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Motivation Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring. Main types of variable contained Vegetation plots (n = 95,104) recording cover or abundance of naturally co-occurring vascular plant species within delimited areas. sPlotOpen contains three partially overlapping resampled datasets (c. 50,000 plots each), to be used as replicates in global analyses. Besides geographical location, date, plot size, biome, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, naturalness, coverage of various vegetation layers, and source dataset, plot-level data also include community-weighted means and variances of 18 plant functional traits from the TRY Plant Trait Database. Spatial location and grain Global, 0.01–40,000 m². Time period and grain 1888–2015, recording dates. Major taxa and level of measurement 42,677 vascular plant taxa, plot-level records. Software format Three main matrices (.csv), relationally linked.
Francesco Maria Sabatini; Jonathan Lenoir; Tarek Hattab; Elise Aimee Arnst; Milan Chytrý; Jürgen Dengler; Patrice De Ruffray; Stephan M. Hennekens; Ute Jandt; Florian Jansen; Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro; Jens Kattge; Aurora Levesley; Valério D. Pillar; Oliver Purschke; Brody Sandel; Fahmida Sultana; Tsipe Aavik; Svetlana Aćić; Alicia T. R. Acosta; Emiliano Agrillo; Miguel Alvarez; Iva Apostolova; Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan; Luzmila Arroyo; Fabio Attorre; Isabelle Aubin; Arindam Banerjee; Marijn Bauters; Yves Bergeron; Erwin Bergmeier; Idoia Biurrun; Anne D. Bjorkman; Gianmaria Bonari; Viktoria Bondareva; Jörg Brunet; Andraž Čarni; Laura Casella; Luis Cayuela; Tomáš Černý; Victor Chepinoga; János Csiky; Renata Ćušterevska; Els De Bie; André Luis de Gasper; Michele De Sanctis; Panayotis Dimopoulos; Jiri Dolezal; Tetiana Dziuba; Mohamed Abd El‐Rouf Mousa El‐Sheikh; Brian Enquist; Jörg Ewald; Farideh Fazayeli; Richard Field; Manfred Finckh; Sophie Gachet; Antonio Galán‐De‐Mera; Emmanuel Garbolino; Hamid Gholizadeh; Melisa Giorgis; Valentin Golub; Inger Greve Alsos; John‐Arvid Grytnes; Gregory Richard Guerin; Alvaro G. Gutiérrez; Sylvia Haider; Mohamed Z. Hatim; Bruno Hérault; Guillermo Hinojos Mendoza; Norbert Hölzel; Jürgen Homeier; Wannes Hubau; Adrian Indreica; John A. M. Janssen; Birgit Jedrzejek; Anke Jentsch; Norbert Jürgens; Zygmunt Kącki; Jutta Kapfer; Dirk Nikolaus Karger; Ali Kavgacı; Elizabeth Kearsley; Michael Kessler; Larisa Khanina; Timothy Killeen; Andrey Korolyuk; Holger Kreft; Hjalmar S. Kühl; Anna Kuzemko; Flavia Landucci; Attila Lengyel; Frederic Lens; Débora Vanessa Lingner; Hongyan Liu; Tatiana Lysenko; Miguel D. Mahecha; Corrado Marcenò; Vasiliy Martynenko; Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund; Abel Monteagudo Mendoza; Ladislav Mucina; Jonas V. Müller; Jérôme Munzinger; Alireza Naqinezhad; Jalil Noroozi; Arkadiusz Nowak; Viktor Onyshchenko; Gerhard E. Overbeck; Meelis Pärtel; Aníbal Pauchard; Robert K. Peet; Josep Peñuelas; Aaron Pérez‐Haase; Tomáš Peterka; Petr Petřík; Gwendolyn Peyre; Oliver L. Phillips; Vadim Prokhorov; Valerijus Rašomavičius; Rasmus Revermann; Gonzalo Rivas‐Torres; John S. Rodwell; Eszter Ruprecht; Solvita Rūsiņa; Cyrus Samimi; Marco Schmidt; Franziska Schrodt; Hanhuai Shan; Pavel Shirokikh; Jozef Šibík; Urban Šilc; Petr Sklenář; Željko Škvorc; Ben Sparrow; Marta Gaia Sperandii; Zvjezdana Stančić; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Zhiyao Tang; Cindy Q. Tang; Ioannis Tsiripidis; Kim André Vanselow; Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez; Kiril Vassilev; Eduardo Vélez‐Martin; Roberto Venanzoni; Alexander Christian Vibrans; Cyrille Violle; Risto Virtanen; Henrik von Wehrden; Viktoria Wagner; Donald A. Walker; Donald M. Waller; Hua‐Feng Wang; Karsten Wesche; Timothy J. S. Whitfeld; Wolfgang Willner; Susan K. Wiser; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Sergey Yamalov; Martin Zobel; Helge Bruelheide; Amanda Bates. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2021, 30, 1740 -1764.
AMA StyleFrancesco Maria Sabatini, Jonathan Lenoir, Tarek Hattab, Elise Aimee Arnst, Milan Chytrý, Jürgen Dengler, Patrice De Ruffray, Stephan M. Hennekens, Ute Jandt, Florian Jansen, Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro, Jens Kattge, Aurora Levesley, Valério D. Pillar, Oliver Purschke, Brody Sandel, Fahmida Sultana, Tsipe Aavik, Svetlana Aćić, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Emiliano Agrillo, Miguel Alvarez, Iva Apostolova, Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan, Luzmila Arroyo, Fabio Attorre, Isabelle Aubin, Arindam Banerjee, Marijn Bauters, Yves Bergeron, Erwin Bergmeier, Idoia Biurrun, Anne D. Bjorkman, Gianmaria Bonari, Viktoria Bondareva, Jörg Brunet, Andraž Čarni, Laura Casella, Luis Cayuela, Tomáš Černý, Victor Chepinoga, János Csiky, Renata Ćušterevska, Els De Bie, André Luis de Gasper, Michele De Sanctis, Panayotis Dimopoulos, Jiri Dolezal, Tetiana Dziuba, Mohamed Abd El‐Rouf Mousa El‐Sheikh, Brian Enquist, Jörg Ewald, Farideh Fazayeli, Richard Field, Manfred Finckh, Sophie Gachet, Antonio Galán‐De‐Mera, Emmanuel Garbolino, Hamid Gholizadeh, Melisa Giorgis, Valentin Golub, Inger Greve Alsos, John‐Arvid Grytnes, Gregory Richard Guerin, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Sylvia Haider, Mohamed Z. Hatim, Bruno Hérault, Guillermo Hinojos Mendoza, Norbert Hölzel, Jürgen Homeier, Wannes Hubau, Adrian Indreica, John A. M. Janssen, Birgit Jedrzejek, Anke Jentsch, Norbert Jürgens, Zygmunt Kącki, Jutta Kapfer, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Ali Kavgacı, Elizabeth Kearsley, Michael Kessler, Larisa Khanina, Timothy Killeen, Andrey Korolyuk, Holger Kreft, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Anna Kuzemko, Flavia Landucci, Attila Lengyel, Frederic Lens, Débora Vanessa Lingner, Hongyan Liu, Tatiana Lysenko, Miguel D. Mahecha, Corrado Marcenò, Vasiliy Martynenko, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Ladislav Mucina, Jonas V. Müller, Jérôme Munzinger, Alireza Naqinezhad, Jalil Noroozi, Arkadiusz Nowak, Viktor Onyshchenko, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Meelis Pärtel, Aníbal Pauchard, Robert K. Peet, Josep Peñuelas, Aaron Pérez‐Haase, Tomáš Peterka, Petr Petřík, Gwendolyn Peyre, Oliver L. Phillips, Vadim Prokhorov, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Rasmus Revermann, Gonzalo Rivas‐Torres, John S. Rodwell, Eszter Ruprecht, Solvita Rūsiņa, Cyrus Samimi, Marco Schmidt, Franziska Schrodt, Hanhuai Shan, Pavel Shirokikh, Jozef Šibík, Urban Šilc, Petr Sklenář, Željko Škvorc, Ben Sparrow, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Zvjezdana Stančić, Jens‐Christian Svenning, Zhiyao Tang, Cindy Q. Tang, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Kim André Vanselow, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Kiril Vassilev, Eduardo Vélez‐Martin, Roberto Venanzoni, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Cyrille Violle, Risto Virtanen, Henrik von Wehrden, Viktoria Wagner, Donald A. Walker, Donald M. Waller, Hua‐Feng Wang, Karsten Wesche, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Wolfgang Willner, Susan K. Wiser, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Sergey Yamalov, Martin Zobel, Helge Bruelheide, Amanda Bates. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2021; 30 (9):1740-1764.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Maria Sabatini; Jonathan Lenoir; Tarek Hattab; Elise Aimee Arnst; Milan Chytrý; Jürgen Dengler; Patrice De Ruffray; Stephan M. Hennekens; Ute Jandt; Florian Jansen; Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro; Jens Kattge; Aurora Levesley; Valério D. Pillar; Oliver Purschke; Brody Sandel; Fahmida Sultana; Tsipe Aavik; Svetlana Aćić; Alicia T. R. Acosta; Emiliano Agrillo; Miguel Alvarez; Iva Apostolova; Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan; Luzmila Arroyo; Fabio Attorre; Isabelle Aubin; Arindam Banerjee; Marijn Bauters; Yves Bergeron; Erwin Bergmeier; Idoia Biurrun; Anne D. Bjorkman; Gianmaria Bonari; Viktoria Bondareva; Jörg Brunet; Andraž Čarni; Laura Casella; Luis Cayuela; Tomáš Černý; Victor Chepinoga; János Csiky; Renata Ćušterevska; Els De Bie; André Luis de Gasper; Michele De Sanctis; Panayotis Dimopoulos; Jiri Dolezal; Tetiana Dziuba; Mohamed Abd El‐Rouf Mousa El‐Sheikh; Brian Enquist; Jörg Ewald; Farideh Fazayeli; Richard Field; Manfred Finckh; Sophie Gachet; Antonio Galán‐De‐Mera; Emmanuel Garbolino; Hamid Gholizadeh; Melisa Giorgis; Valentin Golub; Inger Greve Alsos; John‐Arvid Grytnes; Gregory Richard Guerin; Alvaro G. Gutiérrez; Sylvia Haider; Mohamed Z. Hatim; Bruno Hérault; Guillermo Hinojos Mendoza; Norbert Hölzel; Jürgen Homeier; Wannes Hubau; Adrian Indreica; John A. M. Janssen; Birgit Jedrzejek; Anke Jentsch; Norbert Jürgens; Zygmunt Kącki; Jutta Kapfer; Dirk Nikolaus Karger; Ali Kavgacı; Elizabeth Kearsley; Michael