The burgeoning landscape of literature on mobility inequalities has led to discrepancies between a conceptual understanding of mobility inequalities and its implementation in planning practice. Reviewing 270 publications across five decades, this article identifies intrinsic and extrinsic factors and approaches for understanding and analyzing mobility inequality. Using two thought experiments to critically locate variations in factors and approaches, dilemmas and challenges in addressing mobility inequality for the marginalized are exposed. The article concludes with future research directions for investigating mobility inequality.

Despite numerous studies suggesting a path-dependent relationship between transport–land use policies and urban structures, particularly on the emergence of car-oriented development, this connection has rarely been explained with spatial evidence. To address this gap, this paper investigated the historical and spatial urban transformation of Greater Jakarta from three different time periods to understand today’s extensive use of and dependence on private vehicles. This study applied a multi-method approach of (1) historical literature review, (2) computational analysis of the street network using space syntax, and (3) visual analysis of video recordings to allow for a comprehensive insight into the socio-spatial aspects of urbanization as a path-dependent course. The findings indicate that Jakarta’s pedestrian network has been diminishing over time against the well-connected vehicular network. Furthermore, the remaining potential for walking cannot be actualized due to walking inconveniences at the street level. This suggests mobility inequality, since access to citywide urban functions is highly dependent on the access to private vehicles. It also provides spatial evidence that previous policies have had a long-term impact on socio-spatial structures. This paper contributes not only scientific reference for transport and mobility studies in the Southeast Asia region, but also a practical reference for urban planners and policy-makers on how to achieve sustainable development goals and to provide equal access for all.

To date, little is known about the interplay between transport, land use and the social systems that influence potential and realised accessibility in Southeast Asia. This paper aims to understand these relationships in an informal settlement – a kampong – at the edge of the upscale Menteng district, Jakarta. We applied a mixed-methods approach of (1) a computational street network analysis using space syntax, (2) video analysis to understand travel behaviour and land use and (3) an analysis of street users’ experiences collected through interviews. Our findings indicated that the pedestrian accessibility was not fully realised due to unsupportive land uses and negative perceptions of walking experienced by kampong inhabitants. Marginalised groups became captive pedestrians limited in their mobility choices. This study provides insights into Jakarta’s informal settlements and how urban planning can contribute to sustainable development for inclusive, safe, and resilient cities.

Pembatasan mobilitas untuk mengurangi bertambahnya kasus Covid-19 berupa penyekatan, pemberlakuan jam malam, serta penerapan protokol kesehatan ketika bepergian telah mengubah perilaku mobilitas masyarakat. Sayangnya, perubahan perilaku tersebut belum terdokumentasi dengan baik sehingga tidak terintegrasi dalam penyusunan kebijakan transportasi, dan akibatnya, pembatasan mobilitas menjadi tidak atau kurang efektif untuk menghambat laju kasus Covid-19 di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode konten analisis terhadap 193 artikel berita nasional, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi perilaku perjalanan yang dapat mempengaruhi kepatuhan (atau pelanggaran) terhadap pembatasan mobilitas di Indonesia. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan mengkategorikan perilaku perjalanan ke dalam respon spasial, temporal, dan institusional. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan pelanggaran pembatasan mobilitas (64% dari 193 pemberitaan) antara lain melalui pemilihan rute yang tidak dijaga petugas, serta bepergian pada jam ataupun periode yang dilarang. Temuan ini dapat menjadi masukan strategi preventif dalam perumusan kebijakan transportasi di masa mendatang, terutama terkait pembatasan mobilitas walaupun skalanya relatif lebih kecil, seperti pembatasan mobilitas melalui ganjil-genap ataupun penutupan jalan pada waktu-waktu tertentu.