As a source of bioactive compounds, species of the genus Lupinus are interesting legumes from a nutritional point of view. Although wild species are abundant and represent a potential source of nutrients and biologically active compounds, most research has focused on domesticated and semi-domesticated species, such as Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus, and Lupinus mutabilis. Therefore, in this review, we focus on recent research conducted on the wild Lupinus species of Mexico. The nutritional content of these species is characterized (similar to those of the domesticated species), including proteins (isolates), lipids, minerals, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds, such as oligosaccharides, flavonoids, and alkaloids.

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) is in high demand worldwide due to its beneficial health properties owing to the polyphenols content, mainly in the flower calyx. The objective of this study was to find the best conditions (time and liquid: solid ratio) to extract polyphenols from Roselle using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) (40 kHz, 180 W), with ethanol how solvent; as well as determine the yield of phenols, anthocyanin, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and antigenotoxic effect (comet assay). A traditional solid-liquid extraction was applied as a reference. Extraction times of 40 and 60 min resulted in the highest polyphenols (13.019 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw)), flavonoids (4.981 CE/g dw), anthocyanins (1.855 mg Cya3GE/g dw), and tannins (0.745 CE/g dw) recoveries and an antioxidant activity (DPPH) of 74.58%. Extracts from white calyces contained similar amounts of phenols and flavonoids, but very little condensed tannins (0.049 CE/g dw) and practically no anthocyanins. Extracts from red and white calyces, showed antigenotoxic activity and repaired capacity of damage caused by mutagens in human lymphocytes.

Magnolia pugana (Iltis & A. Vazquez) A. Vázquez & Carvajal, an endemic Mexican species of the Magnoliaceae family, has received limited phytochemical and pharmacological attention. This study reports, for the first time, the chemical composition and in vitro bioactivities of essential oils (EOs) obtained from its leaves, flowers, and seeds. EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (GC-FID), revealing cyclocolorenone, a sesquiterpene, as the major compound (38–40%) across all plant parts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH• and ABTS• radical scavenging assays, complemented by bioautographic thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antibacterial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against human pathogenic bacteria, while cytotoxicity was assessed in MCF-7 (breast) and HT-29 (colon) cancer cell lines. Seed and flower EOs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 21.5 mg/mL and 9.04 mg/mL, respectively. Strong antibacterial effects were observed against Gram-positive strains, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 355.11 µg/mL) and S. aureus (MIC = 710.23 µg/mL). Leaf EO showed selective cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 cells (IC₅₀ = 27.25 µg/mL), while seed EO was most active against HT-29 cells (IC₅₀ = 54.01 µg/mL). These results suggest that M. pugana EOs, especially those from seeds, are a promising source of natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.

This study focused on analyzing and comparing bioactive compounds, specifically phenolics, in the pulp and leaf of Annona muricata (soursop), a crop highly valued in Latin America for its culinary and traditional uses. Methanolic extractions of leaf and pulp were performed for phytochemical screening, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and measurements of antioxidant capacity. The results confirmed the presence of 15 phenolic compounds in the leaf and 14 in the pulp; these included phenolic acids and flavonoids. Shikimic acid was the main component identified, constituting 85 mg/g of the dry leaf sample and 17.50 mg/g of the dry pulp. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH and FRAP. The percentages of inhibition were 70.93 and 15.10 in the leaf and pulp, respectively. This work expands our knowledge about the compounds present in A. muricata, which may be partly responsible for the known benefits of this plant for human health and nutrition.

Glyphosate is a controversial herbicide. Its genotoxicity and presence in various ecosystems have been reported. The use of ascorbic acid and resveratrol could protect different organisms from glyphosate-induced genetic damage. In the present study, specific genetic damage induced by glyphosate was evaluated in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum and human lymphocytes. Simultaneously, the antigenotoxic capacity of various concentrations of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was evaluated by means of pretreatment and simultaneous treatment protocols. The 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM concentrations of glyphosate induced significant genotoxic activity (p < 0.05) in human lymphocytes and in erythrocytes of the species studied, and could cause genomic instability in these populations. The reduction in genetic damage observed in human lymphocytes exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate is only apparent: excessive genetic damage was associated with undetectable excessive tail migration length. A significant (p < 0.05) antigenotoxic effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was observed in all concentrations, organisms and protocols used. Both ascorbic acid and resveratrol play an important role in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Ascorbic acid in Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum reduced glyphosate-induced genetic damage to a basal level. Therefore, our data indicate that these antioxidants could help preserve the integrity of the DNA of organisms exposed to glyphosate. The consumption of antioxidants is a useful tool against the genotoxicity of glyphosate.