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Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) were reported to participate in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, but their role in mitigating heat stress is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the ability of a Solanum tuberosum L. GLP (StGLP) gene isolated from the yeast cDNA library generated from heat-stressed potato plants and characterized its role in generating innate and/or acquired thermo-tolerance to potato via genetic transformation. The transgenic plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to gradual heat stress (GHS) compared with sudden heat shock (SHS) in terms of maximal cell viability, minimal ion leakage and reduced chlorophyll breakdown. Further, three StGLP transgenic lines (G9, G12 and G15) exhibited enhanced production of H2O2, which was either reduced or blocked by inhibitors of H2O2 under normal and heat stress conditions. This tolerance was mediated by up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and other heat stress-responsive genes (StHSP70, StHSP20 and StHSP90) in transgenic potato plants. These results demonstrate that H2O2 produced by over-expression of StGLP in transgenic potato plants triggered the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging signaling pathways controlling antioxidant and heat stress-responsive genes in these plants imparting tolerance to heat stress.
Baniekal Hiremath Gangadhar; Raghvendra Kumar Mishra; Sajeesh Kappachery; Venkidasamy Baskar; Jelli Venkatesh; Akula Nookaraju; Muthu Thiruvengadam. Enhanced thermo-tolerance in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) overexpressing hydrogen peroxide-producing germin-like protein (GLP). Genomics 2021, 113, 3224 -3234.
AMA StyleBaniekal Hiremath Gangadhar, Raghvendra Kumar Mishra, Sajeesh Kappachery, Venkidasamy Baskar, Jelli Venkatesh, Akula Nookaraju, Muthu Thiruvengadam. Enhanced thermo-tolerance in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) overexpressing hydrogen peroxide-producing germin-like protein (GLP). Genomics. 2021; 113 (5):3224-3234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaniekal Hiremath Gangadhar; Raghvendra Kumar Mishra; Sajeesh Kappachery; Venkidasamy Baskar; Jelli Venkatesh; Akula Nookaraju; Muthu Thiruvengadam. 2021. "Enhanced thermo-tolerance in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) overexpressing hydrogen peroxide-producing germin-like protein (GLP)." Genomics 113, no. 5: 3224-3234.
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is the most famous, flavored, functional, and therapeutic non-alcoholic beverage, with two-thirds of the world's population drinking it. Tea leaves are demonstrated to contain many bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, amino acids, volatile compounds, and alkaloids, all of which have a good potential of biomedical uses. In plants under stress, including diverse elicitors or signal molecules, accumulation of such metabolites occurs frequently. In adapting plants to the ecosystem and alleviating stress conditions, phytochemicals play a significant role. Ecological factors may be categorized into biotic and abiotic factors which may be artificially induced to activate plant defense responses due to the generation of bioactive compounds. Different biotic and abiotic factors are directly linked to the productivity of tea. Abiotic and biotic factors such as temperature, cold, nutrition, shading, humidity, light intensity, water supply, mechanical, nutrition influence the growth of the plant and the production of the bioactive compounds in tea. Biotic and abiotic factors are versatile tools for the overproduction of valuable metabolites in tea. In this review, an update will be provided on current research focusing on the response of tea to an integration of various stresses. In specific, we will discuss how various stress responses are integrated and how they affect plant growth and physiological characteristics.
Ramkumar Samynathan; S. Kiruthikaa; Chithraanjane; M. Harsha; R. Victor J. Ilango; AshokRaj Shanmugam; Baskar Venkidasamy; Muthu Thiruvengadam. The effect of abiotic and biotic stresses on the production of bioactive compounds in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Plant Gene 2021, 27, 100316 .
AMA StyleRamkumar Samynathan, S. Kiruthikaa, Chithraanjane, M. Harsha, R. Victor J. Ilango, AshokRaj Shanmugam, Baskar Venkidasamy, Muthu Thiruvengadam. The effect of abiotic and biotic stresses on the production of bioactive compounds in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Plant Gene. 2021; 27 ():100316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamkumar Samynathan; S. Kiruthikaa; Chithraanjane; M. Harsha; R. Victor J. Ilango; AshokRaj Shanmugam; Baskar Venkidasamy; Muthu Thiruvengadam. 2021. "The effect of abiotic and biotic stresses on the production of bioactive compounds in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)." Plant Gene 27, no. : 100316.
Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) viruses cause an acute febrile illness which is hard to clinically differentiate and treat since both exhibit similar symptoms. Hence, this study was aimed at identifying the expression profiles of cytokines on co-infected samples and compare with CHIKV and DENV mono-infected samples. Serum samples of 292 suspected patients during 2009-2011 were analyzed. The presence of primary (IgM)/secondary (IgG) antibodies and early NS1 Dengue antigens were confirmed by capture ELISA. Molecular diagnosis and serotypes were discriminated by RT-PCR, confirmed by sequencing. All the plasma samples were assayed for cytokine expression by BDTM cytometry bead array (CBA) and compared with independent mono-infection viral load. Among the tested samples, 82 were confirmed as Dengue positive; 52 through IgM (17.8%), and 30 through IgG (10.2%). Additionally, 186 samples were confirmed as Chikungunya, 96 through IgM (32.6%) and 92 through IgG (31.5%) ELISA, respectively. Interestingly, 19 patients were co-infection positive in which, only 6 were confirmed for CHIKV and 7 for DENV by RT-PCR. Among 8 cytokines, IL-2, IL-8, IFNα, IFN γ, and IL-12 were found to be significantly different between co-infected and CHIKV mono-infected patients and correlated with viral load. DENV viral load was correlated with cytokine expression and a significant difference in IL-2 and IL-12 was observed between DENV mono-infected and DENV and CHIKV co-infected patients. Results indicated that apart from serological and molecular confirmation, cytokines could be used as a specific biomarker for the diagnosis of DENV and CHIKV. In the future, the role of independent cytokines can be determined to understand the pathogenesis and etiology of these dreadful diseases.
Saravana Krishnan; Jayashri Mahalingam; Shanthi Sabarimurugan; Thiruvengadam Muthu; Baskar Venkidasamy; Kaveri Krishnasamy; Ashutosh Sharma; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients’ Samples. Pathogens 2021, 10, 166 .
AMA StyleSaravana Krishnan, Jayashri Mahalingam, Shanthi Sabarimurugan, Thiruvengadam Muthu, Baskar Venkidasamy, Kaveri Krishnasamy, Ashutosh Sharma, Sathishkumar Ramalingam. Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients’ Samples. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (2):166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaravana Krishnan; Jayashri Mahalingam; Shanthi Sabarimurugan; Thiruvengadam Muthu; Baskar Venkidasamy; Kaveri Krishnasamy; Ashutosh Sharma; Sathishkumar Ramalingam. 2021. "Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients’ Samples." Pathogens 10, no. 2: 166.
The importance of fruit-derived resveratrol (RES) in the treatment of various diseases has been discussed in various research publications. Those research findings have indicated the ability of the molecule as therapeutic in the context of in vitro and in vivo conditions. Mostly, the application of RES in in vivo conditions, encapsulation processes have been carried out using various nanoparticles that are made of biocompatible biomaterials, which are easily digested or metabolized, and RES is absorbed effectively. These biomaterials are non-toxic and are safe to be used as components in the biotherapeutics. They are made from naturally available by-products of food materials like zein or corn or components of the physiological system as with lipids. The versatility of the RES nanoparticles in their different materials, working range sizes, specificity in their targeting in various human diseases, and the mechanisms associated with them are discussed in this review.
Ill-Min Chung; Umadevi Subramanian; Prabhu Thirupathi; Baskar Venkidasamy; Ramkumar Samynathan; Baniekal Hiremath Gangadhar; Govindasamy Rajakumar; Muthu Thiruvengadam. Resveratrol Nanoparticles: A Promising Therapeutic Advancement over Native Resveratrol. Processes 2020, 8, 458 .
AMA StyleIll-Min Chung, Umadevi Subramanian, Prabhu Thirupathi, Baskar Venkidasamy, Ramkumar Samynathan, Baniekal Hiremath Gangadhar, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Muthu Thiruvengadam. Resveratrol Nanoparticles: A Promising Therapeutic Advancement over Native Resveratrol. Processes. 2020; 8 (4):458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIll-Min Chung; Umadevi Subramanian; Prabhu Thirupathi; Baskar Venkidasamy; Ramkumar Samynathan; Baniekal Hiremath Gangadhar; Govindasamy Rajakumar; Muthu Thiruvengadam. 2020. "Resveratrol Nanoparticles: A Promising Therapeutic Advancement over Native Resveratrol." Processes 8, no. 4: 458.
