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Spent coffee ground (SCG) is a significant by-product generated by the coffee industry. It is considered a great source of bioactive molecules well-recognized for exerting biological properties. This study aimed to implement SCG in a baked foods, such as cookies (SCGc), to increase their bioactive potential. A comprehensive study of the polyphenolic fraction of the SCG and SCGc using a high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was performed. Moreover, the polyphenol bioaccessibility and change in antioxidant activity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GiD) were assessed. Data showed that SCGc provided 780 mg of melanoidins, 16.2 mg of chlorogenic acid (CGA), 6.5 mg of caffeine, and 0.08 mg of phenolic acids per 100 g of sample. Moreover, the 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the most relevant CGA found in SCG (116.4 mg/100 g) and SCGc (8.2 mg/100 g) samples. The antioxidant activity evaluated through three spectrophotometric tests, and the total phenolic compounds of SCGc samples exhibited significantly higher values than the control samples. Furthermore, during simulated GiD, the highest bioaccessibility of SCGc polyphenols was observed after the colonic stage, suggesting their potential advantages for human health. Therefore, SCG with high content in bioactive molecules could represent an innovative ingredient intended to fortify baked food formulations.
Luigi Castaldo; Sonia Lombardi; Anna Gaspari; Mario Rubino; Luana Izzo; Alfonso Narváez; Alberto Ritieni; Michela Grosso. In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Spent Coffee Grounds-Enriched Cookies. Foods 2021, 10, 1837 .
AMA StyleLuigi Castaldo, Sonia Lombardi, Anna Gaspari, Mario Rubino, Luana Izzo, Alfonso Narváez, Alberto Ritieni, Michela Grosso. In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Spent Coffee Grounds-Enriched Cookies. Foods. 2021; 10 (8):1837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Castaldo; Sonia Lombardi; Anna Gaspari; Mario Rubino; Luana Izzo; Alfonso Narváez; Alberto Ritieni; Michela Grosso. 2021. "In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Spent Coffee Grounds-Enriched Cookies." Foods 10, no. 8: 1837.
The World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern; the outbreak has led to lockdowns in several parts of the world, and sudden changes in people’s lifestyles. This study explores the impact of the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period on dietary habits, lifestyle changes, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Italian population, through an online questionnaire, conducted from April to May 2020, involving 1519 participants. The 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) highlighted a medium Mediterranean diet adherence in 73.5% of responders, which principally included the younger population, aged 18–30 years (p < 0.05). In regards to changes in eating habits, 33.5% of responders declared an influence of the pandemic period on nutritional practice. A decrease in alcohol consumption was reported by 81% of responders, while an increase in frozen food consumption was reported by 81.3% of responders. In addition, 58.8% reported positive weight modification (40.8%, +1–3 kg); physical activity reduction was reported for 70.5% of responders. Our study contributes toward amplifying the investigation on the dietary habits and changes of the Italian population during the COVID-19 lockdown, although the pandemic is ongoing. Similar studies should be performed around the world to understand how the emergency has impacted people’s habits.
Luana Izzo; Antonio Santonastaso; Gaetano Cotticelli; Alessandro Federico; Severina Pacifico; Luigi Castaldo; Annamaria Colao; Alberto Ritieni. An Italian Survey on Dietary Habits and Changes during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1197 .
AMA StyleLuana Izzo, Antonio Santonastaso, Gaetano Cotticelli, Alessandro Federico, Severina Pacifico, Luigi Castaldo, Annamaria Colao, Alberto Ritieni. An Italian Survey on Dietary Habits and Changes during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (4):1197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuana Izzo; Antonio Santonastaso; Gaetano Cotticelli; Alessandro Federico; Severina Pacifico; Luigi Castaldo; Annamaria Colao; Alberto Ritieni. 2021. "An Italian Survey on Dietary Habits and Changes during the COVID-19 Lockdown." Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1197.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) waste contains a broad range of bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, which have poor bioaccessibility during gastrointestinal digestion. This work aimed to investigate the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion using two nutraceutical formulations based on non-acid-resistant (NAR) and acid-resistant (AR) capsules containing aqueous-based extracts from fennel waste. Moreover, to obtain a comprehensive investigation of the polyphenolic constituents of the fennel waste extract, a high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q-Orbitrap) analysis was performed. Notably, chlorogenic acids, such as 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, were the most detected compounds found in assayed samples (1.949 and 0.490 mg/g, respectively). After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the extract contained in AR capsules displayed higher bioaccessibility in both the duodenal and colonic stages (1.96 and 5.19 mg GAE/g, respectively) than NAR capsules (1.72 and 3.50 mg GAE/g, respectively), suggesting that the acidic gastric conditions negatively affected the polyphenol compounds released from the NAR capsules. Therefore, the aqueous extract of fennel waste could be proposed as an innovative and easily available source of dietary polyphenols. Furthermore, the use of an AR capsule could improve the polyphenol bioaccessibility and can be proposed as a nutraceutical formulation.
