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A bottom-up emissions inventory is one of the most important data sets needed to understand air quality (AQ) and climate change (CC). Several emission inventories have been developed for Asia, including Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P), Regional Emission Inventory in Asia (REAS), and Inter-Continental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX) and, while these have been used successfully for many international studies, they have limitations including restricted amounts of information on pollutant types and low levels of transparency with respect to the polluting sectors or fuel types involved. To address these shortcomings, we developed: 1) a base-year, bottom-up anthropogenic emissions inventory for Asia, using the most current parameters and international frameworks (i.e., the Greenhouse gas—Air pollution INteractions and Synergies (GAINS) model); and 2) a base-year, natural emissions inventory for biogenic and biomass burning. For 1), we focused mainly on China, South Korea, and Japan; however, we also covered emission inventories for other regions in Asia using data covering recent energy/industry statistics, emission factors, and control technology penetration. The emissions inventory (Comprehensive Regional Emissions inventory for Atmospheric Transport Experiment (CREATE)) covers 54 fuel classes, 201 subsectors, and 13 pollutants, namely SO2, NOx, CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), NH3, OC, BC, PM10, PM2.5, CO2, CH4, N2O, and Hg. For the base-year natural emissions inventory, the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) and BlueSky-Asia frameworks were used to estimate biogenic and biomass burning emissions, respectively. Since the CREATE emission inventory was designed/developed using international climate change/air quality (CC/AQ) assessment frameworks, such as GAINS, and has been fully connected with the most comprehensive emissions modeling systems—such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Chemical Manufacturing Area Source (CMAS) system—it can be used to support various climate and AQ integrated modeling studies, both now and in the future.
Jung-Hun Woo; Younha Kim; Hyeon-Kook Kim; Ki-Chul Choi; Jeong-Hee Eum; Jae-Bum Lee; Jae-Hyun Lim; Jiyoung Kim; Miae Seong. Development of the CREATE Inventory in Support of Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling for Asia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7930 .
AMA StyleJung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Hyeon-Kook Kim, Ki-Chul Choi, Jeong-Hee Eum, Jae-Bum Lee, Jae-Hyun Lim, Jiyoung Kim, Miae Seong. Development of the CREATE Inventory in Support of Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling for Asia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7930.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung-Hun Woo; Younha Kim; Hyeon-Kook Kim; Ki-Chul Choi; Jeong-Hee Eum; Jae-Bum Lee; Jae-Hyun Lim; Jiyoung Kim; Miae Seong. 2020. "Development of the CREATE Inventory in Support of Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling for Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7930.
This study aims to present the atmospheric CO2 and CH4 levels and analyze their source characteristics at an observation station in a northeastern highland area of Korea for the 2012–2014 period. We summarized the measured CO2 and CH4 concentrations for the 2012–2014 period. In addition, we characterized the major source of the rise of CO2 and CH4 in Ganseong (GS) by employing bivariate polar plots (BPP) and the concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) method together with currently available information on emission sources. For the three years, CO2 was generally high in the order of winter, spring, autumn and summer and CH4 high in the order of winter, autumn, spring and summer. The observed positive correlations between the hourly CO2 and CH4 in every season suggested the possibility of shared common emission sources, but there is a necessity for elucidation on this in the future. The BPP analysis indicated the local sources that are likely to be associated with the rise of greenhouse gases (GHGs) observed at GS (combustion in the village, plant respirations nearby GS, and mobile emissions on the nearby road for CO2 and leakages from the gas stations along the road and agricultural activities for CH4). Synthesizing the CWT results together with emission source information from national and global emission inventories, we identified likely major source areas and characterized major emission sources. For example, the identified major sources for the winter CO2 are coal combustion, coal washing and industrial activities in Inner Mongolia, northern and the northeastern China, fuel burning for the energy for the infrastructure of a northwestern city in South Korea, and the manufacturing industry and fuel combustion in the northern parts of North Korea. Hopefully, these kinds of results will aid environmental researchers and decision-makers in performing more in-depth studies for GHG sources in order to derive effective mitigation strategies.
Hyeon-Kook Kim; Chang-Keun Song; Sung-Chul Hong; Myung-Hwan Shin; Jeonghyeon Seo; Sang-Kyun Kim; Youngsook Lyu. Source Characteristics of Atmospheric CO2 and CH4 in a Northeastern Highland Area of South Korea. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 509 .