Kessler; Larisa Khanina; Timothy Killeen; Andrey Korolyuk; Holger Kreft; Hjalmar S. Kühl; Anna Kuzemko; Flavia Landucci; Attila Lengyel; Frederic Lens; Débora Vanessa Lingner; Hongyan Liu; Tatiana Lysenko; Miguel D. Mahecha; Corrado Marcenò; Vasiliy Martynenko; Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund; Abel Monteagudo Mendoza; Ladislav Mucina; Jonas V. Müller; Jérôme Munzinger; Alireza Naqinezhad; Jalil Noroozi; Arkadiusz Nowak; Viktor Onyshchenko; Gerhard E. Overbeck; Meelis Pärtel; Aníbal Pauchard; Robert K. Peet; Josep Peñuelas; Aaron Pérez‐Haase; Tomáš Peterka; Petr Petřík; Gwendolyn Peyre; Oliver L. Phillips; Vadim Prokhorov; Valerijus Rašomavičius; Rasmus Revermann; Gonzalo Rivas‐Torres; John S. Rodwell; Eszter Ruprecht; Solvita Rūsiņa; Cyrus Samimi; Marco Schmidt; Franziska Schrodt; Hanhuai Shan; Pavel Shirokikh; Jozef Šibík; Urban Šilc; Petr Sklenář; Željko Škvorc; Ben Sparrow; Marta Gaia Sperandii; Zvjezdana Stančić; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Zhiyao Tang; Cindy Q. Tang; Ioannis Tsiripidis; Kim André Vanselow; Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez; Kiril Vassilev; Eduardo Vélez‐Martin; Roberto Venanzoni; Alexander Christian Vibrans; Cyrille Violle; Risto Virtanen; Henrik von Wehrden; Viktoria Wagner; Donald A. Walker; Donald M. Waller; Hua‐Feng Wang; Karsten Wesche; Timothy J. S. Whitfeld; Wolfgang Willner; Susan K. Wiser; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Sergey Yamalov; Martin Zobel; Helge Bruelheide; Amanda Bates. 2021. "sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots." Global Ecology and Biogeography 30, no. 9: 1740-1764.
Aim Trait‐based approaches are increasingly important in ecology and biogeography, but progress is often hampered by the availability of high‐quality quantitative trait data collected in the field. Alternative sources of trait information include scientific floras and taxonomic monographs. Here we test the reliability and usefulness of trait data acquired from scientific floras against trait values measured in the field, and those in TRY, the most comprehensive global plant trait database. Location Tenerife and La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Methods We measured leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA) in the field for 451 native vascular plant species and compared them with equivalent trait data digitised from the most recent and comprehensive guide of the Canarian flora, and data sourced from TRY. We regressed the field‐measured traits against their equivalents estimated from the literature and used the regression models from one island to predict the trait values on the other island. Results For leaf area, linear models showed good agreement between values from the scientific flora and those measured in the field (r2 = 0.86). These models were spatially transferable across islands. In contrast, for SLA we found a weak relationship between field‐measured values and the best estimates from the scientific flora (r2 = 0.11). Insufficient data were available in the TRY database for our study area to calculate trait correlations with other data sources. Conclusions Scientific floras can act as useful data sources for quantitative plant trait data for some traits but not others, whilst the TRY database contains many traits, but is incomplete in species coverage for our study region, and oceanic islands in general.
Vanessa Cutts; Dagmar M. Hanz; Martha P. Barajas‐Barbosa; Adam C. Algar; Manuel J. Steinbauer; Severin D. H. Irl; Holger Kreft; Patrick Weigelt; Jose María Fernandez Palacios; Richard Field. Scientific floras can be reliable sources for some trait data in a system with poor coverage in global trait databases. Journal of Vegetation Science 2021, 32, e12996 .
AMA StyleVanessa Cutts, Dagmar M. Hanz, Martha P. Barajas‐Barbosa, Adam C. Algar, Manuel J. Steinbauer, Severin D. H. Irl, Holger Kreft, Patrick Weigelt, Jose María Fernandez Palacios, Richard Field. Scientific floras can be reliable sources for some trait data in a system with poor coverage in global trait databases. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2021; 32 (3):e12996.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanessa Cutts; Dagmar M. Hanz; Martha P. Barajas‐Barbosa; Adam C. Algar; Manuel J. Steinbauer; Severin D. H. Irl; Holger Kreft; Patrick Weigelt; Jose María Fernandez Palacios; Richard Field. 2021. "Scientific floras can be reliable sources for some trait data in a system with poor coverage in global trait databases." Journal of Vegetation Science 32, no. 3: e12996.
Aim Plant functional traits summarize the main variability in plant form and function across taxa and biomes. We assess whether geographic range size, climatic niche size, and local abundance of plants can be predicted by sets of traits (trait syndromes) or are driven by single traits. Location Eurasia Methods Species distribution maps were extracted from the Chorological Database Halle to derive information on the geographic range size and climatic niche size for 456 herbaceous, dwarf shrub and shrub species. We estimated local species abundances based on 740,113 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive, where abundances were available as plant species cover per plot. We compiled a complete species‐by‐trait‐matrix of 20 plant functional traits from trait databases (TRY, BiolFlor and CLO‐PLA). The relationships of species geographic range size, climatic niche size and local abundance with single traits and trait syndromes were tested with multiple linear regression models. Results Generally, traits were more strongly related to local abundances than to broad‐scale species distribution patterns in geographic and climatic space (range and niche size), but both were better predicted by trait combinations than by single traits. Local abundance increased with leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA). Geographic range size and climatic niche size both increased with SLA. While range size increased with plant height, niche size decreased with leaf carbon content. Conclusion Functional traits matter for species abundance and distribution at both local and broad geographic scale. Local abundances are associated with different combinations of traits as compared to broad‐scale distributions, pointing to filtering by different environmental and ecological factors acting at distinct spatial scales. However, traits related to the leaf economics spectrum were important for species abundance and occurrence at both spatial scales. This finding emphasizes the general importance of resource acquisition strategies for the abundance and distribution of herbaceous, dwarf shrub and shrub species.
Maria Sporbert; Erik Welk; Gunnar Seidler; Ute Jandt; Svetlana Aćić; Idoia Biurrun; Juan Antonio Campos; Andraž Čarni; Bruno E. L. Cerabolini; Milan Chytrý; Renata Ćušterevska; Jürgen Dengler; Michele De Sanctis; Tetiana Dziuba; Jaime Fagúndez; Richard Field; Valentin Golub; Tianhua He; Florian Jansen; Jonathan Lenoir; Corrado Marcenò; Irene Martín‐Forés; Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund; Marco Moretti; Ülo Niinemets; Josep Penuelas; Aaron Pérez‐Haase; Vigdis Vandvik; Kiril Vassilev; Denys Vynokurov; Helge Bruelheide. Different sets of traits explain abundance and distribution patterns of European plants at different spatial scales. Journal of Vegetation Science 2021, 32, 1 .
AMA StyleMaria Sporbert, Erik Welk, Gunnar Seidler, Ute Jandt, Svetlana Aćić, Idoia Biurrun, Juan Antonio Campos, Andraž Čarni, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Milan Chytrý, Renata Ćušterevska, Jürgen Dengler, Michele De Sanctis, Tetiana Dziuba, Jaime Fagúndez, Richard Field, Valentin Golub, Tianhua He, Florian Jansen, Jonathan Lenoir, Corrado Marcenò, Irene Martín‐Forés, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Marco Moretti, Ülo Niinemets, Josep Penuelas, Aaron Pérez‐Haase, Vigdis Vandvik, Kiril Vassilev, Denys Vynokurov, Helge Bruelheide. Different sets of traits explain abundance and distribution patterns of European plants at different spatial scales. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2021; 32 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Sporbert; Erik Welk; Gunnar Seidler; Ute Jandt; Svetlana Aćić; Idoia Biurrun; Juan Antonio Campos; Andraž Čarni; Bruno E. L. Cerabolini; Milan Chytrý; Renata Ćušterevska; Jürgen Dengler; Michele De Sanctis; Tetiana Dziuba; Jaime Fagúndez; Richard Field; Valentin Golub; Tianhua He; Florian Jansen; Jonathan Lenoir; Corrado Marcenò; Irene Martín‐Forés; Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund; Marco Moretti; Ülo Niinemets; Josep Penuelas; Aaron Pérez‐Haase; Vigdis Vandvik; Kiril Vassilev; Denys Vynokurov; Helge Bruelheide. 2021. "Different sets of traits explain abundance and distribution patterns of European plants at different spatial scales." Journal of Vegetation Science 32, no. 2: 1.