Luigi Castaldo; Luana Izzo; Stefania De Pascale; Alfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodriguez-Carrasco; Alberto Ritieni. Chemical Composition, In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Nutraceutical Fennel Waste Extract. Molecules 2021, 26, 1968 .
AMA StyleLuigi Castaldo, Luana Izzo, Stefania De Pascale, Alfonso Narváez, Yelko Rodriguez-Carrasco, Alberto Ritieni. Chemical Composition, In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Nutraceutical Fennel Waste Extract. Molecules. 2021; 26 (7):1968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Castaldo; Luana Izzo; Stefania De Pascale; Alfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodriguez-Carrasco; Alberto Ritieni. 2021. "Chemical Composition, In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Nutraceutical Fennel Waste Extract." Molecules 26, no. 7: 1968.
Coffee represents one of the most traditionally consumed beverages worldwide, containing a broad range of human health–related compounds. According to previous studies, regular coffee consumption may display protective effects against colorectal cancer and other chronic diseases. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of phenolic content and variation in antioxidant capacity of three different types of coffee brews after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. This would allow to elucidate how antioxidant compounds present in coffee may exert their effect on the human body, especially in the colonic stage. Moreover, the content of bioactive compounds namely chlorogenic acids (CGAs, n = 11) and caffeine was also assessed throughout ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography followed by high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The three main isomers of caffeoylquinic acid constituted the highest fraction of CGAs present in the samples, accounting for 66.0% to 70.9% of total CGAs. The bioaccessibility of coffee polyphenols significantly increased in digested samples from 45.9% to 62.9% at the end of the colonic passage, compared to the non-digested samples. These results point to the colonic stage as the major biological site of action of the active antioxidant coffee compounds.
Luigi Castaldo; Luana Izzo; Alfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Michela Grosso; Alberto Ritieni. Colon Bioaccessibility under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Different Coffee Brews Chemically Profiled through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Foods 2021, 10, 179 .
AMA StyleLuigi Castaldo, Luana Izzo, Alfonso Narváez, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Michela Grosso, Alberto Ritieni. Colon Bioaccessibility under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Different Coffee Brews Chemically Profiled through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Foods. 2021; 10 (1):179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Castaldo; Luana Izzo; Alfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Michela Grosso; Alberto Ritieni. 2021. "Colon Bioaccessibility under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Different Coffee Brews Chemically Profiled through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS." Foods 10, no. 1: 179.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases (CVD) share common metabolic pathways. We explored the association between three NAFLD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs738409, rs10401969, and rs1260326 with sub-clinical atherosclerosis estimated by the carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) and the inter-adventitia common carotid artery diameter (ICCAD) in patients free from clinically overt NAFLD and CVD. The study population is the IMPROVE, a multicenter European study (n = 3711). C-IMT measures and ICCAD were recorded using a standardized protocol. Linear regression with an additive genetic model was used to test for association of the three SNPs with c-IMT and ICCAD. In secondary analyses, the association of the three SNPs with c-IMT and ICCAD was tested after stratification by alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT). No associations were found between rs738409, rs1260326, rs10401969, and c-IMT or ICCAD. Rs738409-G and rs10401969-C were associated with ALT levels (p < 0.001). In patients with ALT levels above 28 U/L (highest quartile), we observed an association between rs10401969-C and c-IMT measures of c-IMTmax and c-IMTmean-max (p = 0.018 and 0.021, respectively). In conclusion, NAFLD-associated SNPs do not associate with sub-clinical atherosclerosis measures. However, our results suggest a possible mediating function of impaired liver function on atherosclerosis development.
