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Somchai Butnan
Plant Science Section, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand

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Journal article
Published: 06 September 2019 in Agronomy
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Soil capacity as a major carbon (C) sink is influenced by land use. Estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration have mostly focused on topsoils [0–30 cm official Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) soil depth]. We investigated SOC stocks and their quality as influenced by land-use changes. Soil samples were collected from five soil depths down to 100 cm of three adjacent fields each representing a different land use—forest, cassava, and rice paddy—in Northeast Thailand. Sequestration of SOC in topsoils under all land uses was higher, as indicated by SOC stocks (59.0–82.0 Mg ha−1) than subsoils (30–100 cm) (27.0–33.0 Mg ha−1). The soil profile (0–100 cm) of the forest had higher stocks of SOC and humic acid (115.0 and 6.8 Mg ha−1, respectively) than those of cultivated land uses [paddy (100.0 and 4.8 Mg ha−1, respectively) and cassava (87.0 and 2.3 Mg ha−1, respectively)], which accounted for an average 30% increase in SOC sequestration over those with only topsoil. Topsoils of the forest had higher humic acid content but narrower E4:E6 ratio [the ratio of absorbances at 465 nm (E4) and at 665 nm (E6)] of humic acids (2.8), indicating a higher degree of humification and stabilization than the cultivated soils (3.2–3.6). Subsoil C was higher quality, as indicated by the lower E4:E6 ratio of humic acids than topsoils in all land uses.

ACS Style

Benjapon Kunlanit; Somchai Butnan; Patma Vityakon. Land–Use Changes Influencing C Sequestration and Quality in Topsoil and Subsoil. Agronomy 2019, 9, 520 .

AMA Style

Benjapon Kunlanit, Somchai Butnan, Patma Vityakon. Land–Use Changes Influencing C Sequestration and Quality in Topsoil and Subsoil. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (9):520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benjapon Kunlanit; Somchai Butnan; Patma Vityakon. 2019. "Land–Use Changes Influencing C Sequestration and Quality in Topsoil and Subsoil." Agronomy 9, no. 9: 520.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Agriculture and Natural Resources
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A pot experiment involving growing three consecutive corn crops in two contrasting tropical soils—a coarse-textured, Al-rich Ultisol and a fine-textured, Mn-rich Oxisol—treated with two eucalyptus wood biochars—at low (350 °C) and high (800 °C) pyrolysis temperatures—at weight per weight rates of 0%, 1%, 2% and 4%, was conducted to assess their effects on the soil organic carbon (SOC) stability (soil C remaining relative to initial soil C) 144 d after biochar application (after the third crop harvest). The low temperature biochar had higher volatile matter but lower ash and fixed C contents than its high temperature counterpart. In the Ultisol, the SOC stability significantly increased with both biochars at up to the 2% rate but beyond which it did not further increase, whereas, in the Oxisol, the SOC stability significantly decreased at all rates of high temperature biochar and at the 2% and 4% rates of the low temperature biochar. Proposed mechanisms underlying these contrasting responses of the two soils involve their different buffering capacities and their mineralogy in relation to the Al in the Ultisol and the Mn in the Oxisol interacting with the different contents of the three main biochar constituents (volatile matter, ash and fixed C) of the two biochars.

ACS Style

Somchai Butnan; Jonathan L. Deenik; Banyong Toomsan; Patma Vityakon. Biochar properties affecting carbon stability in soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy. Agriculture and Natural Resources 2017, 51, 492 -498.

AMA Style

Somchai Butnan, Jonathan L. Deenik, Banyong Toomsan, Patma Vityakon. Biochar properties affecting carbon stability in soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy. Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2017; 51 (6):492-498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Somchai Butnan; Jonathan L. Deenik; Banyong Toomsan; Patma Vityakon. 2017. "Biochar properties affecting carbon stability in soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy." Agriculture and Natural Resources 51, no. 6: 492-498.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Journal of Environmental Quality
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The ability of biochar applications to alter greenhouse gases (GHGs) (CO, CH, and NO) has been attracting research interest. However, inconsistent published results necessitate further exploration of potential influencing factors, including biochar properties, biochar rates, soil textures and mineralogy, and their interactions. Two short-term laboratory incubations were conducted to evaluate the effects of different biochars: a biochar with low ash (2.4%) and high-volatile matter (VM) (35.8%) contents produced under low-temperature (350°C) traditional kiln and a biochar with high ash (3.9%) and low-VM (14.7%) contents produced with a high-temperature (800°C) Flash Carbonization reactor and different biochar rates (0, 2, and 4% w/w) on the GHG emissions in a loamy-sand Ultisol and a silty-clay-loam Oxisol. In the coarse-textured, low-buffer Ultisol, cumulative CO and CH emissions increased with increasing VM content of biochars; however, CO emission sharply decreased at 83 μg VM g soil. In the fine-textured, high-buffer Oxisol, there were significant positive effects of VM content on cumulative CO emission without suppression effects. Regarding cumulative NO emission, there were significant positive effects in the Mn-rich Oxisol. Ash-induced increases in soil pH had negative effects on all studied GHG emissions. Possible mechanisms include the roles biochar VM played as microbial substrates, a source of toxic compounds and complexing agents reducing the toxicity of soil aluminum and manganese, and the role of biochar ash in increasing soil pH affecting GHG emissions in these two contrasting soils.

ACS Style

Somchai Butnan; Jonathan L. Deenik; Banyong Toomsan; Michael J. Antal; Patma Vityakon. Biochar Properties Influencing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Tropical Soils Differing in Texture and Mineralogy. Journal of Environmental Quality 2016, 45, 1509 -1519.

AMA Style

Somchai Butnan, Jonathan L. Deenik, Banyong Toomsan, Michael J. Antal, Patma Vityakon. Biochar Properties Influencing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Tropical Soils Differing in Texture and Mineralogy. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2016; 45 (5):1509-1519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Somchai Butnan; Jonathan L. Deenik; Banyong Toomsan; Michael J. Antal; Patma Vityakon. 2016. "Biochar Properties Influencing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Tropical Soils Differing in Texture and Mineralogy." Journal of Environmental Quality 45, no. 5: 1509-1519.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Geoderma
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ACS Style

Somchai Butnan; Jonathan L. Deenik; Banyong Toomsan; Michael J. Antal; Patma Vityakon. Biochar characteristics and application rates affecting corn growth and properties of soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy. Geoderma 2015, 237-238, 105 -116.

AMA Style

Somchai Butnan, Jonathan L. Deenik, Banyong Toomsan, Michael J. Antal, Patma Vityakon. Biochar characteristics and application rates affecting corn growth and properties of soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy. Geoderma. 2015; 237-238 ():105-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Somchai Butnan; Jonathan L. Deenik; Banyong Toomsan; Michael J. Antal; Patma Vityakon. 2015. "Biochar characteristics and application rates affecting corn growth and properties of soils contrasting in texture and mineralogy." Geoderma 237-238, no. : 105-116.