Aim This work explores whether the commonly observed positive range size–niche breadth relationship exists for Fagus, one of the most dominant and widespread broad‐leaved deciduous tree genera in temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, we ask whether the 10 extant Fagus species’ niche breadths and climatic tolerances are under phylogenetic control. Location Northern Hemisphere temperate forests. Taxon Fagus L. Methods Combining the global vegetation database sPlot with Chinese vegetation data, we extracted 107,758 relevés containing Fagus species. We estimated biotic and climatic niche breadths per species using plot‐based co‐occurrence data and a resource‐based approach, respectively. We examined the relationships of these estimates with range size and tested for their phylogenetic signal, prior to which a Random Forest (RF) analysis was applied to test which climatic properties are most conserved across the Fagus species. Results Neither biotic niche breadth nor climatic niche breadth was correlated with range size, and the two niche breadths were incongruent as well. Notably, the widespread North American F. grandifolia had a distinctly smaller biotic niche breadth than the Chinese Fagus species (F. engleriana, F. hayatae, F. longipetiolata and F. lucida) with restricted distributions in isolated mountains. The RF analysis revealed that cold tolerance did not differ among the 10 species, and thus may represent an ancestral, fixed trait. In addition, neither biotic nor climatic niche breadths are under phylogenetic control. Main Conclusions We interpret the lack of a general positive range size–niche breadth relationship within the genus Fagus as a result of the widespread distribution, high among‐region variation in available niche space, landscape heterogeneity and Quaternary history. The results hold when estimating niche sizes either by fine‐scale co‐occurrence data or coarse‐scale climate data, suggesting a mechanistic link between factors operating across spatial scales. Besides, there was no evidence for diverging ecological specialization within the genus Fagus.
Qiong Cai; Erik Welk; Chengjun Ji; Wenjing Fang; Francesco M. Sabatini; Jianxiao Zhu; Jiangling Zhu; Zhiyao Tang; Fabio Attorre; Juan A. Campos; Andraž Čarni; Milan Chytrý; Süleyman Çoban; Jürgen Dengler; Jiri Dolezal; Richard Field; József P. Frink; Hamid Gholizadeh; Adrian Indreica; Ute Jandt; Dirk N. Karger; Jonathan Lenoir; Robert K. Peet; Remigiusz Pielech; Michele De Sanctis; Franziska Schrodt; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Cindy Q. Tang; Ioannis Tsiripidis; Wolfgang Willner; Kubota Yasuhiro; Jingyun Fang; Helge Bruelheide. The relationship between niche breadth and range size of beech ( Fagus ) species worldwide. Journal of Biogeography 2021, 48, 1240 -1253.
AMA StyleQiong Cai, Erik Welk, Chengjun Ji, Wenjing Fang, Francesco M. Sabatini, Jianxiao Zhu, Jiangling Zhu, Zhiyao Tang, Fabio Attorre, Juan A. Campos, Andraž Čarni, Milan Chytrý, Süleyman Çoban, Jürgen Dengler, Jiri Dolezal, Richard Field, József P. Frink, Hamid Gholizadeh, Adrian Indreica, Ute Jandt, Dirk N. Karger, Jonathan Lenoir, Robert K. Peet, Remigiusz Pielech, Michele De Sanctis, Franziska Schrodt, Jens‐Christian Svenning, Cindy Q. Tang, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Wolfgang Willner, Kubota Yasuhiro, Jingyun Fang, Helge Bruelheide. The relationship between niche breadth and range size of beech ( Fagus ) species worldwide. Journal of Biogeography. 2021; 48 (5):1240-1253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiong Cai; Erik Welk; Chengjun Ji; Wenjing Fang; Francesco M. Sabatini; Jianxiao Zhu; Jiangling Zhu; Zhiyao Tang; Fabio Attorre; Juan A. Campos; Andraž Čarni; Milan Chytrý; Süleyman Çoban; Jürgen Dengler; Jiri Dolezal; Richard Field; József P. Frink; Hamid Gholizadeh; Adrian Indreica; Ute Jandt; Dirk N. Karger; Jonathan Lenoir; Robert K. Peet; Remigiusz Pielech; Michele De Sanctis; Franziska Schrodt; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Cindy Q. Tang; Ioannis Tsiripidis; Wolfgang Willner; Kubota Yasuhiro; Jingyun Fang; Helge Bruelheide. 2021. "The relationship between niche breadth and range size of beech ( Fagus ) species worldwide." Journal of Biogeography 48, no. 5: 1240-1253.
Positive plant–plant interactions are thought to drive vegetation patterns in harsh environments, such as semi-arid areas. According to the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH), the role of positive interactions between species (facilitation) is expected to increase with harshness, predicting associated variation in species composition along environmental gradients. However, the relation between stress and facilitation along environmental gradients is debated. Furthermore, differentiating facilitative interactions from other underlying mechanisms, such as microtopographic heterogeneity, is not trivial. We analysed the spatial co-occurrence relationships of vascular plant species that form patchy vegetation in arid lapilli fields (tephra) from recent volcanic eruptions on La Palma, Canary Islands. Assuming a harshness gradient negatively correlated with elevation because the lower elevations are more arid and water availability is considered the most limiting resource, and that an outcome of facilitation is plants co-occurring in the same patch, from the SGH we expected a greater degree of co-occurrence at lower elevation. We tested this at both the species and the individual plant level. We analysed the species composition of 1277 shrubby vegetation patches at 64 different sampling points, ranging from the coast to around 700 m a.s.l. Patch morphology and microtopographic heterogeneity variables were also measured, to account for their potential effects on the species composition of patches. We used generalized linear models and generalized mixed-effects models to analyse species richness, number of individuals in patches and percentage of patches with positive co-occurrences, and a pairwise co-occurrence analysis combined with a graphical network analysis to reveal positive links between 13 of the species. We found that the percentage of patches with positive co-occurrences increased at higher elevations, in contrast to the predictions of the SGH, but in accordance with a refined stress-gradient hypothesis for arid sites, in which characteristics of the interacting species are incorporated.
Pia M. Eibes; Judith Eisenbacher; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Alessandro Chiarucci; Richard Field; Anke Jentsch; Tina Köhler; Ole R. Vetaas; Severin D.H. Irl. Co-occurrence frequency in vegetation patches decreases towards the harsh edge along an arid volcanic elevational gradient. Frontiers of Biogeography 2021, 1 .
AMA StylePia M. Eibes, Judith Eisenbacher, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Alessandro Chiarucci, Richard Field, Anke Jentsch, Tina Köhler, Ole R. Vetaas, Severin D.H. Irl. Co-occurrence frequency in vegetation patches decreases towards the harsh edge along an arid volcanic elevational gradient. Frontiers of Biogeography. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePia M. Eibes; Judith Eisenbacher; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Alessandro Chiarucci; Richard Field; Anke Jentsch; Tina Köhler; Ole R. Vetaas; Severin D.H. Irl. 2021. "Co-occurrence frequency in vegetation patches decreases towards the harsh edge along an arid volcanic elevational gradient." Frontiers of Biogeography , no. : 1.
Biological invasions are a major global threat to biodiversity and often affect ecosystem services negatively. They are particularly problematic on oceanic islands where there are many narrow-ranged endemic species, and the biota may be very susceptible to invasion. Quantifying and mapping invasion processes are important steps for management and control but are challenging with the limited resources typically available and particularly difficult to implement on oceanic islands with very steep terrain. Remote sensing may provide an excellent solution in circumstances where the invading species can be reliably detected from imagery. We here develop a method to map the distribution of the alien chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain), using freely available satellite images. On La Palma, the chestnut invasion threatens the iconic laurel forest, which has survived since the Tertiary period in the favourable climatic conditions of mountainous islands in the trade wind zone. We detect chestnut presence by taking advantage of the distinctive phenology of this alien tree, which retains its deciduousness while the native vegetation is evergreen. Using both Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 (parallel analyses), we obtained images in two seasons (chestnuts leafless and in-leaf, respectively) and performed image regression to detect pixels changing from leafless to in-leaf chestnuts. We then applied supervised classification using Random Forest to map the present-day occurrence of the chestnut. Finally, we performed species distribution modelling to map the habitat suitability for chestnut on La Palma, to estimate which areas are prone to further invasion. Our results indicate that chestnuts occupy 1.2% of the total area of natural ecosystems on La Palma, with a further 12–17% representing suitable habitat that is not yet occupied. This enables targeted control measures with potential to successfully manage the invasion, given the relatively long generation time of the chestnut. Our method also enables research on the spread of the species since the earliest Landsat images.
Ram Devkota; Richard Field; Samuel Hoffmann; Anna Walentowitz; Félix Medina; Ole Vetaas; Alessandro Chiarucci; Frank Weiser; Anke Jentsch; Carl Beierkuhnlein. Assessing the Potential Replacement of Laurel Forest by a Novel Ecosystem in the Steep Terrain of an Oceanic Island. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 4013 .
AMA StyleRam Devkota, Richard Field, Samuel Hoffmann, Anna Walentowitz, Félix Medina, Ole Vetaas, Alessandro Chiarucci, Frank Weiser, Anke Jentsch, Carl Beierkuhnlein. Assessing the Potential Replacement of Laurel Forest by a Novel Ecosystem in the Steep Terrain of an Oceanic Island. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (24):4013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRam Devkota; Richard Field; Samuel Hoffmann; Anna Walentowitz; Félix Medina; Ole Vetaas; Alessandro Chiarucci; Frank Weiser; Anke Jentsch; Carl Beierkuhnlein. 2020. "Assessing the Potential Replacement of Laurel Forest by a Novel Ecosystem in the Steep Terrain of an Oceanic Island." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24: 4013.