Luigi Castaldo; Federica Laguzzi; Rona J. Strawbridge; Damiano Baldassarre; Fabrizio Veglia; Lorenzo Vigo; Elena Tremoli; Ulf De Faire; Per Eriksson; Andries J. Smit; Jiri Aubrecht; Karin Leander; Matteo Pirro; Philippe Giral; Alberto Ritieni; Giovanni Di Minno; Anders Mälarstig; Bruna Gigante. Genetic Variants Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Do Not Associate with Measures of Sub-Clinical Atherosclerosis: Results from the IMPROVE Study. Genes 2020, 11, 1243 .
AMA StyleLuigi Castaldo, Federica Laguzzi, Rona J. Strawbridge, Damiano Baldassarre, Fabrizio Veglia, Lorenzo Vigo, Elena Tremoli, Ulf De Faire, Per Eriksson, Andries J. Smit, Jiri Aubrecht, Karin Leander, Matteo Pirro, Philippe Giral, Alberto Ritieni, Giovanni Di Minno, Anders Mälarstig, Bruna Gigante. Genetic Variants Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Do Not Associate with Measures of Sub-Clinical Atherosclerosis: Results from the IMPROVE Study. Genes. 2020; 11 (11):1243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Castaldo; Federica Laguzzi; Rona J. Strawbridge; Damiano Baldassarre; Fabrizio Veglia; Lorenzo Vigo; Elena Tremoli; Ulf De Faire; Per Eriksson; Andries J. Smit; Jiri Aubrecht; Karin Leander; Matteo Pirro; Philippe Giral; Alberto Ritieni; Giovanni Di Minno; Anders Mälarstig; Bruna Gigante. 2020. "Genetic Variants Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Do Not Associate with Measures of Sub-Clinical Atherosclerosis: Results from the IMPROVE Study." Genes 11, no. 11: 1243.
Red cabbage is a native vegetable of the Mediterranean region that represents one of the major sources of anthocyanins. The aim of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant capability and total polyphenol content (TPC) of a red cabbage extract and to compare acquired data with those from the same extract encapsulated in an acid-resistant capsule. The extract, which was qualitatively and quantitatively profiled by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis, contained a high content of anthocyanins and phenolic acids, whereas non-anthocyanin flavonoids were the less abundant compounds. An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion system was utilized to follow the extract’s metabolism in humans and to evaluate its colon bioaccessibility. Data obtained showed that during gastrointestinal digestion, the total polyphenol content of the extract digested in the acid-resistant capsule in the Pronase E stage resulted in a higher concentration value compared to the extract digested without the capsule. Reasonably, these results could be attributed to the metabolization process by human colonic microflora and to the genesis of metabolites with greater bioactivity and more beneficial effects. The use of red cabbage extract encapsulated in an acid-resistant capsule could improve the polyphenols’ bioaccessibility and be proposed as a red cabbage-based nutraceutical formulation for counteracting stress oxidative diseases.
Luana Izzo; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Severina Pacifico; Luigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Alberto Ritieni. Colon Bioaccessibility under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of a Red Cabbage Extract Chemically Profiled through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 955 .
AMA StyleLuana Izzo, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Severina Pacifico, Luigi Castaldo, Alfonso Narváez, Alberto Ritieni. Colon Bioaccessibility under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of a Red Cabbage Extract Chemically Profiled through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (10):955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuana Izzo; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Severina Pacifico; Luigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "Colon Bioaccessibility under In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of a Red Cabbage Extract Chemically Profiled through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS." Antioxidants 9, no. 10: 955.
