M. Ali; Manzer H. Siddiqui; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. The Combined Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Rhizobium on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Status in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Agronomy 2021, 11, 105 .
AMA StyleMunazza Rafique, Muhammad Naveed, Adnan Mustafa, Saleem Akhtar, Muneeb Munawar, Sadia Kaukab, Hayssam M. Ali, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Mohamed Z. M. Salem. The Combined Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Rhizobium on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Status in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Agronomy. 2021; 11 (1):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunazza Rafique; Muhammad Naveed; Adnan Mustafa; Saleem Akhtar; Muneeb Munawar; Sadia Kaukab; Hayssam M. Ali; Manzer H. Siddiqui; Mohamed Z. M. Salem. 2021. "The Combined Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Rhizobium on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Status in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 105.
Nickel (Ni) bioavailable fraction in the soil is of utmost importance because of its involvement in plant growth and environmental feedbacks. High concentrations of Ni in the soil environment, especially in the root zone, may retard plant growth that ultimately results in reduced plant biomass and yield. However, endophytic microorganisms have great potential to reduce the toxicity of Ni, especially when applied together with zeolite. The present research work was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of an endophytic bacterium Caulobacter sp. MN13 in combination with zeolite on the physiology, growth, quality, and yield of sesame plant under normal and Ni stressed soil conditions through possible reduction of Ni uptake. Surface sterilized sesame seeds were sown in pots filled with artificially Ni contaminated soil amended with zeolite. Results revealed that plant agronomic attributes such as shoot root dry weight, total number of pods, and 1000-grains weight were increased by 41, 45, 54, and 65%, respectively, over control treatment, with combined application of bacteria and zeolite in Ni contaminated soil. In comparison to control, the gaseous exchange parameters (CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal- sub-stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and vapor pressure) were significantly enhanced by co-application of bacteria and zeolite ranging from 20 to 49% under Ni stress. Moreover, the combined utilization of bacteria and zeolite considerably improved water relations of sesame plant, in terms of relative water content (RWC) and relative membrane permeability (RMP) along with improvement in biochemical components (protein, ash, crude fiber, fat), and micronutrients in normal as well as in Ni contaminated soil. Moreover, the same treatment modulated the Ni-stress in plants through improvement in antioxidant enzymes (AEs) activities along with improved Ni concentration in the soil and different plant tissues. Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that combined application of metal-tolerant bacterium Caulobacter sp. MN13 and zeolite is the most influential strategy in alleviating Ni-induced stress and subsequent improvement in growth, yield, and physio-biochemical attributes of sesame plant.
Muhammad Naveed; Syeda Sosan Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Allah Ditta; Saud Alamri; Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Munazza Rafique; Sobia Ashraf; Manzer H. Siddiqui. Mitigation of Nickel Toxicity and Growth Promotion in Sesame through the Application of a Bacterial Endophyte and Zeolite in Nickel Contaminated Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8859 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Naveed, Syeda Sosan Bukhari, Adnan Mustafa, Allah Ditta, Saud Alamri, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Munazza Rafique, Sobia Ashraf, Manzer H. Siddiqui. Mitigation of Nickel Toxicity and Growth Promotion in Sesame through the Application of a Bacterial Endophyte and Zeolite in Nickel Contaminated Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (23):8859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Naveed; Syeda Sosan Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Allah Ditta; Saud Alamri; Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Munazza Rafique; Sobia Ashraf; Manzer H. Siddiqui. 2020. "Mitigation of Nickel Toxicity and Growth Promotion in Sesame through the Application of a Bacterial Endophyte and Zeolite in Nickel Contaminated Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8859.
Salinity and drought stress, singly or in combination, are major environmental menaces. Jatropha curcas L. is a biodiesel plant that can tolerate long periods of drought. However, the growth performance and stress tolerance based on physical, chemical, and physiological attributes of this plant have not yet been studied. To address this question, J. curcas seedlings were grown in a completely randomized design in plastic pots filled with soil to evaluate the effects of salinity and drought stresses on growth, ionic composition, and physiological attributes. The experiment consisted of six treatments: control (without salinity and drought stress), salinity alone (7.5 dS m−1, 15 dS m−1), drought, and a combination of salinity and drought (7.5 dS m−1+ Drought, 15 dS m−1+Drought). Our results revealed that, compared with the control, both plant height (PH) and stem diameter (SD) were reduced by (83%, 80%, and 77%) and (69%, 56%, and 55%) under salinity and drought combination (15 dS m−1+Drought) after three, six, and nine months, respectively. There was 93% more leaf Na+ found in plants treated with 15 dS m−1+Drought compared with the control. The highest significant average membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC) values (81% and 85%, respectively) were found in the control. The MSI and RWC were not influenced by 7.5 dS m−1 and drought treatments and mostly contributed towards stress tolerance. Our findings imply that J. curcas is moderately tolerant to salinity and drought. The Na+ toxicity and disturbance in K+: Na+ ratio were the main contributing factors for limited growth and physiological attributes in this plant.
Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Muhammad Saqib; Ghulam Abbas; Muhammad Atiq-Ur-Rahman; Adnan Mustafa; Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Khalid Mehmood; Ali Akbar Maitlo; Mahmood- Ul- Hassan; Nan Sun; Minggang Xu. Evaluating the Contribution of Growth, Physiological, and Ionic Components Towards Salinity and Drought Stress Tolerance in Jatropha curcas. Plants 2020, 9, 1574 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Mohsin Abrar, Muhammad Saqib, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Atiq-Ur-Rahman, Adnan Mustafa, Syed Atizaz Ali Shah, Khalid Mehmood, Ali Akbar Maitlo, Mahmood- Ul- Hassan, Nan Sun, Minggang Xu. Evaluating the Contribution of Growth, Physiological, and Ionic Components Towards Salinity and Drought Stress Tolerance in Jatropha curcas. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1574.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Mohsin Abrar; Muhammad Saqib; Ghulam Abbas; Muhammad Atiq-Ur-Rahman; Adnan Mustafa; Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Khalid Mehmood; Ali Akbar Maitlo; Mahmood- Ul- Hassan; Nan Sun; Minggang Xu. 2020. "Evaluating the Contribution of Growth, Physiological, and Ionic Components Towards Salinity and Drought Stress Tolerance in Jatropha curcas." Plants 9, no. 11: 1574.
Crop productivity and soil health are limited by organic carbon (OC), however, the variations in the mechanisms of SOC preservation in a complete soil profile subjected to long-term fertilization remains unclear. The objective of the study was to examined the content and profile distribution of the distinctive SOC protection mechanisms on a complete profile (0–100 cm) of Eumorthic Anthrosols in Northwest China after 23 years of chemical and manure fertilization. The soil was fractionated by combined physical-chemical and density floatation techniques. Throughout the profile, significant variations were observed among fractions. In the topsoil (0–20 and 20–40 cm), mineral coupling with the fertilization of manure (MNPK) enhanced total SOC content and recorded for 29% of SOC in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers. Moreover, MNPK increased the SOC content of the unprotected cPOC fraction by 60.9% and 61.5% in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm layer, while SOC content was low in the subsoil layers (40–60, 60–80 and 80–100 cm, respectively) compared with the control (C). The highest OC under MNPK in physically protected micro-aggregates (μagg) (6.36 and 6.06 g C kg−1), and occluded particulate organic carbon (iPOC) (1.41 and 1.29 g C kg−1) was found in the topsoil layers. The unprotected cPOC fraction was the greatest C accumulating fraction in the topsoil layers, followed by μagg and H-μSilt fractions in the soil profile, implying that these fractions were the most sensitive to the fertilization treatments. Overall, the unprotected, physically protected, and physico-chemically protected fractions were the dominant fractions for the sequestration of carbon across fertilization treatments and soil layers.
Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Minggang Xu; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Adnan Mustafa; Shah Fahad; Tufail Shah; Xueyun Yang; Wei Zhou; Shulan Zhang; Sun Nan; Weiqi Shi. Long-term fertilization affects functional soil organic carbon protection mechanisms in a profile of Chinese loess plateau soil. Chemosphere 2020, 267, 128897 .
