This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
This aim of this work was to develop an integrated fault location and restoration approach for microgrids (MGs). The work contains two parts. Part I presents the fault location algorithm, and Part II shows the restoration algorithm. The proposed algorithms are implemented by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The fault location algorithm is based on network connection matrices, which are the modifications of bus-injection to branch-current and branch-current to bus-voltage (BCBV) matrices, to form the new system topology. The backward/forward sweep approach is used for the prefault power flow analysis. After the occurrence of a fault, the voltage variation at each bus is calculated by using the Zbus modification algorithm to modify Zbus. Subsequently, the voltage error matrix is computed to search for the fault section by using PSO. After the allocation of the fault section, the multi-objective function is implemented by PSO for optimal restoration with its constraints. Finally, the IEEE 37-bus test system connected to distributed generations was utilized as the sample system for a series simulation and analysis. The outcomes demonstrated that the proposed optimal algorithm can effectively solve fault location and restoration problems in MGs.
Wei-Chen Lin; Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Hong-Ting Chen; Chun-Chiang Ma. Fault Location and Restoration of Microgrids via Particle Swarm Optimization. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7036 .
AMA StyleWei-Chen Lin, Wei-Tzer Huang, Kai-Chao Yao, Hong-Ting Chen, Chun-Chiang Ma. Fault Location and Restoration of Microgrids via Particle Swarm Optimization. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (15):7036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Chen Lin; Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Hong-Ting Chen; Chun-Chiang Ma. 2021. "Fault Location and Restoration of Microgrids via Particle Swarm Optimization." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15: 7036.
Solar modules under partial shading (PS) conditions will result in power and voltage characteristic curves (P-VCC) having multiple peaks. If the maximum power point cannot be obtained, the output power of the solar modules will be greatly reduced. Hence, there have been various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control methods developed to address this problem. One alternative is to employ the meta-heuristic approach (MHA) to track the global maximum power point (GMPP). Recently, a new MHA called Bat Algorithm (BA) has performed well in the MPPT. Nevertheless, BA may fail to track the GMPP when there are some local maximum power points (LMPPs) close to the GMPP. Also, the tracking time needs to be further reduced to accommodate rapidly changing irradiance. Therefore, a combination of BA with the abandonment mechanism of Cuckoo Search (CS) is proposed to improve the tracking performance of the BA. Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method, as compared to BA, yields better accuracy and an improvement of convergence speed of about 35% for various P-VCCs can be achieved. Moreover, the MBA has also been tested against some of the state-of-the-art MPPT algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and the results showed the superiority of the proposed method.
Chih Yu Liao; Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto; Ibrahim Saiful Millah; Kuo Lung Lian; Wei-Tzer Huang. An Improved Bat Algorithm for More Efficient and Faster Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 96378 -96390.
AMA StyleChih Yu Liao, Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto, Ibrahim Saiful Millah, Kuo Lung Lian, Wei-Tzer Huang. An Improved Bat Algorithm for More Efficient and Faster Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):96378-96390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChih Yu Liao; Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto; Ibrahim Saiful Millah; Kuo Lung Lian; Wei-Tzer Huang. 2020. "An Improved Bat Algorithm for More Efficient and Faster Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 96378-96390.
An increase in the neutral current results in a malfunction of the low energy over current (LCO) protective relay and raises the neutral-to-ground voltage in three-phase, four-wire radial distribution feeders. Thus, the key point for mitigating its effect is to keep the current under a specific level. The most common approach for reducing the neutral current caused by the inherent imbalance of distribution feeders is to rearrange the phase connection between the distribution transformers and the load tapped-off points by using the metaheuristics algorithms. However, the primary task is to obtain the effective load data for phase rearrangement; otherwise, the outcomes would not be worthy of practical application. In this paper, the effective load data can be received from the feeder terminal unit (FTU) installed along the feeder of Taipower. The net load data consisting of customers’ power consumption and the power generation of distributed energy resources (DERs) were measured and transmitted to the feeder dispatch control center (FDCC). This paper proposes a method of establishing the equivalent full-scale net load model based on FTU data format, and the long short-term memory (LSTM) was adopted for monthly load forecasting. Furthermore, the full-scale net load model was built by the monthly per hour load data. Next, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was applied to rearrange the phase connection of the distribution transformers with the aim of minimizing the neutral current. The outcomes of this paper are helpful for the optimal setting of the limit current of the LCO relay and to avoid its malfunction. Furthermore, the proposed method can also improve the three-phase imbalance of distribution feeders, thus reducing extra power loss and increasing the operating efficiency of three-phase induction motors.