Aim Mountains and islands are both well known for their high endemism. To explain this similarity, parallels have been drawn between the insularity of “true islands” (land surrounded by water) and the isolation of habitats within mountains (so‐called “mountain islands”). However, parallels rarely go much beyond the observation that mountaintops are isolated from one another, as are true islands. Here, we challenge the analogy between mountains and true islands by re‐evaluating the literature, focusing on isolation (the prime mechanism underlying species endemism by restricting gene flow) from a dynamic perspective over space and time. Framework We base our conceptualization of “isolation” on the arguments that no biological system is completely isolated; instead, isolation has multiple spatial and temporal dimensions relating to biological and environmental processes. We distinguish four key dimensions of isolation: (a) environmental difference from surroundings; (b) geographical distance to equivalent environment [points (a) and (b) are combined as “snapshot isolation”]; (c) continuity of isolation in space and time; and (d) total time over which isolation has been present [points (c) and (d) are combined as “isolation history”]. We evaluate the importance of each dimension in different types of mountains and true islands, demonstrating that substantial differences exist in the nature of isolation between and within each type. In particular, different types differ in their initial isolation and in the dynamic trajectories they follow, with distinct phases of varying isolation that interact with species traits over time to form present‐day patterns of endemism. Conclusions Our spatio‐temporal definition of isolation suggests that the analogy between true islands and mountain islands masks important variation of isolation over long time‐scales. Our understanding of endemism in isolated systems can be greatly enriched if the dynamic spatio‐temporal dimensions of isolation enter models as explanatory variables and if these models account for the trajectories of the history of a system.
Suzette G. A. Flantua; Davnah Payne; Michael K. Borregaard; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Manuel J. Steinbauer; Stefan Dullinger; Franz Essl; Severin D. H. Irl; David Kienle; Holger Kreft; Bernd Lenzner; Sietze J. Norder; Kenneth F. Rijsdijk; Sabine B. Rumpf; Patrick Weigelt; Richard Field. Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2020, 29, 1 .
AMA StyleSuzette G. A. Flantua, Davnah Payne, Michael K. Borregaard, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Manuel J. Steinbauer, Stefan Dullinger, Franz Essl, Severin D. H. Irl, David Kienle, Holger Kreft, Bernd Lenzner, Sietze J. Norder, Kenneth F. Rijsdijk, Sabine B. Rumpf, Patrick Weigelt, Richard Field. Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2020; 29 (10):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuzette G. A. Flantua; Davnah Payne; Michael K. Borregaard; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Manuel J. Steinbauer; Stefan Dullinger; Franz Essl; Severin D. H. Irl; David Kienle; Holger Kreft; Bernd Lenzner; Sietze J. Norder; Kenneth F. Rijsdijk; Sabine B. Rumpf; Patrick Weigelt; Richard Field. 2020. "Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism." Global Ecology and Biogeography 29, no. 10: 1.
Biogeographical units are widely adopted in ecological research and nature conservation management, even though biogeographical regionalisation is still under scientific debate. The European Environment Agency provided an official map of the European Biogeographical Regions (EBRs), which contains the official boundaries used in the Habitats and Birds Directives. However, these boundaries bisect cells in the official EU 10 km × 10 km grid used for many purposes, including reporting species and habitat data, meaning that 6881 cells overlap two or more regions. Therefore, superimposing the EBRs vector map over the grid creates ambiguities in associating some cells with European Biogeographical Regions. To provide an operational tool to unambiguously define the boundaries of the eleven European Biogeographical Regions, we provide a specifically developed raster map of Grid-Based European Biogeographical Regions (GB-EBRs). In this new map, the borders of the EBRs are reshaped to coherently match the standard European 10 km × 10 km grid imposed for reporting tasks by Article 17 of the Habitats Directive and used for many other datasets. We assign each cell to the EBR with the largest area within the cell.
Marco Cervellini; Piero Zannini; Michele Di Musciano; Simone Fattorini; Borja Jiménez-Alfaro; Duccio Rocchini; Richard Field; Ole R. Vetaas; Severin D.H. Irl; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Samuel Hoffmann; Jan-Christopher Fischer; Laura Casella; Pierangela Angelini; Piero Genovesi; Juri Nascimbene; Alessandro Chiarucci. A grid-based map for the Biogeographical Regions of Europe. Biodiversity Data Journal 2020, 8, e53720 .
AMA StyleMarco Cervellini, Piero Zannini, Michele Di Musciano, Simone Fattorini, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Duccio Rocchini, Richard Field, Ole R. Vetaas, Severin D.H. Irl, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Samuel Hoffmann, Jan-Christopher Fischer, Laura Casella, Pierangela Angelini, Piero Genovesi, Juri Nascimbene, Alessandro Chiarucci. A grid-based map for the Biogeographical Regions of Europe. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2020; 8 ():e53720.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Cervellini; Piero Zannini; Michele Di Musciano; Simone Fattorini; Borja Jiménez-Alfaro; Duccio Rocchini; Richard Field; Ole R. Vetaas; Severin D.H. Irl; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Samuel Hoffmann; Jan-Christopher Fischer; Laura Casella; Pierangela Angelini; Piero Genovesi; Juri Nascimbene; Alessandro Chiarucci. 2020. "A grid-based map for the Biogeographical Regions of Europe." Biodiversity Data Journal 8, no. : e53720.
Understanding how and why rates of evolutionary diversification vary is a key issue in evolutionary biology, ecology, and biogeography. Evolutionary rates are the net result of interacting processes summarized under concepts such as adaptive radiation and evolutionary stasis. Here, we review the central concepts in the evolutionary diversification literature and synthesize these into a simple, general framework for studying rates of diversification and quantifying their underlying dynamics, which can be applied across clades and regions, and across spatial and temporal scales. Our framework describes the diversification rate (d) as a function of the abiotic environment (a), the biotic environment (b), and clade‐specific phenotypes or traits (c); thus, d ~ a,b,c. We refer to the four components (a–d) and their interactions collectively as the “Evolutionary Arena.” We outline analytical approaches to this framework and present a case study on conifers, for which we parameterize the general model. We also discuss three conceptual examples: the Lupinus radiation in the Andes in the context of emerging ecological opportunity and fluctuating connectivity due to climatic oscillations; oceanic island radiations in the context of island formation and erosion; and biotically driven radiations of the Mediterranean orchid genus Ophrys. The results of the conifer case study are consistent with the long‐standing scenario that low competition and high rates of niche evolution promote diversification. The conceptual examples illustrate how using the synthetic Evolutionary Arena framework helps to identify and structure future directions for research on evolutionary radiations. In this way, the Evolutionary Arena framework promotes a more general understanding of variation in evolutionary rates by making quantitative results comparable between case studies, thereby allowing new syntheses of evolutionary and ecological processes to emerge.
Nicolai M. Nürk; H. Peter Linder; Renske E. Onstein; Matthew J. Larcombe; Colin E. Hughes; Laura Piñeiro Fernández; Philipp M. Schlüter; Luis Valente; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Vanessa Cutts; Michael J. Donoghue; Erika J. Edwards; Richard Field; Suzette G. A. Flantua; Steven I. Higgins; Anke Jentsch; Sigrid Liede‐Schumann; Michael D. Pirie. Diversification in evolutionary arenas—Assessment and synthesis. Ecology and Evolution 2020, 10, 6163 -6182.
AMA StyleNicolai M. Nürk, H. Peter Linder, Renske E. Onstein, Matthew J. Larcombe, Colin E. Hughes, Laura Piñeiro Fernández, Philipp M. Schlüter, Luis Valente, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Vanessa Cutts, Michael J. Donoghue, Erika J. Edwards, Richard Field, Suzette G. A. Flantua, Steven I. Higgins, Anke Jentsch, Sigrid Liede‐Schumann, Michael D. Pirie. Diversification in evolutionary arenas—Assessment and synthesis. Ecology and Evolution. 2020; 10 (12):6163-6182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolai M. Nürk; H. Peter Linder; Renske E. Onstein; Matthew J. Larcombe; Colin E. Hughes; Laura Piñeiro Fernández; Philipp M. Schlüter; Luis Valente; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Vanessa Cutts; Michael J. Donoghue; Erika J. Edwards; Richard Field; Suzette G. A. Flantua; Steven I. Higgins; Anke Jentsch; Sigrid Liede‐Schumann; Michael D. Pirie. 2020. "Diversification in evolutionary arenas—Assessment and synthesis." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 12: 6163-6182.
Despite the global implementation of rock-rubble groyne structures, there is limited research investigating their ecology, much less than for other artificial coastal structures. Here we compare the intertidal ecology of urban (or semi-urban) rock-rubble groynes and more rural natural rocky shores for three areas of the UK coastline. We collected richness and abundance data for 771 quadrats across three counties, finding a total of 81 species, with 48 species on the groynes and 71 species on the natural rocky shores. We performed three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on both richness and abundance data, running parallel analysis for rock and rock-pool habitats. We also performed detrended correspondence analysis on all species to identify patterns in community structure. On rock surfaces, we found similar richness and abundance across structures for algae, higher diversity and abundance for lichen and mobile animals on natural shores, and higher numbers of sessile animals on groynes. Rock-pool habitats were depauperate on groynes for all species groups except for sessile animals, relative to natural shores. Only a slight differentiation between groyne and natural shore communities was observed, while groynes supported higher abundances of some ‘at risk’ species than natural shores. Furthermore, groynes did not differ substantially from natural shores in terms of their presence and abundance of species not native to the area. We conclude that groynes host similar ecological communities to those found on natural shores, but differences do exist, particularly with respect to rock-pool habitats.