AMA StyleHyeon-Kook Kim, Chang-Keun Song, Sung-Chul Hong, Myung-Hwan Shin, Jeonghyeon Seo, Sang-Kyun Kim, Youngsook Lyu. Source Characteristics of Atmospheric CO2 and CH4 in a Northeastern Highland Area of South Korea. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (5):509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeon-Kook Kim; Chang-Keun Song; Sung-Chul Hong; Myung-Hwan Shin; Jeonghyeon Seo; Sang-Kyun Kim; Youngsook Lyu. 2020. "Source Characteristics of Atmospheric CO2 and CH4 in a Northeastern Highland Area of South Korea." Atmosphere 11, no. 5: 509.
Understanding how ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM) formation respond to the precursor concentrations in the presence of biogenic emissions (BEs) and thereby changes in health effects can be a key step to design effective air quality management plans. This is particularly true in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), where future significant controls of anthropogenic sources of O3 and PM2.5 precursors are expected. In this paper, we investigate the effects of BEs on O3 and fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations during a strong photochemical air pollution season in the SMA in Korea. O3 and PM2.5 levels are modeled with and without BEs in June 2008. Further, we perform the health impact assessments (HIA) of O3 and PM2.5 concentration changes due to BEs to seek useful implications for air quality management by utilizing the adjusted exposure concentration fields for O3 and PM2.5 with an observation fusing (OBF) method. With BEs, daily maximum 8-h average O3 (maximum 8-h O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in the SMA increase by 17 and 474%, respectively. These increments are associated with significant consumption of photochemical oxidants (Ox), such as a ~ 60% reduction in OH∙ radicals. The reduction in Ox, conversely, lowers the production of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIOAs) by 2.7%. Adjusted O3 and PM2.5 exposure metrics and the subsequent HIA reveal that large mean increments of O3, about 8.43 ppb, due to BEs are responsible for approximately 62 all-cause premature mortalities in the SMA in June. However, mean increment of PM2.5 due to BEs is approximately 0.3 μg m−3 and results in negligible impacts on the all-cause mortality. Significant correlations of O3 and mortality rates (MR) with the VOC/NOx ratios across the SMA suggest that controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from anthropogenic sources can be a priority to reduce O3 levels and population health risks in the SMA. Specifically, linear relationships of log [O3] and log [MR] to log [VOC/NOx] ensure that a 10% decrease in the VOC/NOx ratios through the VOC abatements would lead to a 1.5% decrease in the O3 levels and a 4.3% decrease in the MR on average across the SMA.
Hyeon-Kook Kim; Chang-Keun Song; Kyung Man Han; Yang Dam Eo; Chul Han Song; Rokjin Park; Sung-Chul Hong; Sang-Kyun Kim; Jung-Hun Woo. Impact of biogenic emissions on early summer ozone and fine particulate matter exposure in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of Korea. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2018, 11, 1021 -1035.
AMA StyleHyeon-Kook Kim, Chang-Keun Song, Kyung Man Han, Yang Dam Eo, Chul Han Song, Rokjin Park, Sung-Chul Hong, Sang-Kyun Kim, Jung-Hun Woo. Impact of biogenic emissions on early summer ozone and fine particulate matter exposure in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of Korea. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2018; 11 (9):1021-1035.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeon-Kook Kim; Chang-Keun Song; Kyung Man Han; Yang Dam Eo; Chul Han Song; Rokjin Park; Sung-Chul Hong; Sang-Kyun Kim; Jung-Hun Woo. 2018. "Impact of biogenic emissions on early summer ozone and fine particulate matter exposure in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of Korea." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 11, no. 9: 1021-1035.