Tree nuts have become popular snacks due to their attributed benefits in the health state. Nevertheless, their susceptibility to fungal contamination lead to the occurrence of potentially dangerous mycotoxins. Hence, the aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of mycotoxins in ready-to-eat almonds, walnuts, and pistachios from Italian markets. The most relevant mycotoxin found in almonds was α-zearalanol in 18% of samples (n = 17) ranging from 3.70 to 4.54 µg/kg. Walnut samples showed frequent contamination with alternariol, present in 53% of samples (n = 22) at levels from 0.29 to 1.65 µg/kg. Pistachios (n = 15) were the most contaminated commodity, with β-zearalenol as the most prevalent toxin present in 59% of samples ranging from 0.96 to 8.60 µg/kg. In the worst-case scenario, the exposure to zearalenone-derived forms accounted for 15.6% of the tolerable daily intake, whereas it meant 12.4% and 21.2% of the threshold of toxicological concern for alternariol and alternariol monomethyl-ether, respectively. The results highlighted the extensive presence of Alternaria toxins and zearalenone-derived forms, scarcely studied in ready-to-eat tree nut products, highlighting the necessity to include these mycotoxins in analytical methods to perform more realistic risk assessments.
Alfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Luigi Castaldo; Luana Izzo; Giulia Graziani; Alberto Ritieni. Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Mycotoxins in Ready-to-Eat Tree Nut Products through Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High Resolution Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2020, 10, 344 .
AMA StyleAlfonso Narváez, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Luigi Castaldo, Luana Izzo, Giulia Graziani, Alberto Ritieni. Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Mycotoxins in Ready-to-Eat Tree Nut Products through Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High Resolution Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites. 2020; 10 (9):344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Luigi Castaldo; Luana Izzo; Giulia Graziani; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Mycotoxins in Ready-to-Eat Tree Nut Products through Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High Resolution Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry." Metabolites 10, no. 9: 344.
Although hemp seed (HS) oil is characterized by more than 80% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a very high ω-6-to-ω-3 ratio is not a popular commodity. The aim of this work was to provide useful data about the bioactive components and cannabidiolic acid content in thirteen different commercial hemp seed oils. The investigated HS oils showed a good ω-6/ω-3 ratio, ranging from 1.71 to 2.27, massively differed in their chlorophylls (0.041–2.64 µg/g) and carotenoids contents (0.29–1.73 µg/g), as well as in total phenols (22.1–160.8 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g) and tocopherols (3.47–13.25 mg/100 g). Since the high content of PUFAs in HS oils, photo-oxidative stability was investigated by determining the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) assay and extinction coefficient K232 and K270 after the photo-oxidative test. The percentage of increase in K232 and K270 ranged from 1.2 to 8.5% and from 3.7 to 26.0%, respectively, indicating good oxidative stability, but TBARS showed a 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in oxidative behavior when compared to the initial values. Therefore, the diversity in bioactive compounds in HS oils, and their high nutritional value, suggest the need for a disciplinary booklet that well defines agronomic and post-harvest management conditions for achieving a good food objective.
Luana Izzo; Severina Pacifico; Simona Piccolella; Luigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Michela Grosso; Alberto Ritieni. Chemical Analysis of Minor Bioactive Components and Cannabidiolic Acid in Commercial Hemp Seed Oil. Molecules 2020, 25, 3710 .
AMA StyleLuana Izzo, Severina Pacifico, Simona Piccolella, Luigi Castaldo, Alfonso Narváez, Michela Grosso, Alberto Ritieni. Chemical Analysis of Minor Bioactive Components and Cannabidiolic Acid in Commercial Hemp Seed Oil. Molecules. 2020; 25 (16):3710.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuana Izzo; Severina Pacifico; Simona Piccolella; Luigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Michela Grosso; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "Chemical Analysis of Minor Bioactive Components and Cannabidiolic Acid in Commercial Hemp Seed Oil." Molecules 25, no. 16: 3710.
Fruit juices are common products in modern diets due to the supply of vegetal nutrients combined with its tastiness. Nevertheless, potential contaminants, such as mycotoxins and pesticides, can be present in commercial products due to a potential carry-over. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the presence of 14 Fusarium mycotoxins using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based extraction followed by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry in 21 pear juice samples from Italian markets. Up to nine different mycotoxins were detected, particularly an extensive presence of zearalenone (67%, n = 21, mean value = 0.88 ng/mL). Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins B, B1, A, and A1 were also detected. Additionally, 77 pesticide residues were tentatively identified through a retrospective analysis based on a mass spectral library. The prevalent presence of some non-approved pesticides, such as ethoxyquin (64%, n = 21) and triazophos (55%, n = 21), must be highlighted. The results obtained indicate an extensive contamination of marketed pear juice with undesirable compounds, and they should be taken into consideration when performing risk assessment studies.
Alfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Luana Izzo; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. Target Quantification and Semi-Target Screening of Undesirable Substances in Pear Juices Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2020, 9, 841 .
AMA StyleAlfonso Narváez, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Luana Izzo, Luigi Castaldo, Alberto Ritieni. Target Quantification and Semi-Target Screening of Undesirable Substances in Pear Juices Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Foods. 2020; 9 (7):841.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Luana Izzo; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "Target Quantification and Semi-Target Screening of Undesirable Substances in Pear Juices Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry." Foods 9, no. 7: 841.
In the Rural Development Plan (2014–2020), the European Commission encouraged the conversion and supported the maintenance of organic farming. Organic olive oil (bioEVOO) production involves the use of environmentally sustainable fertilizers and the recycling of olive pomace (Pom) and olive vegetation waters (VW) to reduce the environmental impact of these wastes. An ecofriendly way to recycle olive wastes is to reuse them to extract bioactive compounds. In this study, the total phenolic compounds content, their profile and dosage, the antioxidant action in oil, pomace, and vegetation water was evaluated when the Trichoderma harzianum M10 was used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Two spectrophotometric tests (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS)) evaluated the antioxidant potential of samples, a spectrophotometric method estimated total phenolic content, and an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)–Orbitrap method evaluated the phenolics profile. Our results showed that the biostimulation improved the antioxidant potential and the total concentration of phenolics in the bioEVOO and bio-pomace (bioPom) samples and mainly enhanced, among all classes of phenolic compounds, the production of the flavonoids and the secoiridoids. Moreover, they demonstrated the Trichoderma action in the mevalonate pathway to produce phenols for the first time. The decisive action of the Thricoderma on the production of phenolic compounds increases the economic value of the waste materials as a source of bioactive compounds useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
Irene Dini; Giulia Graziani; Francalisa Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Francesco Vinale; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 466 .
AMA StyleIrene Dini, Giulia Graziani, Francalisa Luisa Fedele, Andrea Sicari, Francesco Vinale, Luigi Castaldo, Alberto Ritieni. An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (6):466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Dini; Giulia Graziani; Francalisa Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Francesco Vinale; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing." Antioxidants 9, no. 6: 466.
Coffee silverskin (CS), the main by-product in the coffee industry, contains a vast number of human health-related compounds, which may justify its exploitation as a functional food ingredient. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the polyphenolic and alkaloid profile through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. The bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds and changes in the antioxidant activity during an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were also evaluated through spectrophotometric tests (TPC by Folin-Ciocalteu, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP), to elucidate their efficacy for future applications in the nutraceutical industry. Caffeoylquinic and feruloylquinic acids were the most representative polyphenols, with a mean concentration of 5.93 and 4.25 mg/g, respectively. Results showed a high content of caffeine in the analyzed CS extracts, with a mean value of 31.2 mg/g, meaning a two-fold increase when compared to coffee brews. Our findings highlighted that both the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of CS polyphenols significantly increased in each in vitro gastrointestinal digestion stage. In addition, the colon stage might constitute the main biological site of action of these antioxidant compounds. These results suggest that in vivo, the dietary polyphenols from CS might be metabolized by human colonic microflora, generating metabolites with a greater antioxidant activity, increasing their well-known beneficial effects.
Luigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Luana Izzo; Giulia Graziani; Alberto Ritieni. In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Coffee Silverskin Polyphenolic Extract and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Molecules 2020, 25, 2132 .
AMA StyleLuigi Castaldo, Alfonso Narváez, Luana Izzo, Giulia Graziani, Alberto Ritieni. In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Coffee Silverskin Polyphenolic Extract and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Molecules. 2020; 25 (9):2132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Luana Izzo; Giulia Graziani; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Coffee Silverskin Polyphenolic Extract and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS." Molecules 25, no. 9: 2132.