Paul Holloway; Richard Field. Can Rock-Rubble Groynes Support Similar Intertidal Ecological Communities to Natural Rocky Shores? Land 2020, 9, 131 .
AMA StylePaul Holloway, Richard Field. Can Rock-Rubble Groynes Support Similar Intertidal Ecological Communities to Natural Rocky Shores? Land. 2020; 9 (5):131.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Holloway; Richard Field. 2020. "Can Rock-Rubble Groynes Support Similar Intertidal Ecological Communities to Natural Rocky Shores?" Land 9, no. 5: 131.
Topography influences evolutionary and ecological processes by isolating populations and enhancing habitat diversity. While the effects of large-scale topography on patterns of species richness and endemism are increasingly well documented, the direct effect of local topography on endemism is less understood. This study compares different aspects of topographic isolation, namely the isolating effect of deep barrancos (ravines) and the effect of increasing isolation with elevation in influencing patterns of plant endemism within a topographically diverse oceanic island (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain). We collected plant presence–absence data from 75 plots in 8 barrancos on the northern coast of La Palma, spanning an elevation gradient from 95 to 674m a.s.l. Using mixed-effects models, we assessed the effect of barranco depth and elevation on the percentage of single-island endemics, multi-island endemics, and archipelago endemics. We found that percent endemism was not significantly correlated with barranco depth and correlated negatively with elevation within barrancos (rather than the expected positive relationship). The topographic barriers associated with the deep island barrancos thus appear insufficient to drive speciation through isolation in oceanic island plants. The decrease in endemism with elevation contradicts findings by previous broader-scale studies and it may reflect local influences, such as high habitat heterogeneity at low elevations.
Vanessa Cutts; Negin Katal; Caroline Löwer; Adam C. Algar; Manuel J. Steinbauer; Severin D.H. Irl; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Richard Field. The effect of small-scale topography on patterns of endemism within islands. Frontiers of Biogeography 2019, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleVanessa Cutts, Negin Katal, Caroline Löwer, Adam C. Algar, Manuel J. Steinbauer, Severin D.H. Irl, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Richard Field. The effect of small-scale topography on patterns of endemism within islands. Frontiers of Biogeography. 2019; 11 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanessa Cutts; Negin Katal; Caroline Löwer; Adam C. Algar; Manuel J. Steinbauer; Severin D.H. Irl; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Richard Field. 2019. "The effect of small-scale topography on patterns of endemism within islands." Frontiers of Biogeography 11, no. 4: 1.
Aim Alien plant species can cause severe ecological and economic problems, and therefore attract a lot of research interest in biogeography and related fields. To identify potential future invasive species, we need to better understand the mechanisms underlying the abundances of invasive tree species in their new ranges, and whether these mechanisms differ between their native and alien ranges. Here, we test two hypotheses: that greater relative abundance is promoted by (a) functional difference from locally co‐occurring trees, and (b) higher values than locally co‐occurring trees for traits linked to competitive ability. Location Global. Time period Recent. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We combined three global plant databases: sPlot vegetation‐plot database, TRY plant trait database and Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database. We used a hierarchical Bayesian linear regression model to assess the factors associated with variation in local abundance, and how these relationships vary between native and alien ranges and depend on species’ traits. Results In both ranges, species reach highest abundance if they are functionally similar to co‐occurring species, yet are taller and have higher seed mass and wood density than co‐occurring species. Main conclusions Our results suggest that light limitation leads to strong environmental and biotic filtering, and that it is advantageous to be taller and have denser wood. The striking similarities in abundance between native and alien ranges imply that information from tree species’ native ranges can be used to predict in which habitats introduced species may become dominant.
Masha T. Van Der Sande; Helge Bruelheide; Wayne Dawson; Jürgen Dengler; Franz Essl; Richard Field; Sylvia Haider; Mark Van Kleunen; Holger Kreft; Jörn Pagel; Jan Pergl; Oliver Purschke; Petr Pyšek; Patrick Weigelt; Marten Winter; Fabio Attorre; Isabelle Aubin; Erwin Bergmeier; Milan Chytrý; Matteo Dainese; Michele De Sanctis; Jaime Fagúndez; Valentin Golub; Greg R. Guerin; Alvaro G. Gutiérrez; Ute Jandt; Florian Jansen; Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro; Jens Kattge; Elizabeth Kearsley; Stefan Klotz; Koen Kramer; Marco Moretti; Ülo Niinemets; Robert K. Peet; Josep Penuelas; Petr Petřík; Peter B. Reich; Brody Sandel; Marco Schmidt; Maria Sibikova; Cyrille Violle; Timothy Whitfeld; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Tiffany M. Knight. Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2019, 29, 281 -294.
AMA StyleMasha T. Van Der Sande, Helge Bruelheide, Wayne Dawson, Jürgen Dengler, Franz Essl, Richard Field, Sylvia Haider, Mark Van Kleunen, Holger Kreft, Jörn Pagel, Jan Pergl, Oliver Purschke, Petr Pyšek, Patrick Weigelt, Marten Winter, Fabio Attorre, Isabelle Aubin, Erwin Bergmeier, Milan Chytrý, Matteo Dainese, Michele De Sanctis, Jaime Fagúndez, Valentin Golub, Greg R. Guerin, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Ute Jandt, Florian Jansen, Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro, Jens Kattge, Elizabeth Kearsley, Stefan Klotz, Koen Kramer, Marco Moretti, Ülo Niinemets, Robert K. Peet, Josep Penuelas, Petr Petřík, Peter B. Reich, Brody Sandel, Marco Schmidt, Maria Sibikova, Cyrille Violle, Timothy Whitfeld, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Tiffany M. Knight. Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2019; 29 (2):281-294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasha T. Van Der Sande; Helge Bruelheide; Wayne Dawson; Jürgen Dengler; Franz Essl; Richard Field; Sylvia Haider; Mark Van Kleunen; Holger Kreft; Jörn Pagel; Jan Pergl; Oliver Purschke; Petr Pyšek; Patrick Weigelt; Marten Winter; Fabio Attorre; Isabelle Aubin; Erwin Bergmeier; Milan Chytrý; Matteo Dainese; Michele De Sanctis; Jaime Fagúndez; Valentin Golub; Greg R. Guerin; Alvaro G. Gutiérrez; Ute Jandt; Florian Jansen; Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro; Jens Kattge; Elizabeth Kearsley; Stefan Klotz; Koen Kramer; Marco Moretti; Ülo Niinemets; Robert K. Peet; Josep Penuelas; Petr Petřík; Peter B. Reich; Brody Sandel; Marco Schmidt; Maria Sibikova; Cyrille Violle; Timothy Whitfeld; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Tiffany M. Knight. 2019. "Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges." Global Ecology and Biogeography 29, no. 2: 281-294.
Identification of conservation priorities is essential for conservation planning, especially as the biodiversity crisis develops. We aimed to support conservation prioritisation by addressing knowledge gaps for the genus Aloe in the Horn of Africa. Specifically, we developed a dataset of herbarium voucher specimens and occurrence data to estimate geographic distribution of 88 species of Aloe and used this to estimate extinction risk and establish the major threats to Aloe in this region. The resulting assessments, each published on the IUCN Red List, show that 39% of the species are threatened with extinction, and the principal threats are the expansion and intensification of crop farming and livestock farming, gathering of plants, and unintentional effects of logging and wood harvesting. We review ex situ conservation in botanic gardens and seed banks, revealing gaps in coverage and urgent priorities for collection, with 25 threatened Aloe species currently unrepresented in seed banks. Protected areas in the region offer limited coverage of Aloe distributions and the most recently designated protected areas are increasingly in regions that do not overlap with Aloe distributions. However, we show with a simple optimisation approach that even a modest increase in protected area of 824 square kilometres would allow representation of all Aloe species, although further data are needed to test the area required to ensure long-term persistence (resilience) of Aloe species.
Steven P. Bachman; Paul Wilkin; Tom Reader; Richard Field; Odile Weber; Inger Nordal; Sebsebe Demissew. Extinction risk and conservation gaps for Aloe (Asphodelaceae) in the Horn of Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation 2019, 29, 77 -98.
AMA StyleSteven P. Bachman, Paul Wilkin, Tom Reader, Richard Field, Odile Weber, Inger Nordal, Sebsebe Demissew. Extinction risk and conservation gaps for Aloe (Asphodelaceae) in the Horn of Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2019; 29 (1):77-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteven P. Bachman; Paul Wilkin; Tom Reader; Richard Field; Odile Weber; Inger Nordal; Sebsebe Demissew. 2019. "Extinction risk and conservation gaps for Aloe (Asphodelaceae) in the Horn of Africa." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 1: 77-98.
Franziska Schrodt; Joseph Bailey; W. Daniel Kissling; Kenneth F. Rijsdijk; Harry Seijmonsbergen; Derk van Ree; Jan Hjort; Russell S. Lawley; Chris Williams; Mark G. Anderson; Paul Beier; Pieter van Beukering; Doreen Boyd; José Brilha; Luis Carcavilla; Kyla M. Dahlin; Joel C. Gill; John E. Gordon; Murray Gray; Mike Grundy; Malcolm L. Hunter; Joshua J. Lawler; Manu Monge-Ganuzas; Katherine R. Royse; Iain Stewart; Sydne Record; Woody Turner; Phoebe L. Zarnetske; Richard Field. Opinion: To advance sustainable stewardship, we must document not only biodiversity but geodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2019, 116, 16155 -16158.
