The paper presents a proprietary method of making composite cast iron (eutectic) locally reinforced with ceramics. The research included making casts with a ceramic layer, its percentage of the surface was 30%. The research included abrasive wear resistance according to ASTM G 65-00. As a result of the research it has been found that the infiltration of the molten metal into the ceramic preform mainly affects the correct production of the cast with local reinforcement. The research results also have proven that the application of a lattice ceramic insert placed in the mould is the most appropriate option, due to the even distribution of the particles in the cast and obtaining a sound cast.

The paper presents a technology of layered castings based on the use of a method of mould cavity preparation via spatial skeleton insert. The insert was created as a result of application of 3D printing selective laser melting method. The studied spatial skeleton insert, made from CP2 Ti powder, was placed into the mould cavity directly before pouring grey cast iron. The scope of the conducted studies covered metallographic research using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope with EDS analysis, hardness measurements and abrasive wear resistance tests. The obtained results show that the interaction between the solid spatial skeleton insert and liquid alloy allowed for the production of a casting of pearlitic grey cast iron with flake graphite, containing a surface layer reinforced with titanium carbides. In consequence, a local increase in hardness was obtained and, moreover, an increase in abrasive wear resistance of the whole surface layer of the casting.

The paper presents the problem which concerning the technology of bimetallic castings in materials configuration: high-chromium steel as the working layer and grey cast iron as the base part. The aim of the studies was integrate the process of manufacturing of bimetallic casting with the heat treatment of hardening type of X46Cr13 steel insert by applying the mould with sandmix on a matrix of chromite sand. Range of studies included the chemical composition analysis, non-destructive ultrasonic tests to examine the quality of the permanent bond between the working layer (steel insert) and the base part (grey cast iron) of the bimetallic castings, hardness measurements as well as metallographic examinations performed on the optical and scanning electron microscopes. On the basis of obtained results was concluded that the self-hardening process occurred in the X46Cr 13 steel working layer and in result of this the hardness on its surface equalled approx. 45HRC in case of the bimetallic castings with full permanent bond between both parts.

The research conducted in this study aimed to determine whether the production of a layered casting in the material system of X46Cr13 steel (working part) and gray cast iron (base part) can be integrated with the hardening process of this steel within the conditions of the casting mold. Accordingly, a series of layered castings was produced by preparing the mold cavity, where a monolithic steel insert was poured with molten gray cast iron with flake graphite. The variable factors in the casting production process included the pouring temperature T_p and the thickness of the support part g. Importantly, given that the hardening of the X46Cr13 steel insert occurred directly within the mold, the selection of casting parameters had to balance the ability to heat the insert to the austenitization temperature Tγ_≥950°C while also creating thermokinetic conditions conducive to the rapid cooling of the system. Therefore, chromite sand—commonly regarded as a rapid-cooling material—was selected as the matrix for the molding material. Based on the conducted studies, it was determined that the thermokinetic properties of this material allowed the surface of the cast working part to be heated to the austenitization temperature. The microstructure consisted of Cr(Fe) carbides within a martensitic-pearlitic matrix, with martensite filling the grains of the primary austenite and pearlite situated along their boundaries. The carbides were primarily located at grain boundaries and, to a lesser extent, within the primary austenite grains. Through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, the type of Cr(Fe) carbide in the microstructure of the working part was identified as M₂₃C₆.

In paper a method of improvement in utility properties of unalloyed cast steel casting in result of diffusion of C and Cr in process of creation of surface layer is presented. The aim of paper was determination of diffusion range of basic elements of alloyed surface layer. Moreover a quantitative analysis of carbides phase strengthens alloyed surface layer of casting was carried out. The results of studies shown that important factors of surface layer creation are maximal temperature T_max on granular insert – cast steel boundary dependent of pouring temperature, granularity Z_w of Fe-Cr-C alloy insert and thickness of casting wall g_śo. On the basis of obtained results was affirmed that with increase of thickness of casting wall increases range of diffusion in solid state in Fe-Cr-C grains and in liquid state. Moreover the range of T_max = 13001500^oC favours creation of the proper alloyed surface layers on cast steel.

The article presents the technology of layered casting with the use of 3D printing to make a frame insert. The insert was made of powdered titanium and then filled with liquid cast iron. The paper presents the results of research, including structure observation and hardness measurements, as well as abrasion resistance tests. The results indicate the possibility of creating a local reinforcement using a frame insert. The resulting casting is characterized by a local increase in hardness and, in addition, an increase in abrasion resistance of the entire surface layer. The quality of the obtained connection depends strongly on the casting parameters.