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In Poland, the development of photovoltaic (PV) installations is an important element in the development of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) sector and supports the prosumer power industry. The purpose of the article is to present a case study of the PROSUMENT program. It analyzes the data available to date on the development of the PV market in Poland. Apart from the costs of installing the PV systems, the article analyzes the profitability of investment for different micro-power installation capacities. A calculation for micro-power installations subsidized under the PROSUMENT program for various PV capacities is presented, along with the actual amount of the subsidy. The adopted calculation methodology is a comparative verification analysis of the investment cost estimate for a for the two studied PV facilities, i.e., Micro-power installation 1 and Micro-power installation 2. The building’s annual energy demand was adopted at the same level for both examples, with fixed active energy and distribution fees. The study includes a cost estimate for installing the PV systems and the profitability of the investments for various micro-power installation capacities. The analysis of the subsidy under the PROSUMENT program demonstrated that, in the analyzed period of 2016–2020, the best results were achieved by investments with a capacity of 10 kWp. In terms of the net subsidy value, the best results ranged between 27.20 and 19.10% of the total investment costs. Development of the Polish prosumer power market requires building public awareness of prosumer power production as an opportunity for the growth of the Polish economy.
Anna Szeląg-Sikora; Jakub Sikora; Marcin Niemiec; Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Marcin Suder; Maciej Kuboń; Tomasz Borkowski; Gabriela Malik. Solar Power: Stellar Profit or Astronomic Cost? A Case Study of Photovoltaic Installations under Poland’s National Prosumer Policy in 2016–2020. Energies 2021, 14, 4233 .
AMA StyleAnna Szeląg-Sikora, Jakub Sikora, Marcin Niemiec, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Marcin Suder, Maciej Kuboń, Tomasz Borkowski, Gabriela Malik. Solar Power: Stellar Profit or Astronomic Cost? A Case Study of Photovoltaic Installations under Poland’s National Prosumer Policy in 2016–2020. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Szeląg-Sikora; Jakub Sikora; Marcin Niemiec; Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Marcin Suder; Maciej Kuboń; Tomasz Borkowski; Gabriela Malik. 2021. "Solar Power: Stellar Profit or Astronomic Cost? A Case Study of Photovoltaic Installations under Poland’s National Prosumer Policy in 2016–2020." Energies 14, no. 14: 4233.
The purpose of the article is to identify and estimate the dependency model for the extreme prices of agricultural products listed on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The article presents the results of the first stage of research covering the time interval 1975–2010. The selected products are: Corn, soybean and wheat. The analysis of the dependency between extreme price values on the selected futures was based on the estimation of five models of two-dimensional extreme value copulas, namely, the Galambos copula, the Gumbel copula, the Husler–Reiss copula, the Tawn asymmetric copula and the t-EV copula. The next stage of the analysis was to test whether the structure of the dependency described with the estimated copulas is a sufficient approximation of reality, and whether it is suitable for modeling empirical data. The quality of matching the estimated copulas to empirical data of return rates of agricultural products was assessed. For this purpose, the Kendall coefficient was calculated, and the methodology of the empirical combining function was used. The conducted research allowed for the determination of the conduct for this kind of phenomena as it is crucial in the process of investing in derivatives markets. The analyzed phenomena are highly dependent on e.g., financial crises, war, or market speculation but also on drought, fires, rainfall, or even crop oversupply. The conducted analysis is of key importance in terms of balancing agricultural production on a global scale. It should be emphasized that conducting market analysis of agricultural products at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in the context of competition with the agricultural market of the European Union is of significant importance.
Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Gabriela Malik; Danuta Kajrunajtys; Anna Szeląg-Sikora; Jakub Sikora; Maciej Kuboń; Marcin Niemiec; Joanna Kapusta-Duch. Modeling the Dependency between Extreme Prices of Selected Agricultural Products on the Derivatives Market Using the Linkage Function. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4144 .
AMA StyleZofia Gródek-Szostak, Gabriela Malik, Danuta Kajrunajtys, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Jakub Sikora, Maciej Kuboń, Marcin Niemiec, Joanna Kapusta-Duch. Modeling the Dependency between Extreme Prices of Selected Agricultural Products on the Derivatives Market Using the Linkage Function. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZofia Gródek-Szostak; Gabriela Malik; Danuta Kajrunajtys; Anna Szeląg-Sikora; Jakub Sikora; Maciej Kuboń; Marcin Niemiec; Joanna Kapusta-Duch. 2019. "Modeling the Dependency between Extreme Prices of Selected Agricultural Products on the Derivatives Market Using the Linkage Function." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4144.
Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Danuta Kajrunajtys; Gabriela Malik; Anna Szeląg-Sikora. Activities of local government at stimulating innovativeness in the learning region – study of Lesser Poland voivodeship. European Journal of Service Management 2018, 27, 175 -181.
AMA StyleZofia Gródek-Szostak, Danuta Kajrunajtys, Gabriela Malik, Anna Szeląg-Sikora. Activities of local government at stimulating innovativeness in the learning region – study of Lesser Poland voivodeship. European Journal of Service Management. 2018; 27 ():175-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZofia Gródek-Szostak; Danuta Kajrunajtys; Gabriela Malik; Anna Szeląg-Sikora. 2018. "Activities of local government at stimulating innovativeness in the learning region – study of Lesser Poland voivodeship." European Journal of Service Management 27, no. : 175-181.