Olive trees are grown on five continents. Fertilization of fields, pest control management, olive leaves, olive pomaces, and olive mill wastewaters have a substantial environmental impact. It is possible to reduce this problem by using organic products to cultivate and decrease olive oil processing waste by recovering the bioactive molecules. In this work, the effects of biostimulation, with beneficial microbes belonging to the Trichoderma genera, and with Trichoderma secondary metabolites (6PP and the HA) were evaluated on the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive leaf samples to make them more commercially attractive as a source of phytochemicals useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Phenolics were identified and quantified by a spectrometer method using Q Exactive Orbitrap UHPLC-MS/MS (Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography). Antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically by the DPPH test. The use of Trichoderma strains, 6PP (6-Pentyl--Pyrone) and HA (Harzianic Acid), was demonstrated as an effective strategy to increase the leaves' economic value as a source of phytochemicals (flavonoids, lignans, and oleuropein) useful for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Irene Dini; Giulia Graziani; Francesca Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Francesco Vinale; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. Effects of Trichoderma Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 284 .
AMA StyleIrene Dini, Giulia Graziani, Francesca Luisa Fedele, Andrea Sicari, Francesco Vinale, Luigi Castaldo, Alberto Ritieni. Effects of Trichoderma Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (4):284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Dini; Giulia Graziani; Francesca Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Francesco Vinale; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "Effects of Trichoderma Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products." Antioxidants 9, no. 4: 284.
Cannabidiol (CBD) food supplements made of Cannabis sativa L. extracts have quickly become popular products due to their health-promoting effects. However, potential contaminants, such as mycotoxins and pesticides, can be coextracted during the manufacturing process and placed into the final product. Accordingly, a novel methodology using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was developed to quantify 16 mycotoxins produced by major C. sativa fungi, followed by a post-target screening of 283 pesticides based on a comprehensive spectral library. The validated procedure was applied to ten CBD-based products. Up to six different Fusarium mycotoxins were found in seven samples, the most prevalent being zearalenone (60%) and enniatin B1 (30%), both found at a maximum level of 11.6 ng/g. Co-occurrence was observed in four samples, including one with enniatin B1, enniatin A and enniatin A1. On the other hand, 46 different pesticides were detected after retrospective analysis. Ethoxyquin (50%), piperonyl butoxide (40%), simazine (30%) and cyanazine (30%) were the major residues found. These results highlight the necessity of monitoring contaminants in food supplements in order to ensure a safe consumption, even more considering the increase trend in their use. Furthermore, the developed procedure is proposed as a powerful analytical tool to evaluate the potential mycotoxin profile of these particular products.
Alfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Luigi Castaldo; Luana Izzo; Alberto Ritieni. Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Multi-Residue Analysis of Mycotoxins and Pesticides in Botanical Nutraceuticals. Toxins 2020, 12, 114 .
AMA StyleAlfonso Narváez, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Luigi Castaldo, Luana Izzo, Alberto Ritieni. Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Multi-Residue Analysis of Mycotoxins and Pesticides in Botanical Nutraceuticals. Toxins. 2020; 12 (2):114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Narváez; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Luigi Castaldo; Luana Izzo; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Multi-Residue Analysis of Mycotoxins and Pesticides in Botanical Nutraceuticals." Toxins 12, no. 2: 114.
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. Family Cannabaceae) contains a vast number of bioactive relevant compounds, namely polyphenols including flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenol amides, and lignanamides, well known for their therapeutic properties. Nowadays, many polyphenols-containing products made of herbal extracts are marketed, claiming to exert health-promoting effects. In this context, industrial hemp inflorescence may represent an innovative source of bioactive compounds to be used in nutraceutical formulations. The aim of this work was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the polyphenolic fraction contained in polar extracts of four different commercial cultivars (Kompoti, Tiborszallasi, Antal, and Carmagnola Cs) of hemp inflorescences through spectrophotometric (TPC, DPPH tests) and spectrometry measurement (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). Results highlighted a high content of cannflavin A and B in inflorescence analyzed samples, which appear to be cannabis-specific, with a mean value of 61.8 and 84.5 mg/kg, meaning a ten-to-hundred times increase compared to other parts of the plant. Among flavonols, quercetin-3-glucoside reached up to 285.9 mg/kg in the Carmagnola CS cultivar. Catechin and epicatechin were the most representative flavanols, with a mean concentration of 53.3 and 66.2 mg/kg, respectively, for all cultivars. Total polyphenolic content in inflorescence samples was quantified in the range of 10.51 to 52.58 mg GAE/g and free radical-scavenging included in the range from 27.5 to 77.6 mmol trolox/kg. Therefore, C. sativa inflorescence could be considered as a potential novel source of polyphenols intended for nutraceutical formulations.