We explore the impact of Chinese future air pollutant emissions on ozone air quality in Northeast Asia (NEA) and health in South-Korea using an assessment framework including ICAMS (The Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System) and BenMAP (The Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program). The emissions data sets from the climate change scenarios, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (emission scenarios, EMSO), are used to simulate ozone air quality in NEA in the current (1996∼2005, 2000s), the near future (2016∼2025, 2020s) and the distant future (2046∼2055, 2050s). Furthermore, the simulated ozone changes in the 2050s are used to analyze ozone-related premature mortality and economic cost in South-Korea. While different EMSOs are applied to the China region, fixed EMSO are used for other country regions to isolate the impacts of the Chinese emissions. Predicted ozone changes in NEA are distinctively affected by large changes in NOx emission over most of China region. Comparing the 2020s with the 2000s situation, the largest increase in mean ozone concentrations in NEA is simulated under RCP 8.5 and similarly small increases are under other RCPs. In the 2050s in NEA, the largest increase in mean ozone concentrations is simulated under RCP 6.0 and leads to the occurrence of the highest premature mortalities and economic costs in South-Korea. Whereas, the largest decrease is simulated under RCP 4.5 leads to the highest avoided premature mortality numbers and economic costs. Our results suggest that continuous reduction of NOx emissions across the China region under an assertive climate change mitigation scenario like RCP 4.5 leads to improved future ozone air quality and health benefits in the NEA countries including South-Korea.
Hyeon-Kook Kim; Youngsook Lyu; Jung-Hun Woo; Sung-Chul Hong; Deok-Rae Kim; Jeonghyeon Seo; Myunghwan Shin; Sang-Kyun Kim. Impact of Future Chinese Emissions on Ozone Air Quality and Human Health in Northeast Asia. Journal of Climate Change Research 2016, 7, 451 -463.
AMA StyleHyeon-Kook Kim, Youngsook Lyu, Jung-Hun Woo, Sung-Chul Hong, Deok-Rae Kim, Jeonghyeon Seo, Myunghwan Shin, Sang-Kyun Kim. Impact of Future Chinese Emissions on Ozone Air Quality and Human Health in Northeast Asia. Journal of Climate Change Research. 2016; 7 (4):451-463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeon-Kook Kim; Youngsook Lyu; Jung-Hun Woo; Sung-Chul Hong; Deok-Rae Kim; Jeonghyeon Seo; Myunghwan Shin; Sang-Kyun Kim. 2016. "Impact of Future Chinese Emissions on Ozone Air Quality and Human Health in Northeast Asia." Journal of Climate Change Research 7, no. 4: 451-463.
Plant functional type (PFT) distributions affect the results of biogenic emission modeling as well as O3 and particulate matter (PM) simulations using chemistry-transport models (CTMs). This paper analyzes the variations of both surface biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and O3 concentrations due to changes in the PFT distributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas, Korea. The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Pennsylvania State Meso-scale Model (MM5)/the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN)/the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE)/the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations were implemented over the Seoul Metropolitan Areas in Korea to predict surface O3 concentrations for the period of 1 May to 31 June 2008. Starting from a performance check of CTM predictions, we consecutively assessed the effects of PFT area deviations on the MEGAN BVOC and CTM O3 predictions, and we further considered the basis of geospatial and statistical analyses. The three PFT data sets considered were (1) the Korean PFT, developed with Korea-specific vegetation database; (2) the CDP PFT, adopted from the community data portal (CDP) of US National Center for Atmospheric Research in the United States (NCAR); (3) MODIS PFT, reclassified from the NASA Terra and Aqua combined land cover products. Although the CMAQ performance check reveals that all of the three different PFT data sets are applicable choices for regulatory modeling practice, noticeable primary data (i.e., PFT and Leaf Area Index (LAI)) was observed to be missing in many geographic locations. Based on the assessed effect of such missing data on CMAQ O3 predictions, we found that this missing data can cause spatially increased bias in CMAQ O3. Thus, it must be resolved in the near future to obtain more accurate biogenic emission and chemistry transport modeling results. Comparisons of MEGAN biogenic emission results with the three different PFT data showed that broadleaf trees (BTs) are the most significant contributor, followed by needleleaf trees (NTs), shrub (SB), and herbaceous plants (HBs) to the total BVOCs. In addition, isoprene from BTs and terpene from NTs were recognized as significant primary and secondary BVOC species in terms of BVOC emissions distributions and O3-forming potentials in the study domain. A geographically weighted regression analysis with locally compensated ridge (LCR-GWR) with the different PFT data (δO3 vs. δPFTs) suggests that addition of BT, SB, and NT areas can contribute to O3 increase, whereas addition of an HB area contributes to O3 decrease in the domain. Assessment results of the simulated spatial and temporal changes of O3 distributions with the different PFT scenarios reveal that hourly and local impacts from the different PFT distributions on occasional inter-deviations of O3 are quite noticeable, reaching up to 13 ppb. The simulated maximum 1 h O3 inter-deviations between different PFT scenarios have an asymmetric diurnal distribution pattern (low in the early morning, rising during the day, peaking at 05:00 p.m., and decreasing during the night) in the study domain. Exponentially diverging hourly BVOC emissions and O3 concentrations with increasing ambient temperature suggest that the use of different PFT distribution data requires much caution when modeling (or forecasting) O3 air quality in complicated urban atmospheric conditions in terms of whether uncertainties in O3 prediction results are expected to be mild or severe.
