The invention of systems enabling the emission of waves of a certain length and intensity has revolutionized many areas of life, including medicine. Currently, the use of devices emitting laser light is not only an indispensable but also a necessary element of many diagnostic procedures. It also contributed to the development of new techniques for the treatment of diseases that are difficult to heal. The use of lasers in industry and medicine may be associated with a higher incidence of excessive radiation exposure, which can lead to injury to the body. The most exposed to laser irradiation is the skin tissue. The low dose laser irradiation is currently used for the treatment of various skin diseases. Therefore appropriate knowledge of the effects of lasers irradiation on the dermal cells’ metabolism is necessary. Here we present current knowledge on the clinical and molecular effects of irradiation of different wavelengths of light (ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, red, and infrared (IR) on the dermal cells.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. AD affects 10–20% of children worldwide and persists into adulthood in a minority of cases, affecting approximately 2–3% of the adult population, with an increased prevalence over the past decades in developed...

Background: The invention of non-ionizing emission devices revolutionized science, medicine, industry, and the military. Currently, different laser systems are commonly used, generating the potential threat of excessive radiation exposure, which can lead to adverse health effects. Skin is the organ most exposed to laser irradiation; therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of 445 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm non-ionizing irradiation on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Methods: Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to a different fluency of 445 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm laser irradiation. In addition, viability, type of cell death, cell cycle distribution, and proliferation rates were investigated. Results: The 445 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta (≥58.7 J/cm²) but not to Ker-CT cells. Exposure influenced the cell cycle distribution of Ker-CT (≥61.2 J/cm²) and BJ-5ta (≥27.6 J/cm²) cells, as well as the Bj-5ta proliferation rate (≥50.5 J/cm²). The 520 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta (≥468.4 J/cm²) and Ker-CT (≥385.7 J/cm²) cells. Cell cycle distribution (≥27.6 J/cm²) of Ker-CT cells was also affected. The 638 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta and Ker-CT cells (≥151.5 J/cm²). The proliferation rate and cell cycle distribution of BJ-5ta (≥192.9 J/cm²) and Ker-CT (13.8 and 41.3 J/cm²) cells were also affected. Conclusions: At high fluences, 455 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm irradiation, representing blue, green, and red light spectra, are hazardous to keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, laser irradiation may benefit the cells at low fluences by modulating the cell cycle and proliferation rate.

3D bioprinting has become a valuable tool for studying the biology of solid tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our analysis of publicly available bulk RNA and single-cell sequencing data has allowed us to define the chemotactic profile of GBM tumors and identify the cell types that secrete particular chemokines in the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). Our findings indicate that primary GBM tissues express multiple chemokines, whereas spherical monocultures of GBM cells significantly lose this diversity. Subsequently, the comparative analysis of GBM spherical monocultures vs. 3D-bioprinted multicultures of cells showed a restoration of chemokine profile diversity in 3D-bioprinted cultures. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-Seq analysis showed that cells of the perivascular niche (pericytes and endocytes) express multiple chemokines in the GBM TME. Next, we 3D-bioprinted cells from two glioblastoma cell lines, U-251 and DK-MG, alone and as co-cultures with mesenchymal stromal cells (representing cells of the perivascular niche) and assessed the chemokine secretome. The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction of tumors and mesenchymal cells leads to in a significant increase in the repertoire and levels of secreted chemokines under culture in 21% O₂ and 1% O₂. Our study indicates that cells of the perivascular niche may perform a substantial role in shaping the chemokine microenvironment in GBM tumors.

Wasp venom allergy can trigger severe allergic reactions, and predicting these acute responses remains challenging. This study evaluates the utility of immune system indexes, particularly the eosinophil–basophil/lymphocyte (EB/LR) and eosinophil–basophil–platelet/lymphocyte (EBP/LR) ratios, in assessing the severity of allergic reactions in patients with wasp venom allergy. A total of 61 patients with confirmed wasp venom allergy were categorized according to the Mueller scale, which classifies the severity of allergic reactions. Blood samples were analyzed for total and specific IgE levels alongside a range of hematological and biochemical parameters. This study found significant differences in the EB/LR and EBP/LR indexes between patients with mild (Mueller I–II) and severe (Mueller III–IV) allergic reactions, with higher values indicating more severe responses. However, no significant differences were observed in other immune indexes, such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and systemic inflammatory response index, as well as in additional blood parameters. These findings suggest that the EB/LR and EBP/LR ratios may serve as useful markers for predicting the severity of allergic reactions in patients with wasp venom allergy. This is the first study to establish such a link, although further research with larger cohorts is necessary to confirm these results and their potential application in clinical settings.

Wasp venom allergy can trigger severe allergic reactions, and predicting these acute responses remains challenging. This study evaluates the utility of immune system indexes, particularly the eosinophil-basophil/lymphocyte (EBLR) and eosinophil-basophil-platelet/lymphocyte (EBP/L) ratios, in assessing the severity of allergic reactions in patients with wasp venom allergy. A total of 61 patients with confirmed wasp venom allergy were categorized according to the Mueller scale, which classifies the severity of allergic reactions. Blood samples were analyzed for total and specific IgE levels, alongside a range of hematological and biochemical parameters. The study found significant differences in the EBLR and EBP/L indexes between patients with mild (Mueller I-II) and severe (Mueller III-IV) allergic reactions, with higher values indicating more severe responses. However, no significant differences were observed in other immune indexes, such as PLR, NLR, SII, and SIRI, or in additional blood parameters. These findings suggest that the EBLR and EBP/L ratios may serve as useful markers for predicting the severity of allergic re-actions in patients with wasp venom allergy. This is the first study to establish such a link, alt-hough further research with larger cohorts is necessary to confirm these results and their poten-tial application in clinical settings.