Potato is the most widely cultivated non-cereal crop in the world, and like any other crop, it is susceptible to yield losses because of various factors, including pathogen attacks. Among the various diseases of potato, late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is considered as the most devastating disease worldwide. In this study, transgenic potato plants overexpressing the D-galacturonic acid reductase (GalUR) gene with an enhanced level of cellular L-ascorbate (L-AsA) were challenged with Phytophthora infestans to determine the level of stress tolerance induced in those plants. With the onset of pathogen infection, necrotic lesions progressively expanded and became necrotic in the control plants. The transgenic potato lines with enhanced ascorbic acid showed reduced necrotic lesions. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were relatively lower in transgenic plants compared to the untransformed control (UT) plants. The mRNA expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, such as pathogenesis related 1 (PR1) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were slightly higher in GalUR overexpressing transgenic lines as compared to the untransformed control plants. Pathogen infection also altered the mRNA expression of genes associated with gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Furthermore, the increase in various antioxidant enzymes was also observed in the gene expression analysis with the transgenic plants. The complete loss of the pathogen growth and disease occurrence was not observed in our study; however, the findings indicated that an increase in the level of cellular L-ascorbate in the transgenic potato leads to enhanced cellular antioxidants, PR genes and plant defense hormones, such as GA and ABA resulting in the reduction of the disease symptoms caused by the Phytophthora infestans.
Ill-Min Chung; Baskar Venkidasamy; Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya; Gurusaravanan Packiaraj; Govindasamy Rajakumar; Muthu Thiruvengadam. Alleviation of Phytophthora infestans Mediated Necrotic Stress in the Transgenic Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Enhanced Ascorbic acid Accumulation. Plants 2019, 8, 365 .
AMA StyleIll-Min Chung, Baskar Venkidasamy, Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya, Gurusaravanan Packiaraj, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Muthu Thiruvengadam. Alleviation of Phytophthora infestans Mediated Necrotic Stress in the Transgenic Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Enhanced Ascorbic acid Accumulation. Plants. 2019; 8 (10):365.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIll-Min Chung; Baskar Venkidasamy; Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya; Gurusaravanan Packiaraj; Govindasamy Rajakumar; Muthu Thiruvengadam. 2019. "Alleviation of Phytophthora infestans Mediated Necrotic Stress in the Transgenic Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Enhanced Ascorbic acid Accumulation." Plants 8, no. 10: 365.
Gymnema sylvestre is a plant that is enriched in bioactive compounds. In particular, gymnemic acids (GA) and phenolic compounds (PC) are pharmaceutically important. There is a commercial demand for naturally occurring bioactive compounds, but their availability is limited due to geographical and seasonal variations. The elicitation approach can enhance the biosynthesis of phytochemicals during in vitro culture of G. sylvestre. Here, to further improve gymnemic acid II (GA II) and phenolic compounds (PC) production by G. sylvestre, cell suspension cultures (CSC), which has attracted attention for the production of essential phytochemicals, was explored using copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Callus was obtained on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, kinetin, phytoagar, and sucrose. Agar-free MS medium was used to initiate CSC, which was treated with three concentrations of CuO NPs (1, 3 or 5 mg/L). Treatment for 48 h with 3 mg/L CuO NPs resulted in the greatest yields of GA II, total phenolics, and flavonoids. The cultures also displayed pronounced antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. The use of CuO NPs (3 mg/L) significantly increased the production of GA II (nine-fold) and PC compared to unamended CSC. We propose that CSC and use of nanoparticles (NPs) as a new generation of elicitors, offer a suitable prospect for the production of bioactive compounds.
Ill-Min Chung; Govindasamy Rajakumar; Umadevi Subramanian; Baskar Venkidasamy; Muthu Thiruvengadam. Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Enhancement of Bioactive Compounds Using Cell Suspension Cultures of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2165 .
AMA StyleIll-Min Chung, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Umadevi Subramanian, Baskar Venkidasamy, Muthu Thiruvengadam. Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Enhancement of Bioactive Compounds Using Cell Suspension Cultures of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (10):2165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIll-Min Chung; Govindasamy Rajakumar; Umadevi Subramanian; Baskar Venkidasamy; Muthu Thiruvengadam. 2019. "Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Enhancement of Bioactive Compounds Using Cell Suspension Cultures of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10: 2165.