Hong Kook Kim; J.-H. Woo; R. S. Park; C. H. Song; J.-H. Kim; S.-J. Ban; J.-H. Park. Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, 7461 -7484.
AMA StyleHong Kook Kim, J.-H. Woo, R. S. Park, C. H. Song, J.-H. Kim, S.-J. Ban, J.-H. Park. Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014; 14 (14):7461-7484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong Kook Kim; J.-H. Woo; R. S. Park; C. H. Song; J.-H. Kim; S.-J. Ban; J.-H. Park. 2014. "Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), Korea." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 14: 7461-7484.
Plant functional type (PFT) distributions affect the results of biogenic emission modeling as well as O3 and PM simulations using chemistry-transport models (CTMs). This paper analyzes the variations of both surface biogenic VOC emissions and O3 concentrations due to changes in the PFT distributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas, Korea. Also, this paper attempts to provide important implications for biogenic emissions modeling studies for CTM simulations. MM5-MEGAN-SMOKE-CMAQ model simulations were implemented over the Seoul Metropolitan Areas in Korea to predict surface O3 concentrations for the period of 1 May to 31 June 2008. Starting from MEGAN biogenic emissions analysis with three different sources of PFT input data, US EPA CMAQ O3 simulation results were evaluated by surface O3 monitoring datasets and further considered on the basis of geospatial and statistical analyses. The three PFT datasets considered were "(1)KORPFT", developed with a region specific vegetation database; (2) CDP, adopted from US NCAR; and (3) MODIS, reclassified from the NASA Terra and Aqua combined land cover products. Comparisons of MEGAN biogenic emission results with the three different PFT data showed that broadleaf trees (BT) are the most significant contributor, followed by needleleaf trees (NT), shrub (SB), and herbaceous plants (HB) to the total biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). In addition, isoprene from BT and terpene from NT were recognized as significant primary and secondary BVOC species in terms of BVOC emissions distributions and O3-forming potentials in the study domain. Multiple regression analyses with the different PFT data (δO3 vs. δPFTs) suggest that KORPFT can provide reasonable information to the framework of MEGAN biogenic emissions modeling and CTM O3 predictions. Analyses of the CMAQ performance statistics suggest that deviations of BT areas can significantly affect CMAQ isoprene and O3 predictions. From further evaluations of the isoprene and O3 prediction results, we explored the PFT area-loss artifact that occurs due to geographical disparity between the PFT and leaf area index distributions, and can cause increased bias in CMAQ O3. Thus, the PFT-loss artifact must be a source of limitation in the MEGAN biogenic emission modeling and the CTM O3 simulation results. Time changes of CMAQ O3 distributions with the different PFT scenarios suggest that hourly and local impacts from the different PFT distributions on occasional inter-deviations of O3 are quite noticeable, reaching up to 10 ppb. Exponentially diverging hourly BVOC emissions and O3 concentrations with increasing ambient temperature suggest that the use of representative PFT distributions becomes more critical for O3 air quality modeling (or forecasting) in support of air quality decision-making and human health studies.
H.-K. Kim; J.-H. Woo; R. S. Park; C. H. Song; J.-H. Kim; S.-J. Ban; J.-H. Park. Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMA), Korea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2013, 1 .
AMA StyleH.-K. Kim, J.-H. Woo, R. S. Park, C. H. Song, J.-H. Kim, S.-J. Ban, J.-H. Park. Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMA), Korea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH.-K. Kim; J.-H. Woo; R. S. Park; C. H. Song; J.-H. Kim; S.-J. Ban; J.-H. Park. 2013. "Impacts of different plant functional types on ambient ozone predictions in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMA), Korea." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , no. : 1.