Yih-Der Lee; Jheng-Lun Jiang; Yuan-Hsiang Ho; Wei-Chen Lin; Hsin-Ching Chih; Wei-Tzer Huang. Neutral Current Reduction in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Feeders by Optimal Phase Arrangement Based on a Full-Scale Net Load Model Derived from the FTU Data. Energies 2020, 13, 1844 .
AMA StyleYih-Der Lee, Jheng-Lun Jiang, Yuan-Hsiang Ho, Wei-Chen Lin, Hsin-Ching Chih, Wei-Tzer Huang. Neutral Current Reduction in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Feeders by Optimal Phase Arrangement Based on a Full-Scale Net Load Model Derived from the FTU Data. Energies. 2020; 13 (7):1844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYih-Der Lee; Jheng-Lun Jiang; Yuan-Hsiang Ho; Wei-Chen Lin; Hsin-Ching Chih; Wei-Tzer Huang. 2020. "Neutral Current Reduction in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Feeders by Optimal Phase Arrangement Based on a Full-Scale Net Load Model Derived from the FTU Data." Energies 13, no. 7: 1844.
This work aims to develop an integrated fault location and restoration approach for microgrids (MGs). This work contains two parts. Part I presents the fault location algorithm, and Part II shows the restoration algorithm. The proposed algorithms are implemented by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The fault location algorithm is based on network connection matrices, which are the modifications of bus-injection to branch-current and branch-current to bus-voltage (BCBV) matrices, to form the new system topology. The backward/forward sweep approach is used for the prefault power flow analysis. After the occurrence of fault, the voltage variation at each bus is calculated by using the Zbus modification algorithm to modify Zbus. Subsequently, the voltage error matrix is computed to search for the fault section by using PSO. After the allocation of the fault section, the multi-objective function is implemented by PSO for optimal restoration with its constraints. Finally, the IEEE 37-bus test system connected to distributed generations is utilized as the sample system for a series simulation and analysis. The outcomes demonstrated that the proposed optimal algorithm can effectively solve the fault location and restoration problem in MGs.
Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Feng-Ying Wang; Chun-Chiang Ma; Hong-Ting Chen; Ping-Hsuan Hsieh. Particle Swam Optimization Based Fault Location and Restoration Approach in Microgrids. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang, Kai-Chao Yao, Feng-Ying Wang, Chun-Chiang Ma, Hong-Ting Chen, Ping-Hsuan Hsieh. Particle Swam Optimization Based Fault Location and Restoration Approach in Microgrids. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Feng-Ying Wang; Chun-Chiang Ma; Hong-Ting Chen; Ping-Hsuan Hsieh. 2019. "Particle Swam Optimization Based Fault Location and Restoration Approach in Microgrids." , no. : 1.
This study proposes an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) control algorithm for capacitive touch panels (CTPs) under the radiation effect of commercial fluorescent lamp. The predicted covariance matrix of proposed algorithm is timely updated by 2D gesture compensation. It adaptively adjusts the filter correction manner between fast tracking and smoothing modes. The trajectory area and velocity concept builds up the compensation method and proves in the real time practice by a microprocessor unit. The electromagnetic radiation effect is investigated to obtain the lamp emission noise level. A comprehensive system structure provides the flexibility and efficiency in competing with different algorithms for comparison. A microprocessor unit completed the AKF method calculation in 8.23 ms under fluorescent lamp lightening condition in real time. All Python environments are implemented in the merit of hardware peripheral support, rich programming environments and open source modules.
Hsin-Ching Chih; Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao. Fluorescent Lamp Effect Correction on Capacitive Touch Panel by Timely Update Predicted Covariance Matrix. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2018, 66, 5508 -5515.
AMA StyleHsin-Ching Chih, Wei-Tzer Huang, Kai-Chao Yao. Fluorescent Lamp Effect Correction on Capacitive Touch Panel by Timely Update Predicted Covariance Matrix. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2018; 66 (7):5508-5515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Ching Chih; Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao. 2018. "Fluorescent Lamp Effect Correction on Capacitive Touch Panel by Timely Update Predicted Covariance Matrix." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 7: 5508-5515.