Luana Izzo; Luigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Giulia Graziani; Anna Gaspari; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Alberto Ritieni. Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Molecules 2020, 25, 631 .
AMA StyleLuana Izzo, Luigi Castaldo, Alfonso Narváez, Giulia Graziani, Anna Gaspari, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Alberto Ritieni. Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Molecules. 2020; 25 (3):631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuana Izzo; Luigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Giulia Graziani; Anna Gaspari; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS." Molecules 25, no. 3: 631.
Wine is a popular alcoholic beverage that has been consumed for hundreds of years. Benefits from moderate alcohol consumption have been widely supported by the scientific literature and, in this line, red wine intake has been related to a lesser risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Experimental studies and meta-analyses have mainly attributed this outcome to the presence in red wine of a great variety of polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and anthocyanin. Resveratrol is considered the most effective wine compound with respect to the prevention of CHD because of its antioxidant properties. The mechanisms responsible for its putative cardioprotective effects would include changes in lipid profiles, reduction of insulin resistance, and decrease in oxidative stress of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The aim of this review is to summarize the accumulated evidence correlating moderate red wine consumption with prevention of CHD by focusing on the different mechanisms underlying this relationship. Furthermore, the chemistry of wine as well as chemical factors that influence the composition of the bioactive components of red wine are also discussed.
Luigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Luana Izzo; Giulia Graziani; Anna Gaspari; Giovanni Di Minno; Alberto Ritieni. Red Wine Consumption and Cardiovascular Health. Molecules 2019, 24, 3626 .
AMA StyleLuigi Castaldo, Alfonso Narváez, Luana Izzo, Giulia Graziani, Anna Gaspari, Giovanni Di Minno, Alberto Ritieni. Red Wine Consumption and Cardiovascular Health. Molecules. 2019; 24 (19):3626.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Castaldo; Alfonso Narváez; Luana Izzo; Giulia Graziani; Anna Gaspari; Giovanni Di Minno; Alberto Ritieni. 2019. "Red Wine Consumption and Cardiovascular Health." Molecules 24, no. 19: 3626.
A comprehensive strategy combining a quantitative method for 28 mycotoxins and a post-target screening for other 245 fungal and bacterial metabolites in dry pet food samples were developed using an acetonitrile-based extraction and an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) method. The proposed method showed satisfactory validation results according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Average recoveries from 72 to 108% were obtained for all studied mycotoxins, and the intra-/inter-day precision were below 9 and 14%, respectively. Results showed mycotoxin contamination in 99% of pet food samples (n = 89) at concentrations of up to hundreds µg/kg, with emerging Fusarium mycotoxins being the most commonly detected mycotoxins. All positive samples showed co-occurrence of mycotoxins with the simultaneous presence of up to 16 analytes per sample. In the retrospective screening, up to 54 fungal metabolites were tentatively identified being cyclopiazonic acid, paspalitrem A, fusaric acid, and macrosporin, the most commonly detected analytes.
Luigi Castaldo; Giulia Graziani; Anna Gaspari; Luana Izzo; Josefa Tolosa; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Alberto Ritieni. Target Analysis and Retrospective Screening of Multiple Mycotoxins in Pet Food Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Toxins 2019, 11, 434 .
AMA StyleLuigi Castaldo, Giulia Graziani, Anna Gaspari, Luana Izzo, Josefa Tolosa, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Alberto Ritieni. Target Analysis and Retrospective Screening of Multiple Mycotoxins in Pet Food Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Toxins. 2019; 11 (8):434.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Castaldo; Giulia Graziani; Anna Gaspari; Luana Izzo; Josefa Tolosa; Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Alberto Ritieni. 2019. "Target Analysis and Retrospective Screening of Multiple Mycotoxins in Pet Food Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS." Toxins 11, no. 8: 434.