AMA StyleFranziska Schrodt, Joseph Bailey, W. Daniel Kissling, Kenneth F. Rijsdijk, Harry Seijmonsbergen, Derk van Ree, Jan Hjort, Russell S. Lawley, Chris Williams, Mark G. Anderson, Paul Beier, Pieter van Beukering, Doreen Boyd, José Brilha, Luis Carcavilla, Kyla M. Dahlin, Joel C. Gill, John E. Gordon, Murray Gray, Mike Grundy, Malcolm L. Hunter, Joshua J. Lawler, Manu Monge-Ganuzas, Katherine R. Royse, Iain Stewart, Sydne Record, Woody Turner, Phoebe L. Zarnetske, Richard Field. Opinion: To advance sustainable stewardship, we must document not only biodiversity but geodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2019; 116 (33):16155-16158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranziska Schrodt; Joseph Bailey; W. Daniel Kissling; Kenneth F. Rijsdijk; Harry Seijmonsbergen; Derk van Ree; Jan Hjort; Russell S. Lawley; Chris Williams; Mark G. Anderson; Paul Beier; Pieter van Beukering; Doreen Boyd; José Brilha; Luis Carcavilla; Kyla M. Dahlin; Joel C. Gill; John E. Gordon; Murray Gray; Mike Grundy; Malcolm L. Hunter; Joshua J. Lawler; Manu Monge-Ganuzas; Katherine R. Royse; Iain Stewart; Sydne Record; Woody Turner; Phoebe L. Zarnetske; Richard Field. 2019. "Opinion: To advance sustainable stewardship, we must document not only biodiversity but geodiversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 33: 16155-16158.
Understanding how and why rates of evolutionary diversification vary is a key issue in evolutionary biology, ecology, and biogeography, and the metaphorical concepts of adaptive radiation and evolutionary stasis describe two opposing aspects causing variation in diversification rates. Here we review the central concepts in the evolutionary diversification literature and synthesize these into a simple, general framework for studying rates of diversification and quantifying their underlying dynamics, which can be applied across clades and regions and across spatial and temporal scales. Our framework describes the diversification rate (d) as a function of the abiotic environment (a), the biotic environment (b) and clade-specific phenotypes or traits (c); thus d∼a,b,c. We refer to the four components (a–d) and their interactions collectively as the ‘Evolutionary Arena’. We outline analytical approaches to this framework and present a case study on conifers, for which we parameterise the general model. We also discuss three conceptual examples: the Lupinus radiation in the Andes in the context of emerging ecological opportunity and fluctuating connectivity due to climatic oscillations; oceanic island radiations in the context of island formation and erosion; and biotically driven radiations of the Mediterranean orchid genus Ophrys. The results of the conifer case study are consistent with the long-standing scenario that low competition and high rates of niche evolution promote diversification. The conceptual examples illustrate how using the synthetic Evolutionary Arena framework helps to identify and structure future directions for research on evolutionary radiations. In this way, the Evolutionary Arena framework promotes a more general understanding of variation in evolutionary rates by making quantitative results comparable between case studies, thereby allowing new syntheses of evolutionary and ecological processes to emerge.
Nicolai M. Nürk; H. Peter Linder; Renske E. Onstein; Matthew J. Larcombe; Colin E. Hughes; Laura Piñeiro Fernández; Philipp M. Schlüter; Luis M. Valente; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Vanessa Cutts; Michael J. Donoghue; Erika J. Edwards; Richard Field; Suzette G.A. Flantua; Steven I. Higgins; Anke Jentsch; Sigrid Liede-Schumann; Michael D. Pirie. Diversification in evolutionary arenas – assessment and synthesis. 2019, 636803 .
AMA StyleNicolai M. Nürk, H. Peter Linder, Renske E. Onstein, Matthew J. Larcombe, Colin E. Hughes, Laura Piñeiro Fernández, Philipp M. Schlüter, Luis M. Valente, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Vanessa Cutts, Michael J. Donoghue, Erika J. Edwards, Richard Field, Suzette G.A. Flantua, Steven I. Higgins, Anke Jentsch, Sigrid Liede-Schumann, Michael D. Pirie. Diversification in evolutionary arenas – assessment and synthesis. . 2019; ():636803.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolai M. Nürk; H. Peter Linder; Renske E. Onstein; Matthew J. Larcombe; Colin E. Hughes; Laura Piñeiro Fernández; Philipp M. Schlüter; Luis M. Valente; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Vanessa Cutts; Michael J. Donoghue; Erika J. Edwards; Richard Field; Suzette G.A. Flantua; Steven I. Higgins; Anke Jentsch; Sigrid Liede-Schumann; Michael D. Pirie. 2019. "Diversification in evolutionary arenas – assessment and synthesis." , no. : 636803.
Endemics–Area Relationships (EARs) are fundamental in theoretical and applied biogeography for understanding distribution patterns and promoting biodiversity conservation. However, calculating EARs for vascular plant species from existing data is problematic because of biased knowledge of endemic species distributions and differences between taxonomies. We aimed to overcome these challenges by developing a new standardized global dataset based on expert knowledge to produce a set of global EARs. We developed a nested circle design, with grain sizes of 104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 km2, respectively, and a global distribution of plots based on a stratified random scheme. The number of vascular plant species endemic to each circle was then estimated independently by five experts randomly chosen from a pool of 23, as both a minimum and a maximum value (lower and upper bounds of the estimation), taking into account the limitations of current knowledge and varied species concepts in existing taxonomies. This procedure resulted in a dataset of 3000 expert estimates. Based on the data, we produced three global EARs for endemic species richness using minimum, maximum and average estimates. As a validation, we used all three models to extrapolate to the entire world, producing estimates of 284,493 (minimum), 398,364 (maximum) and 312,243 (average) vascular plant species. These figures conform to the range of taxonomists’ estimates. From the models, we calculated the average area needed to harbour a single endemic species as 12,875 km2 (range 9675–20,529). The global vascular plant EARs we calculated represent the first standardized, quantitative expectations of plant endemism at any given scale (sampling unit size). These EARs allow us to provide a clear answer to a long-standing but elusive biogeographical question: how to assess whether any area on the surface of the Earth is rich or poor in endemics relative to the average.
Carsten Hobohm; Monika Janišová; Manuel Steinbauer; Sara Landi; Richard Field; Sula Vanderplank; Carl Beierkuhnlein; John-Arvid Grytnes; Ole Reidar Vetaas; Alessandra Fidelis; Lea de Nascimento; Vincent Ralph Clark; José María Fernández-Palacios; Scott Franklin; Riccardo Guarino; Jihong Huang; Pavel Krestov; Keping Ma; Vladimir Onipchenko; Mike W. Palmer; Marcelo Fragomeni Simon; Christian Stolz; Alessandro Chiarucci. Global endemics-area relationships of vascular plants. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 2019, 17, 41 -49.
AMA StyleCarsten Hobohm, Monika Janišová, Manuel Steinbauer, Sara Landi, Richard Field, Sula Vanderplank, Carl Beierkuhnlein, John-Arvid Grytnes, Ole Reidar Vetaas, Alessandra Fidelis, Lea de Nascimento, Vincent Ralph Clark, José María Fernández-Palacios, Scott Franklin, Riccardo Guarino, Jihong Huang, Pavel Krestov, Keping Ma, Vladimir Onipchenko, Mike W. Palmer, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Christian Stolz, Alessandro Chiarucci. Global endemics-area relationships of vascular plants. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. 2019; 17 (2):41-49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarsten Hobohm; Monika Janišová; Manuel Steinbauer; Sara Landi; Richard Field; Sula Vanderplank; Carl Beierkuhnlein; John-Arvid Grytnes; Ole Reidar Vetaas; Alessandra Fidelis; Lea de Nascimento; Vincent Ralph Clark; José María Fernández-Palacios; Scott Franklin; Riccardo Guarino; Jihong Huang; Pavel Krestov; Keping Ma; Vladimir Onipchenko; Mike W. Palmer; Marcelo Fragomeni Simon; Christian Stolz; Alessandro Chiarucci. 2019. "Global endemics-area relationships of vascular plants." Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 17, no. 2: 41-49.
Alexander von Humboldt was arguably the most influential scientist of his day. Although his fame has since lessened relative to some of his contemporaries, we argue that his influence remains strong—mainly because his approach to science inspired others and was instrumental in furthering other scientific disciplines (such as evolution, through Darwin, and conservation science, through Muir)—and that he changed the way that large areas of science are done and communicated. Indeed, he has been called the father of a range of fields, including environmental science, earth system science, plant geography, ecology and conservation. His approach was characterized by making connections between non‐living and living nature (including humans), based on interdisciplinary thinking and informed by large amounts of data from systematic, accurate measurements in a geographical framework. Although his approach largely lacked an evolutionary perspective, he was fundamental to creating the circumstances for Darwin and Wallace to advance evolutionary science. He devoted considerable effort illustrating, communicating and popularizing science, centred on the excitement of pure science. In biogeography, his influence remains strong, including in relating climate to species distributions (e.g. biomes and latitudinal and elevational gradients) and in the use of remote sensing and species distribution modelling in macroecology. However, some key aspects of his approach have faded, particularly as science fragmented into specific disciplines and became more reductionist. We argue that asking questions in a more Humboldtian way is important for addressing current global challenges. This is well‐exemplified by researching links between geodiversity and biodiversity. Progress on this can be made by (a) systematic data collection to improve our knowledge of biodiversity and geodiversity around the world; (b) improving our understanding of the linkages between biodiversity and geodiversity; and (c) developing our understanding of the interactions of geological, biological, ecological, environmental and evolutionary processes in biogeography.