In this study, the accuracy of biogenic isoprene emission fluxes over East Asia during two summer months (July and August) was examined by comparing two tropospheric HCHO columns (ΩHCHO) obtained from the SCIAMACHY sensor and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ v4.7.1) model simulations, using three available biogenic isoprene emission inventories over East Asia: i) GEIA, ii) MEGAN and iii) MOHYCAN. From this comparative analysis, the tropospheric HCHO columns from the CMAQ model simulations, using the MEGAN and MOHYCAN emission inventories (ΩCMAQ, MEGAN and ΩCMAQ, MOHYCAN), were found to agree well with the tropospheric HCHO columns from the SCIAMACHY observations (ΩSCIA). Secondly, the propagation of such uncertainties in the biogenic isoprene emission fluxes to the levels of atmospheric oxidants (e.g., OH and HO2) and other atmospheric gaseous/particulate species over East Asia during the two summer months was also investigated. As the biogenic isoprene emission fluxes decreased from the GEIA to the MEGAN emission inventories, the levels of OH radicals increased by factors of 1.39 and 1.75 over Central East China (CEC) and South China, respectively. Such increases in the OH radical mixing ratios subsequently influence the partitioning of HOy species. For example, the HO2/OH ratios from the CMAQ model simulations with GEIA isoprene emissions were 2.7 times larger than those from the CMAQ model simulations based on MEGAN isoprene emissions. The large HO2/OH ratios from the CMAQ model simulations with the GEIA biogenic emission were possibly due to the overestimation of GEIA biogenic isoprene emissions over East Asia. It was also shown that such large changes in HOx radicals created large differences on other tropospheric compounds (e.g., NOy chemistry) over East Asia during the summer months.
Kyung M. Han; R.S. Park; Hyeon-Kook Kim; J.H. Woo; J. Kim; C.H. Song. Uncertainty in biogenic isoprene emissions and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry in East Asia. Science of The Total Environment 2013, 463-464, 754 -771.
AMA StyleKyung M. Han, R.S. Park, Hyeon-Kook Kim, J.H. Woo, J. Kim, C.H. Song. Uncertainty in biogenic isoprene emissions and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry in East Asia. Science of The Total Environment. 2013; 463-464 ():754-771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyung M. Han; R.S. Park; Hyeon-Kook Kim; J.H. Woo; J. Kim; C.H. Song. 2013. "Uncertainty in biogenic isoprene emissions and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry in East Asia." Science of The Total Environment 463-464, no. : 754-771.
Modeling of Emissions from Open Biomass Burning in Asia Using the BlueSky Framework Open biomass burning;Atmospheric emissions;MODIS;BlueSky Framework;Asia; Open biomass burning (excluding biofuels) is an important contributor to air pollution in the Asian region. Estimation of emissions from fires, however, has been problematic, primarily because of uncertainty in the size and location of sources and in their temporal and spatial variability. Hence, more comprehensive tools to estimate wildfire emissions and that can characterize their temporal and spatial variability are needed. Furthermore, an emission processing system that can generate speciated, gridded, and temporally allocated emissions is needed to support air-quality modeling studies over Asia. For these reasons, a biomass-burning emissions modeling system based on satellite imagery was developed to better account for the spatial and temporal distributions of emissions. The BlueSky Framework, which was developed by the USDA Forest Service and US EPA, was used to develop the Asian biomass-burning emissions modeling system. The sub-models used for this study were the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), CONSUME, and the Emissions Production Model (EPM). Our domain covers not only Asia but also Siberia and part of central Asia to assess the large boreal fires in the region. The MODIS fire products and vegetation map were used in this study. Using the developed modeling system, biomass-burning emissions were estimated during April and July 2008, and the results were compared with previous studies. Our results show good to fair agreement with those of GFEDv3 for most regions, ranging from 9.7 % in East Asia to 52% in Siberia. The SMOKE modeling system was combined with this system to generate three-dimensional model-ready emissions employing the fire-plume rise algorithm. This study suggests a practicable and maintainable methodology for supporting Asian air-quality modeling studies and to help understand the impact of air-pollutant emissions on Asian air quality.