Soy-based burgers, an option of meatless hamburger-style, are basically made with soy protein, wholegrains and veggies. However, some ingredients, such as cereals and soybean, are particularly susceptible to fungal contamination. Therefore, a fast and simple procedure for the simultaneous determination of isoflavones (n=12) and mycotoxins (n=21) in soy-based burgers was developed throughout an acetonitrile-based extraction and UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS determination for the first time. The procedure was properly validated in terms of linearity, accuracy (recovery range from 78 – 108%) and precision (RSD <12%), and the limits of quantitation obtained were at low ng/g range for all studied compounds. The developed method was applied to nineteen soy-based burger samples. Total isoflavones were quantified at a range from 0.40 to 6.39 mg/100g and daidzein was the most abundant aglycone. On the other hand, up to 10 different mycotoxins were found in 94.7% of samples being alternariol monomethyl ether and enniatins the most commonly found at levels of hundreds ng/g. Additionally, co-occurrence of mycotoxins was found in almost all contaminated samples with combinations of up to 6 mycotoxins per sample. These results highlight the importance of implementing analytical tools to control both health-promoting compounds and contaminants in foods particularly in susceptible population groups such as vegetarians.
Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Luigi Castaldo; Anna Gaspari; Giulia Graziani; Alberto Ritieni. Development of an UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS method for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and isoflavones in soy-based burgers. LWT 2018, 99, 34 -42.
AMA StyleYelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, Luigi Castaldo, Anna Gaspari, Giulia Graziani, Alberto Ritieni. Development of an UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS method for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and isoflavones in soy-based burgers. LWT. 2018; 99 ():34-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYelko Rodríguez-Carrasco; Luigi Castaldo; Anna Gaspari; Giulia Graziani; Alberto Ritieni. 2018. "Development of an UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS method for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and isoflavones in soy-based burgers." LWT 99, no. : 34-42.
In this paper, two freshwater microalgae (Tetradesmus obliquus and Botryococcus braunii), a marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and a photosynthetic cyanobacterium (Arthrospira maxima) were investigated for their ability to grow on liquid digestates (LDs). Three LDs were obtained from anaerobic digestion of different organic wastes: zootechnical (ZW LD), vegetable biomass (VW LD) and the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MW LD). All the strains showed the same growth performance on VW LD as on the respective standard media (SM), while ZW LD was efficient only for growth of T. obliquus and B. braunii. MW LD was the poorest growth medium for all the strains. Data on nutrient removal efficiency showed that A. maxima and T. obliquus made the best use of NH-N with removal values ranging between 98.9-99.8%, while P. tricornutum and B. braunii showed values of 79.0 and 88.5% respectively. Applying repeated batch cultivation in photobioreactors, the biochemical composition of A. maxima and T. obliquus biomass grown on ZW LD and VW LD, showed an increase of lipid, carbohydrates and ash in both microalgae. Biomass biochemical profiles suggest possible applications in feed, chemicals and energy sectors.
Marina Massa; Silvia Buono; Antonio Luca Langellotti; Luigi Castaldo; Anna Martello; Antonello Paduano; Raffaele Sacchi; Vincenzo Fogliano. Evaluation of anaerobic digestates from different feedstocks as growth media for Tetradesmus obliquus, Botryococcus braunii, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Arthrospira maxima. New Biotechnology 2017, 36, 8 -16.
AMA StyleMarina Massa, Silvia Buono, Antonio Luca Langellotti, Luigi Castaldo, Anna Martello, Antonello Paduano, Raffaele Sacchi, Vincenzo Fogliano. Evaluation of anaerobic digestates from different feedstocks as growth media for Tetradesmus obliquus, Botryococcus braunii, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Arthrospira maxima. New Biotechnology. 2017; 36 ():8-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Massa; Silvia Buono; Antonio Luca Langellotti; Luigi Castaldo; Anna Martello; Antonello Paduano; Raffaele Sacchi; Vincenzo Fogliano. 2017. "Evaluation of anaerobic digestates from different feedstocks as growth media for Tetradesmus obliquus, Botryococcus braunii, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Arthrospira maxima." New Biotechnology 36, no. : 8-16.