Franziska Schrodt; Maria J. Santos; Joseph J. Bailey; Richard Field. Challenges and opportunities for biogeography—What can we still learn from von Humboldt? Journal of Biogeography 2019, 46, 1631 -1642.
AMA StyleFranziska Schrodt, Maria J. Santos, Joseph J. Bailey, Richard Field. Challenges and opportunities for biogeography—What can we still learn from von Humboldt? Journal of Biogeography. 2019; 46 (8):1631-1642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranziska Schrodt; Maria J. Santos; Joseph J. Bailey; Richard Field. 2019. "Challenges and opportunities for biogeography—What can we still learn from von Humboldt?" Journal of Biogeography 46, no. 8: 1631-1642.
Despite its recognition as an important global resource for conservation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species only provides assessments of extinction risk for a small and biased subset of known biodiversity. A more complete Red List can better support species-level conservation by indicating how quickly we need to act on species deemed to be priorities for conservation action. Vascular plants represent one of the Red List knowledge gaps, with only 7% of species currently on the Red List (including in the Data Deficient and Least Concern categories). Using vascular plants as a case study we highlight how recent developments, such as changes to rules, improvements to data management systems, better assessment tools and training, can support Red List assessment activity. We also identify ongoing challenges, such as the need to support regional and national assessment initiatives, the largely voluntary nature of the Red List community, as well as the need to meet core operating costs for the Red List. Finally, we highlight how new opportunities such as automation and batch uploading can fast-track assessments, and how better monitoring of assessment growth can help assess the impact of new developments. Most of our findings are also applicable to other species-rich groups that are under-represented on the Red List. We examine trends in plant Red Listing and conclude that the rate of new assessments has not increased in line with what would be required to reach goals such as the Barometer of Life. This may result partly from a lag between recent changes and their effects, but further progress can be made by realising the opportunities outlined here and by growing the Red List community and strengthening collaboration with IUCN.
Steven P. Bachman; Richard Field; Tom Reader; Domitilla Raimondo; John Donaldson; George E. Schatz; Eimear Nic Lughadha. Progress, challenges and opportunities for Red Listing. Biological Conservation 2019, 234, 45 -55.
AMA StyleSteven P. Bachman, Richard Field, Tom Reader, Domitilla Raimondo, John Donaldson, George E. Schatz, Eimear Nic Lughadha. Progress, challenges and opportunities for Red Listing. Biological Conservation. 2019; 234 ():45-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteven P. Bachman; Richard Field; Tom Reader; Domitilla Raimondo; John Donaldson; George E. Schatz; Eimear Nic Lughadha. 2019. "Progress, challenges and opportunities for Red Listing." Biological Conservation 234, no. : 45-55.
Aims Vegetation‐plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co‐occurring in the same community. Vegetation‐plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. Results sPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015. We complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community‐weighted means and variances of traits using gap‐filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. We present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community‐weighted means of key traits. Conclusions The availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.
Helge Bruelheide; Jürgen Dengler; Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro; Oliver Purschke; Stephan M. Hennekens; Milan Chytrý; Valério D. Pillar; Florian Jansen; Jens Kattge; Brody Sandel; Isabelle Aubin; Idoia Biurrun; Richard Field; Sylvia Haider; Ute Jandt; Jonathan Lenoir; Robert K. Peet; Gwendolyn Peyre; Francesco Maria Sabatini; Marco Schmidt; Franziska Schrodt; Marten Winter; Svetlana Aćić; Emiliano Agrillo; Miguel Alvarez; Didem Ambarlı; Pierangela Angelini; Iva Apostolova; Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan; Elise Arnst; Fabio Attorre; Christopher Baraloto; Michael Beckmann; Christian Berg; Yves Bergeron; Erwin Bergmeier; Anne D. Bjorkman; Viktoria Bondareva; Peter Borchardt; Zoltán Botta‐Dukát; Brad Boyle; Amy Breen; Henry Brisse; ChaeHo Byun; Marcelo R. Cabido; Laura Casella; Luis Cayuela; Tomáš Černý; Victor Chepinoga; János Csiky; Michael Curran; Renata Ćušterevska; Zora Dajić Stevanović; Els De Bie; Patrice De Ruffray; Michele De Sanctis; Panayotis Dimopoulos; Stefan Dressler; Rasmus Ejrnæs; Mohamed Abd El‐Rouf Mousa El‐Sheikh; Brian Enquist; Jörg Ewald; Jaime Fagúndez; Manfred Finckh; Xavier Font; Estelle Forey; Georgios Fotiadis; Itziar García‐Mijangos; André Luis De Gasper; Valentin Golub; Alvaro G. Gutierrez; Mohamed Hatim; Tianhua He; Pedro Higuchi; Dana Holubová; Norbert Hölzel; Jürgen Homeier; Adrian Indreica; Deniz Işık Gürsoy; Steven Jansen; John Janssen; Birgit Jedrzejek; Martin Jiroušek; Norbert Jürgens; Zygmunt Kącki; Ali Kavgacı; Elizabeth Kearsley; Michael Kessler; Ilona Knollová; Vitaliy Kolomiychuk; Andrey Korolyuk; Maria Kozhevnikova; Łukasz Kozub; Daniel Krstonošić; Hjalmar Kühl; Ingolf Kühn; Anna Kuzemko; Filip Küzmič; Flavia Landucci; Michael T. Lee; Aurora Levesley; Ching‐Feng Li; Hongyan Liu; Gabriela Lopez‐Gonzalez; Tatiana Lysenko; Armin Macanović; Parastoo Mahdavi; Peter Manning; Corrado Marcenò; Vasiliy Martynenko; Maurizio Mencuccini; Vanessa Minden; Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund; Marco Moretti; Jonas V. Müller; Jérôme Munzinger; Ülo Niinemets; Marcin Nobis; Jalil Noroozi; Arkadiusz Nowak; Viktor Onyshchenko; Gerhard E. Overbeck; Wim A. Ozinga; Anibal Pauchard; Hristo Pedashenko; Josep Peñuelas; Aaron Pérez‐Haase; Tomáš Peterka; Petr Petřík; Oliver L. Phillips; Vadim Prokhorov; Valerijus Rašomavičius; Rasmus Revermann; John Rodwell; Eszter Ruprecht; Solvita Rūsiņa; Cyrus Samimi; Joop H.J. Schaminée; Ute Schmiedel; Jozef Šibík; Urban Šilc; Željko Škvorc; Anita Smyth; Tenekwetche Sop; Desislava Sopotlieva; Ben Sparrow; Zvjezdana Stančić; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Grzegorz Swacha; Zhiyao Tang; Ioannis Tsiripidis; Pavel Dan Turtureanu; Emin Uğurlu; Domas Uogintas; Milan Valachovič; Kim André Vanselow; Yulia Vashenyak; Kiril Vassilev; Eduardo Vélez‐Martin; Roberto Venanzoni; Alexander Vibrans; Cyrille Violle; Risto Virtanen; Henrik Von Wehrden; Viktoria Wagner; Donald A. Walker; Desalegn Wana; Evan Weiher; Karsten Wesche; Timothy Whitfeld; Wolfgang Willner; Susan Wiser; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Sergey Yamalov; Georg Zizka; Andrei Zverev. sPlot – A new tool for global vegetation analyses. Journal of Vegetation Science 2019, 30, 161 -186.