AMA StyleSyed Atizaz Ali Shah, Minggang Xu, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Adnan Mustafa, Shah Fahad, Tufail Shah, Xueyun Yang, Wei Zhou, Shulan Zhang, Sun Nan, Weiqi Shi. Long-term fertilization affects functional soil organic carbon protection mechanisms in a profile of Chinese loess plateau soil. Chemosphere. 2020; 267 ():128897.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyed Atizaz Ali Shah; Minggang Xu; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Adnan Mustafa; Shah Fahad; Tufail Shah; Xueyun Yang; Wei Zhou; Shulan Zhang; Sun Nan; Weiqi Shi. 2020. "Long-term fertilization affects functional soil organic carbon protection mechanisms in a profile of Chinese loess plateau soil." Chemosphere 267, no. : 128897.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important parameter determining soil fertility and sustaining soil health. How C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios (C/N/P) regulate the nutrient availability, and SOC stabilization mechanisms have not been comprehensively explored, especially in response to long-term fertilization. The present study aimed to determine how the long-term mineral and manure fertilization influenced soil C/N/P ratios and various protection mechanisms underlying the stabilization of OC along with profile in a cropland soil. The soil was sampled from five depths, viz., 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm, 60–80 cm, and 80–100 cm, from plots comprising wheat-maize-soybean rotation system subjected to the long-term (35 years) manure and mineral fertilizer applications. Results revealed that the soil C, N, P stoichiometry and their contents in topsoil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) and subsoil depths (40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm) varied significantly (p < 0.01) among the soil layers. Compared with CK, the C, N, and P contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in NPKM in the topsoil layers, while M alone increased these contents throughout the subsoil. Overall, the C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometry decreased with the increase in depth. Regression analysis showed that C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios associated significantly with the OC fractions in the topsoil layers only. These negative correlations indicated that these ratios significantly influence the C stabilization in the surface layers. However, the results warrant further investigations to study the relationship between soil and microbial stoichiometry and SOC at various depths. Long-term manure applications improved the C sequestration not only in the topsoil but also in the deep layers; hence, these facts can be considered relevant for fertilizer recommendations in cropping systems across China.
Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Hu Xu; Tariq Aziz; Nan Sun; Adnan Mustafa; Muhammad Wajahat Aslam; Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Khalid Mehmood; Baoku Zhou; Xingzhu Ma; Xianni Chen; Minggang Xu. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization in Northeast China. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2020, 21, 705 -723.
AMA StyleMuhammad Mohsin Abrar, Hu Xu, Tariq Aziz, Nan Sun, Adnan Mustafa, Muhammad Wajahat Aslam, Syed Atizaz Ali Shah, Khalid Mehmood, Baoku Zhou, Xingzhu Ma, Xianni Chen, Minggang Xu. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization in Northeast China. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2020; 21 (2):705-723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Mohsin Abrar; Hu Xu; Tariq Aziz; Nan Sun; Adnan Mustafa; Muhammad Wajahat Aslam; Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Khalid Mehmood; Baoku Zhou; Xingzhu Ma; Xianni Chen; Minggang Xu. 2020. "Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization in Northeast China." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 2: 705-723.
Water scarcity and high input costs have compelled farmers to use untreated wastewater and industrial effluents to increase profitability of their farms. Normally, these effluents improve crop productivity by serving as carbon source for microbes, providing nutrients to plants and microbes, and improving soil physicochemical and biological properties. They, however, may also contain significant concentrations of potential heavy metals, the main inorganic pollutants affecting plant systems, in addition to soil deterioration. The continuous use of untreated industrial wastes and agrochemicals may lead to accumulation of phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils. Phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils has been reported in Pakistan along the road sides and around metropolitan areas, which may cause its higher accumulation in edible plant parts. A number of bacterial that can induce heavy metal tolerance in plants due to their ability to produce phytohormones strains have been reported. Inoculation of crop plants with these microbes can help to improve their growth and productivity under normal, as well as stressed, conditions. This review reports the recent developments in heavy metal pollution as one of the major inorganic sources, the response of plants to these contaminants, and heavy metal stress mitigation strategies. We have also summarized the exogenous application of phytohormones and, more importantly, the use of phytohormone-producing, heavy metal-tolerant rhizobacteria as one of the recent tools to deal with heavy metal contamination and improvement in productivity of agricultural systems.
Farheen Nazli; Adnan Mustafa; Maqshoof Ahmad; Azhar Hussain; Moazzam Jamil; Xiukang Wang; Qaiser Shakeel; Muhammad Imtiaz; Mohamed El-Esawi. A Review on Practical Application and Potentials of Phytohormone-Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Inducing Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9056 .
AMA StyleFarheen Nazli, Adnan Mustafa, Maqshoof Ahmad, Azhar Hussain, Moazzam Jamil, Xiukang Wang, Qaiser Shakeel, Muhammad Imtiaz, Mohamed El-Esawi. A Review on Practical Application and Potentials of Phytohormone-Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Inducing Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9056.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarheen Nazli; Adnan Mustafa; Maqshoof Ahmad; Azhar Hussain; Moazzam Jamil; Xiukang Wang; Qaiser Shakeel; Muhammad Imtiaz; Mohamed El-Esawi. 2020. "A Review on Practical Application and Potentials of Phytohormone-Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Inducing Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9056.