The expression and calculation of transmission loss (TL) play key roles for solving the power system economic dispatch (ED) problem. ED including TL must compute the total TL and incremental transmission loss (ITL) by executing power flow equations. However, solving the power flow equations is time-consuming and may result in divergence by the iteration procedure. This approach is unsuitable for real-time ED in practical power systems. To avoid solving nonlinear power flow equations, most power companies continue to adopt the TL formula in ED. Traditional loss formulas are composed of network parameters and in terms of the generator’s real power outputs. These formulas are derived by several assumptions, but these basic assumptions sacrifice accuracy. In this study, a new expression for the loss formula is proposed to improve the shortcomings of traditional loss formulas. The coefficients in the new loss formula can be obtained by recording the power losses according to varying real and reactive power outputs without any assumptions. The simultaneous equations of the second-order expansion of the Taylor series are then established. Finally, the corresponding coefficients can be calculated by solving the simultaneous equations. These new coefficients can be used in optimal real and reactive power dispatch problems. The proposed approach is tested by IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus systems, and the results are compared with those obtained from the traditional B coefficient method and the load flow method. The numerical results show that the proposed new loss formula for ED can hold high accuracy for different loading conditions and is very suitable for real-time applications.
Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Ming-Ku Chen; Feng-Ying Wang; Cang-Hui Zhu; Yung-Ruei Chang; Yih-Der Lee; Yuan-Hsiang Ho. Derivation and Application of a New Transmission Loss Formula for Power System Economic Dispatch. Energies 2018, 11, 417 .
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang, Kai-Chao Yao, Ming-Ku Chen, Feng-Ying Wang, Cang-Hui Zhu, Yung-Ruei Chang, Yih-Der Lee, Yuan-Hsiang Ho. Derivation and Application of a New Transmission Loss Formula for Power System Economic Dispatch. Energies. 2018; 11 (2):417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Ming-Ku Chen; Feng-Ying Wang; Cang-Hui Zhu; Yung-Ruei Chang; Yih-Der Lee; Yuan-Hsiang Ho. 2018. "Derivation and Application of a New Transmission Loss Formula for Power System Economic Dispatch." Energies 11, no. 2: 417.
The inclusion of microgrids (MGs) in power systems, especially distribution-substation-level MGs, significantly affects power systems because of the large volumes of import and export power flows. Consequently, power dispatch has become complicated, and finding an optimal solution is difficult. In this study, a three-stage optimal power dispatch model is proposed to solve such dispatch problems. In the proposed model, the entire power system is divided into two parts, namely, the main power grid and MGs. The optimal power dispatch problem is resolved on the basis of multi-area concepts. In stage I, the main power system economic dispatch (ED) problem is solved by sensitive factors. In stage II, the optimal power dispatches of the local MGs are addressed via an improved direct search method. In stage III, the incremental linear models for the entire power system can be established on the basis of the solutions of the previous two stages and can be subjected to linear programming to determine the optimal reschedules from the original dispatch solutions. The proposed method is coded using Matlab and tested by utilizing an IEEE 14-bus test system to verify its feasibility and accuracy. Results demonstrated that the proposed approach can be used for the ED of power systems with MGs as virtual power plants.
Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Chun-Ching Wu; Yung-Ruei Chang; Yih-Der Lee; Yuan-Hsiang Ho. A Three-Stage Optimal Approach for Power System Economic Dispatch Considering Microgrids. Energies 2016, 9, 976 .
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang, Kai-Chao Yao, Chun-Ching Wu, Yung-Ruei Chang, Yih-Der Lee, Yuan-Hsiang Ho. A Three-Stage Optimal Approach for Power System Economic Dispatch Considering Microgrids. Energies. 2016; 9 (11):976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Chun-Ching Wu; Yung-Ruei Chang; Yih-Der Lee; Yuan-Hsiang Ho. 2016. "A Three-Stage Optimal Approach for Power System Economic Dispatch Considering Microgrids." Energies 9, no. 11: 976.
Wei-Tzer Huang. Optimal Schedule of Distributed Generation in a Grid-Tied Micro-grid via Minimum Incremental Cost Approach. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 2016, 8, 244 -249.
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang. Optimal Schedule of Distributed Generation in a Grid-Tied Micro-grid via Minimum Incremental Cost Approach. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering. 2016; 8 (3):244-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang. 2016. "Optimal Schedule of Distributed Generation in a Grid-Tied Micro-grid via Minimum Incremental Cost Approach." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 8, no. 3: 244-249.
This study aimed to minimize energy losses in traditional distribution networks and microgrids through a network reconfiguration and phase balancing approach. To address this problem, an algorithm composed of a multi-objective function and operation constraints is proposed. Network connection matrices based on graph theory and the backward/forward sweep method are used to analyze power flow. A minimizing energy loss approach is developed for network reconfiguration and phase balancing, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted to solve this optimal combination problem. The proposed approach is tested on the IEEE 37-bus test system and the first outdoor microgrid test bed established by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) in Taiwan. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two-stage approach can be applied in network reconfiguration to minimize energy loss.