Ki-Chul Choi; Jung-Hun Woo; Hyeon-Kook Kim; Jieun Choi; Jeong-Hee Eum; Bok Haeng Baek. Modeling of Emissions from Open Biomass Burning in Asia Using the BlueSky Framework. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 2013, 7, 25 -37.
AMA StyleKi-Chul Choi, Jung-Hun Woo, Hyeon-Kook Kim, Jieun Choi, Jeong-Hee Eum, Bok Haeng Baek. Modeling of Emissions from Open Biomass Burning in Asia Using the BlueSky Framework. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment. 2013; 7 (1):25-37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKi-Chul Choi; Jung-Hun Woo; Hyeon-Kook Kim; Jieun Choi; Jeong-Hee Eum; Bok Haeng Baek. 2013. "Modeling of Emissions from Open Biomass Burning in Asia Using the BlueSky Framework." Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 7, no. 1: 25-37.
Jung-Hun Woo; Ki-Chul Choi; Hyeon-Kook Kim; Bok H. Baek; Meongdo Jang; Jeong-Hee Eum; Chul Han Song; Young-Il Ma; Young Sunwoo; Lim-Seok Chang; Seung Heon Yoo. Development of an anthropogenic emissions processing system for Asia using SMOKE. Atmospheric Environment 2012, 58, 5 -13.
AMA StyleJung-Hun Woo, Ki-Chul Choi, Hyeon-Kook Kim, Bok H. Baek, Meongdo Jang, Jeong-Hee Eum, Chul Han Song, Young-Il Ma, Young Sunwoo, Lim-Seok Chang, Seung Heon Yoo. Development of an anthropogenic emissions processing system for Asia using SMOKE. Atmospheric Environment. 2012; 58 ():5-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung-Hun Woo; Ki-Chul Choi; Hyeon-Kook Kim; Bok H. Baek; Meongdo Jang; Jeong-Hee Eum; Chul Han Song; Young-Il Ma; Young Sunwoo; Lim-Seok Chang; Seung Heon Yoo. 2012. "Development of an anthropogenic emissions processing system for Asia using SMOKE." Atmospheric Environment 58, no. : 5-13.
Jooyoung Lee -; Kim Yong Kye -; HyeonKook Kim -; Kichul Choi -; Hyoungseok Kim -; Hangi Jo -. Monitoring Service for Providing The Air Pollutant Degree Using Mobile Virtual Environment. International Journal of Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management 2012, 2, 22 -26.
AMA StyleJooyoung Lee -, Kim Yong Kye -, HyeonKook Kim -, Kichul Choi -, Hyoungseok Kim -, Hangi Jo -. Monitoring Service for Providing The Air Pollutant Degree Using Mobile Virtual Environment. International Journal of Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management. 2012; 2 (1):22-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJooyoung Lee -; Kim Yong Kye -; HyeonKook Kim -; Kichul Choi -; Hyoungseok Kim -; Hangi Jo -. 2012. "Monitoring Service for Providing The Air Pollutant Degree Using Mobile Virtual Environment." International Journal of Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management 2, no. 1: 22-26.
Aged smoke from a prescribed fire (dominated by conifers) impacted Atlanta, GA on 28 February 2007 and dramatically increased hourly ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and organic carbon (OC) up to 140 and 72 μg m−3, respectively. It was estimated that over 1 million residents were exposed to the smoky air lasting from the late afternoon to midnight. To better understand the processes impacting the aging of fire plumes, a detailed chemical speciation of carbonaceous aerosols was conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Ambient concentrations of many organic species (levoglucosan, resin acids, retene, n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids) associated with wood burning emission were significantly elevated on the event day. Levoglucosan increased by a factor of 10, while hopanes, steranes, cholesterol and major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) did not show obvious increases. Strong odd over even carbon number predominance was found for n-alkanes versus even over odd predominance for n-alkanoic acids. Alteration of resin acids during transport from burning sites to monitors is suggested by the observations. Our study also suggests that large quantities of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were released both as products of combustion and unburned vegetation heated by the fire. Higher leaf temperature can stimulate biogenic VOC and SVOC emissions, which enhanced formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. This is supported by elevated ambient concentrations of secondary organic tracers (dicarboxylic acids, 2-methyltetrols, pinonic acid and pinic acid). An approximate source profile was built for the aged fire plume to help better understand evolution of wood smoke emission and for use in source impact assessment.