AMA StyleHelge Bruelheide, Jürgen Dengler, Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro, Oliver Purschke, Stephan M. Hennekens, Milan Chytrý, Valério D. Pillar, Florian Jansen, Jens Kattge, Brody Sandel, Isabelle Aubin, Idoia Biurrun, Richard Field, Sylvia Haider, Ute Jandt, Jonathan Lenoir, Robert K. Peet, Gwendolyn Peyre, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Marco Schmidt, Franziska Schrodt, Marten Winter, Svetlana Aćić, Emiliano Agrillo, Miguel Alvarez, Didem Ambarlı, Pierangela Angelini, Iva Apostolova, Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan, Elise Arnst, Fabio Attorre, Christopher Baraloto, Michael Beckmann, Christian Berg, Yves Bergeron, Erwin Bergmeier, Anne D. Bjorkman, Viktoria Bondareva, Peter Borchardt, Zoltán Botta‐Dukát, Brad Boyle, Amy Breen, Henry Brisse, ChaeHo Byun, Marcelo R. Cabido, Laura Casella, Luis Cayuela, Tomáš Černý, Victor Chepinoga, János Csiky, Michael Curran, Renata Ćušterevska, Zora Dajić Stevanović, Els De Bie, Patrice De Ruffray, Michele De Sanctis, Panayotis Dimopoulos, Stefan Dressler, Rasmus Ejrnæs, Mohamed Abd El‐Rouf Mousa El‐Sheikh, Brian Enquist, Jörg Ewald, Jaime Fagúndez, Manfred Finckh, Xavier Font, Estelle Forey, Georgios Fotiadis, Itziar García‐Mijangos, André Luis De Gasper, Valentin Golub, Alvaro G. Gutierrez, Mohamed Hatim, Tianhua He, Pedro Higuchi, Dana Holubová, Norbert Hölzel, Jürgen Homeier, Adrian Indreica, Deniz Işık Gürsoy, Steven Jansen, John Janssen, Birgit Jedrzejek, Martin Jiroušek, Norbert Jürgens, Zygmunt Kącki, Ali Kavgacı, Elizabeth Kearsley, Michael Kessler, Ilona Knollová, Vitaliy Kolomiychuk, Andrey Korolyuk, Maria Kozhevnikova, Łukasz Kozub, Daniel Krstonošić, Hjalmar Kühl, Ingolf Kühn, Anna Kuzemko, Filip Küzmič, Flavia Landucci, Michael T. Lee, Aurora Levesley, Ching‐Feng Li, Hongyan Liu, Gabriela Lopez‐Gonzalez, Tatiana Lysenko, Armin Macanović, Parastoo Mahdavi, Peter Manning, Corrado Marcenò, Vasiliy Martynenko, Maurizio Mencuccini, Vanessa Minden, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Marco Moretti, Jonas V. Müller, Jérôme Munzinger, Ülo Niinemets, Marcin Nobis, Jalil Noroozi, Arkadiusz Nowak, Viktor Onyshchenko, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Wim A. Ozinga, Anibal Pauchard, Hristo Pedashenko, Josep Peñuelas, Aaron Pérez‐Haase, Tomáš Peterka, Petr Petřík, Oliver L. Phillips, Vadim Prokhorov, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Rasmus Revermann, John Rodwell, Eszter Ruprecht, Solvita Rūsiņa, Cyrus Samimi, Joop H.J. Schaminée, Ute Schmiedel, Jozef Šibík, Urban Šilc, Željko Škvorc, Anita Smyth, Tenekwetche Sop, Desislava Sopotlieva, Ben Sparrow, Zvjezdana Stančić, Jens‐Christian Svenning, Grzegorz Swacha, Zhiyao Tang, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Emin Uğurlu, Domas Uogintas, Milan Valachovič, Kim André Vanselow, Yulia Vashenyak, Kiril Vassilev, Eduardo Vélez‐Martin, Roberto Venanzoni, Alexander Vibrans, Cyrille Violle, Risto Virtanen, Henrik Von Wehrden, Viktoria Wagner, Donald A. Walker, Desalegn Wana, Evan Weiher, Karsten Wesche, Timothy Whitfeld, Wolfgang Willner, Susan Wiser, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Sergey Yamalov, Georg Zizka, Andrei Zverev. sPlot – A new tool for global vegetation analyses. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2019; 30 (2):161-186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelge Bruelheide; Jürgen Dengler; Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro; Oliver Purschke; Stephan M. Hennekens; Milan Chytrý; Valério D. Pillar; Florian Jansen; Jens Kattge; Brody Sandel; Isabelle Aubin; Idoia Biurrun; Richard Field; Sylvia Haider; Ute Jandt; Jonathan Lenoir; Robert K. Peet; Gwendolyn Peyre; Francesco Maria Sabatini; Marco Schmidt; Franziska Schrodt; Marten Winter; Svetlana Aćić; Emiliano Agrillo; Miguel Alvarez; Didem Ambarlı; Pierangela Angelini; Iva Apostolova; Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan; Elise Arnst; Fabio Attorre; Christopher Baraloto; Michael Beckmann; Christian Berg; Yves Bergeron; Erwin Bergmeier; Anne D. Bjorkman; Viktoria Bondareva; Peter Borchardt; Zoltán Botta‐Dukát; Brad Boyle; Amy Breen; Henry Brisse; ChaeHo Byun; Marcelo R. Cabido; Laura Casella; Luis Cayuela; Tomáš Černý; Victor Chepinoga; János Csiky; Michael Curran; Renata Ćušterevska; Zora Dajić Stevanović; Els De Bie; Patrice De Ruffray; Michele De Sanctis; Panayotis Dimopoulos; Stefan Dressler; Rasmus Ejrnæs; Mohamed Abd El‐Rouf Mousa El‐Sheikh; Brian Enquist; Jörg Ewald; Jaime Fagúndez; Manfred Finckh; Xavier Font; Estelle Forey; Georgios Fotiadis; Itziar García‐Mijangos; André Luis De Gasper; Valentin Golub; Alvaro G. Gutierrez; Mohamed Hatim; Tianhua He; Pedro Higuchi; Dana Holubová; Norbert Hölzel; Jürgen Homeier; Adrian Indreica; Deniz Işık Gürsoy; Steven Jansen; John Janssen; Birgit Jedrzejek; Martin Jiroušek; Norbert Jürgens; Zygmunt Kącki; Ali Kavgacı; Elizabeth Kearsley; Michael Kessler; Ilona Knollová; Vitaliy Kolomiychuk; Andrey Korolyuk; Maria Kozhevnikova; Łukasz Kozub; Daniel Krstonošić; Hjalmar Kühl; Ingolf Kühn; Anna Kuzemko; Filip Küzmič; Flavia Landucci; Michael T. Lee; Aurora Levesley; Ching‐Feng Li; Hongyan Liu; Gabriela Lopez‐Gonzalez; Tatiana Lysenko; Armin Macanović; Parastoo Mahdavi; Peter Manning; Corrado Marcenò; Vasiliy Martynenko; Maurizio Mencuccini; Vanessa Minden; Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund; Marco Moretti; Jonas V. Müller; Jérôme Munzinger; Ülo Niinemets; Marcin Nobis; Jalil Noroozi; Arkadiusz Nowak; Viktor Onyshchenko; Gerhard E. Overbeck; Wim A. Ozinga; Anibal Pauchard; Hristo Pedashenko; Josep Peñuelas; Aaron Pérez‐Haase; Tomáš Peterka; Petr Petřík; Oliver L. Phillips; Vadim Prokhorov; Valerijus Rašomavičius; Rasmus Revermann; John Rodwell; Eszter Ruprecht; Solvita Rūsiņa; Cyrus Samimi; Joop H.J. Schaminée; Ute Schmiedel; Jozef Šibík; Urban Šilc; Željko Škvorc; Anita Smyth; Tenekwetche Sop; Desislava Sopotlieva; Ben Sparrow; Zvjezdana Stančić; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Grzegorz Swacha; Zhiyao Tang; Ioannis Tsiripidis; Pavel Dan Turtureanu; Emin Uğurlu; Domas Uogintas; Milan Valachovič; Kim André Vanselow; Yulia Vashenyak; Kiril Vassilev; Eduardo Vélez‐Martin; Roberto Venanzoni; Alexander Vibrans; Cyrille Violle; Risto Virtanen; Henrik Von Wehrden; Viktoria Wagner; Donald A. Walker; Desalegn Wana; Evan Weiher; Karsten Wesche; Timothy Whitfeld; Wolfgang Willner; Susan Wiser; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Sergey Yamalov; Georg Zizka; Andrei Zverev. 2019. "sPlot – A new tool for global vegetation analyses." Journal of Vegetation Science 30, no. 2: 161-186.
Tropical forests store and sequester large quantities of carbon, mitigating climate change. Lianas (woody vines) are important tropical forest components, most conspicuous in the canopy. Lianas reduce forest carbon uptake and their recent increase may, therefore, limit forest carbon storage with global consequences for climate change. Liana infestation of tree crowns is traditionally assessed from the ground, which is labour intensive and difficult, particularly for upper canopy layers. We used a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to assess liana infestation of tree canopies from above. It was a commercially available quadcopter UAV with an integrated, standard three‐waveband camera to collect aerial image data for 150 ha of tropical forest canopy. By visually interpreting the images, we assessed the degree of liana infestation for 14.15 ha of forest for which ground‐based estimates were collected simultaneously. We compared the UAV liana infestation estimates with those from the ground to determine the validity, strengths, and weaknesses of using UAVs as a new method for assessing liana infestation of tree canopies. Estimates of liana infestation from the UAV correlated strongly with ground‐based surveys at individual tree and plot level, and across multiple forest types and spatial resolutions, improving liana infestation assessment for upper canopy layers. Importantly, UAV‐based surveys, including the image collection, processing, and visual interpretation, were considerably faster and more cost‐efficient than ground‐based surveys. Synthesis and applications. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image data of tree canopies can be easily captured and used to assess liana infestation at least as accurately as traditional ground data. This novel method promotes reproducibility of results and quality control, and enables additional variables to be derived from the image data. It is more cost‐effective, time‐efficient and covers larger geographical extents than traditional ground surveys, enabling more comprehensive monitoring of changes in liana infestation over space and time. This is important for assessing liana impacts on the global carbon balance, and particularly useful for forest management where knowledge of the location and change in liana infestation can be used for tailored, targeted, and effective management of tropical forests for enhanced carbon sequestration (e.g., REDD+ projects), timber concessions, and forest restoration.
Catherine E. Waite; Geertje M. F. Van Der Heijden; Richard Field; Doreen S. Boyd. A view from above: Unmanned aerial vehicles ( UAV s) provide a new tool for assessing liana infestation in tropical forest canopies. Journal of Applied Ecology 2019, 56, 902 -912.
AMA StyleCatherine E. Waite, Geertje M. F. Van Der Heijden, Richard Field, Doreen S. Boyd. A view from above: Unmanned aerial vehicles ( UAV s) provide a new tool for assessing liana infestation in tropical forest canopies. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2019; 56 (4):902-912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatherine E. Waite; Geertje M. F. Van Der Heijden; Richard Field; Doreen S. Boyd. 2019. "A view from above: Unmanned aerial vehicles ( UAV s) provide a new tool for assessing liana infestation in tropical forest canopies." Journal of Applied Ecology 56, no. 4: 902-912.