Wei-Tzer Huang; Tsai-Hsiang Chen; Hong-Ting Chen; Jhih-Siang Yang; Kuo-Lung Lian; Yung-Ruei Chang; Yih-Der Lee; Yuan-Hsiang Ho. A Two-stage Optimal Network Reconfiguration Approach for Minimizing Energy Loss of Distribution Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. Energies 2015, 8, 13894 -13910.
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang, Tsai-Hsiang Chen, Hong-Ting Chen, Jhih-Siang Yang, Kuo-Lung Lian, Yung-Ruei Chang, Yih-Der Lee, Yuan-Hsiang Ho. A Two-stage Optimal Network Reconfiguration Approach for Minimizing Energy Loss of Distribution Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. Energies. 2015; 8 (12):13894-13910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang; Tsai-Hsiang Chen; Hong-Ting Chen; Jhih-Siang Yang; Kuo-Lung Lian; Yung-Ruei Chang; Yih-Der Lee; Yuan-Hsiang Ho. 2015. "A Two-stage Optimal Network Reconfiguration Approach for Minimizing Energy Loss of Distribution Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." Energies 8, no. 12: 13894-13910.
The calculation of the magnitudes and phase angles of the bus voltage is a challenging task in real-time applications for power systems. Voltage profile, which denotes the present conditions of a power system, is determined by executing the traditional AC power flow program or by searching the supervisory control and data acquisition system. The AC power flow program is not suitable for several real-time applications, such as contingency analysis and security control calculations, because of its complexity and convergence problems. Fast computation is the major concern in such applications. In this paper, a new method based on sensitivity factors, referred to as Jacobian-based distribution factors (JBDFs), is proposed for calculating the magnitudes and phase angles of bus voltages. This method requires setting up JBDFs and deriving optimal solution paths of bus voltage for non-swing buses through dynamic programming under base-case loading conditions. Under real-time conditions, the proposed method initially calculates real and reactive power line flows via JBDFs, and then computes the voltage magnitudes and phase angles of non-swing buses through the derived optimal solution paths. The excellence of the proposed hybrid calculation method is verified by IEEE test systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits fast computation and high accuracy. Thus, the method is suitable for real-time applications. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Chun-Ching Wu. Real-time calculation of power system bus voltage using a hybrid approach combining the Newton-Raphson method and dynamic programming. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2015, 10, S34 -S41.
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang, Kai-Chao Yao, Chun-Ching Wu. Real-time calculation of power system bus voltage using a hybrid approach combining the Newton-Raphson method and dynamic programming. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2015; 10 ():S34-S41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Chun-Ching Wu. 2015. "Real-time calculation of power system bus voltage using a hybrid approach combining the Newton-Raphson method and dynamic programming." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 10, no. : S34-S41.
This paper proposes a simple and efficient approach for the optimal dispatch in a medium-voltage microgrid (MG) with various types of distributed generation (DG). The fuel costs generated by these DGs are determined using quadratic and linear functions dependent on the types of DGs. Instead of using the traditional Lagrange multiplier method for power system economic dispatch, the proposed direct search method (DSM) approach is able to handle several inequality constraints without introducing any multipliers and furthermore it can solve the non-derivative problems or the fuel cost functions being much more complicated. Accordingly, the DSM is proposed for determining the optimal dispatch of MGs with various types of DG to minimize generation costs under grid-tied and autonomous operations. Results demonstrate that the proposed DSM is a highly suitable and simple approach to determining the optimal dispatch in medium-voltage MGs with various types of DG.
Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Chun-Ching Wu. Using the Direct Search Method for Optimal Dispatch of Distributed Generation in a Medium-Voltage Microgrid. Energies 2014, 7, 8355 -8373.
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang, Kai-Chao Yao, Chun-Ching Wu. Using the Direct Search Method for Optimal Dispatch of Distributed Generation in a Medium-Voltage Microgrid. Energies. 2014; 7 (12):8355-8373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Chun-Ching Wu. 2014. "Using the Direct Search Method for Optimal Dispatch of Distributed Generation in a Medium-Voltage Microgrid." Energies 7, no. 12: 8355-8373.