B. Yan; M. Zheng; Y. T. Hu; S. Lee; H. K. Kim; A. G. Russell. Organic composition of carbonaceous aerosols in an aged prescribed fire plume. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2008, 8, 6381 -6394.
AMA StyleB. Yan, M. Zheng, Y. T. Hu, S. Lee, H. K. Kim, A. G. Russell. Organic composition of carbonaceous aerosols in an aged prescribed fire plume. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2008; 8 (21):6381-6394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Yan; M. Zheng; Y. T. Hu; S. Lee; H. K. Kim; A. G. Russell. 2008. "Organic composition of carbonaceous aerosols in an aged prescribed fire plume." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 21: 6381-6394.
An unanticipated wind shift led to the advection of plumes from two prescribed burning sites that impacted Atlanta, GA, producing a heavy smoke event late in the afternoon on February 28, 2007. Observed PM2.5 concentrations increased to over 140 µg/m3 and O3 concentrations up to 30 ppb in a couple of hours, despite the late hour in February when photochemistry is less vigorous. A detailed investigation of PM2.5 chemical composition and source apportionment analysis showed that the increase in PM2.5 mass was driven mainly by organic carbon (OC). However, both results from source apportionment and an observed nonlinear relationship between OC and PM2.5 potassium (K) indicate that the increased OC was not due solely to primary emissions. Most of the OC was water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and was dominated by hydrophobic compounds. The data are consistent with large enhancements in isoprenoid (isoprene and monoterpenes) and other volatile organic compounds emitted from prescribed burning that led to both significant O3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. Formation of oligomers from oxidation products of isoprenoid compounds or condensation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with multiple functional groups emitted during prescribed burning appears to be a major component of the secondary organic contributor of the SOA. The results from this study imply that enhanced emissions due to the fire itself and elevated temperature in the burning region should be considered in air quality models (e.g., receptor and emission-based models) to assess impacts of prescribed burning emissions on ambient air quality.
Sangil Lee; Hyeon-Kook Kim; Bo Yan; Charles E. Cobb; Christopher Hennigan; Sara Nichols; Michael Chamber; Eric S. Edgerton; John J. Jansen; Yongtao Hu; Mei Zheng; Rodney J. Weber; Armistead G. Russell. Diagnosis of Aged Prescribed Burning Plumes Impacting an Urban Area. Environmental Science & Technology 2008, 42, 1438 -1444.
AMA StyleSangil Lee, Hyeon-Kook Kim, Bo Yan, Charles E. Cobb, Christopher Hennigan, Sara Nichols, Michael Chamber, Eric S. Edgerton, John J. Jansen, Yongtao Hu, Mei Zheng, Rodney J. Weber, Armistead G. Russell. Diagnosis of Aged Prescribed Burning Plumes Impacting an Urban Area. Environmental Science & Technology. 2008; 42 (5):1438-1444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSangil Lee; Hyeon-Kook Kim; Bo Yan; Charles E. Cobb; Christopher Hennigan; Sara Nichols; Michael Chamber; Eric S. Edgerton; John J. Jansen; Yongtao Hu; Mei Zheng; Rodney J. Weber; Armistead G. Russell. 2008. "Diagnosis of Aged Prescribed Burning Plumes Impacting an Urban Area." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 5: 1438-1444.
Hyeon-Kook Kim; Yong-Seung Shin; Ng-Soo Lee; Byung-Joo Song; Jong-Guk Kim. ESTIMATION OF RAIN SCAVENGING RATIO FOR PARTICLE BOUND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS. Environmental Engineering Research 2006, 11, 33 -44.
AMA StyleHyeon-Kook Kim, Yong-Seung Shin, Ng-Soo Lee, Byung-Joo Song, Jong-Guk Kim. ESTIMATION OF RAIN SCAVENGING RATIO FOR PARTICLE BOUND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS. Environmental Engineering Research. 2006; 11 (1):33-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeon-Kook Kim; Yong-Seung Shin; Ng-Soo Lee; Byung-Joo Song; Jong-Guk Kim. 2006. "ESTIMATION OF RAIN SCAVENGING RATIO FOR PARTICLE BOUND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS." Environmental Engineering Research 11, no. 1: 33-44.