This paper proposes an effective approach for planning a load transfer substation pair(LTSP) between two normally closed-loop feeders considering minimization of system power losses. Firstly, the annual equivalent load of each load point is calculated. Then, a genetic algorithm-based (GA-Based) approach has been proposed to solve this optimization problem. The objective is minimization of the annual system power losses. Finally, the optimal LTSP was chosen considering minimizing annual system power losses and the maximum voltage drops at each bus as well as ampere capacities of each feeder segment. The method presents in this paper are valuable to distribution engineers for planning the LTSPs between normally closed-loop feeders.
Wei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Shiuan-Tai Chen; Hsiau-Hsian Nien; Deng-Chung Lin; Po-Tung Huang. Optimal Planning of a Load Transfer Substation Pair between Two Normally Closed-Loop Feeders Considering Minimization of System Power Losses Using a Genetic Algorithm. 2010 Fourth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing 2010, 453 -456.
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang, Kai-Chao Yao, Shiuan-Tai Chen, Hsiau-Hsian Nien, Deng-Chung Lin, Po-Tung Huang. Optimal Planning of a Load Transfer Substation Pair between Two Normally Closed-Loop Feeders Considering Minimization of System Power Losses Using a Genetic Algorithm. 2010 Fourth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing. 2010; ():453-456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang; Kai-Chao Yao; Shiuan-Tai Chen; Hsiau-Hsian Nien; Deng-Chung Lin; Po-Tung Huang. 2010. "Optimal Planning of a Load Transfer Substation Pair between Two Normally Closed-Loop Feeders Considering Minimization of System Power Losses Using a Genetic Algorithm." 2010 Fourth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing , no. : 453-456.
This paper develops an optimal robust control algorithm for finding digital computer control of decentralized stochastic singularly-perturbed large-scale actuator type systems with multiple time varying delays. Due to the derived algorithm concerns at each moment, the found controller is also suitable in the time varying condition. Moreover, this system possesses the fast response characteristics of the subsystems. The system order can be reduced and the analysis process can be simplified. . This noise-disturbed, time varying and multiple delay system can be often seen in practical computer controlled large-scale systems such as electric power systems, communication networks, cyber networks, and aerospace systems. Finally, the optimal cost is also obtained.
Kai-Chao Yao; Der-Fa Chen; Wei-Tzer Huang. Digital Control Design of Decentralized Stochastic Singularly-Perturbed Large-Scale Actuator Type Systems with Multiple Time-Varying Delays. 2008 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control 2008, 167 -167.
AMA StyleKai-Chao Yao, Der-Fa Chen, Wei-Tzer Huang. Digital Control Design of Decentralized Stochastic Singularly-Perturbed Large-Scale Actuator Type Systems with Multiple Time-Varying Delays. 2008 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control. 2008; ():167-167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai-Chao Yao; Der-Fa Chen; Wei-Tzer Huang. 2008. "Digital Control Design of Decentralized Stochastic Singularly-Perturbed Large-Scale Actuator Type Systems with Multiple Time-Varying Delays." 2008 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control , no. : 167-167.
A new sensitivity factor which is called ZBUS distribution factor (ZBDF) to calculate active and reactive three-phase line flows for distribution automation is proposed in this paper. This method is associated with both the changes of individual phase-active and reactive power injection at each bus into the three-phase real and reactive power line flows. Hence, the proposed ZBDF reflects load changes to the line flows, while the loading conditions change from the base case loads. Accordingly, the existing implicit ZBUS Gauss method is applied to solve for the base case three-phase power flow (TPPF). Based on the power flow solutions, the ZBUS matrix, the primitive line impedance, and the changes of the individual phase-active and reactive power at each bus, the three-phase line flows for distribution automation are determined accurately and rapidly from the presented method without any iteration. Finally, a sample system is used to verify the developed approach. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method not only provides high-speed computation, but also can be applied to distribution automation.
Wei-Tzer Huang; Shiuan-Tai Chen; Kai-Chao Yao; Chun-Ching Wu. Three-Phase Line Flows Calculation for Distribution Automation by ZBUS Distribution Factor. 2008 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control 2008, 165 -165.
AMA StyleWei-Tzer Huang, Shiuan-Tai Chen, Kai-Chao Yao, Chun-Ching Wu. Three-Phase Line Flows Calculation for Distribution Automation by ZBUS Distribution Factor. 2008 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control. 2008; ():165-165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Tzer Huang; Shiuan-Tai Chen; Kai-Chao Yao; Chun-Ching Wu. 2008. "Three-Phase Line Flows Calculation for Distribution Automation by ZBUS Distribution Factor." 2008 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control , no. : 165-165.