This work considers the application of a mathematical model using mixed-integer linear programming for the vehicle routing problem. The model aims at establishing the distribution routes departing from a distribution center to each customer in order to reduce the transport cost associated with these routes. The study considers the use of a fleet of different capacities in the distribution network, which presents the special characteristic of a star network and which must meet different efficiency criteria, such as the fulfillment of each customer’s demand, the vehicle carrying capacity, work schedule, and sustainable use of resources. The intention is to find the amount of equipment suitable to satisfy the demand, thus improving the level of customer service, optimizing the use of both human and economic resources in the distribution area, and leveraging maximum vehicle capacity usage. The MILP mixed-integer linear programming mathematical model of the case study is presented, as well as the corresponding numerical study.

Sphere packing consists of placing several spheres in a container without mutual overlapping. While packing into regular-shape containers is well explored, less attention is focused on containers with nonlinear boundaries, such as ellipsoids or paraboloids. Packing n-dimensional spheres into a minimum-height container bounded by a parabolic surface is formulated. The minimum allowable distances between spheres as well as between spheres and the container boundary are considered. A normalized Φ-function is used for analytical description of the containment constraints. A nonlinear programming model for the packing problem is provided. A solution algorithm based on the feasible directions approach and a decomposition technique is proposed. The computational results for problem instances with various space dimensions, different numbers of spheres and their radii, the minimal allowable distances and the parameters of the parabolic container are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.

Se contextualiza la importancia de las herramientas de manufactura esbelta mediante su aplicación para evaluar un proceso de fabricación de alarmar para disminuir sus costos y tener un menor número de retrabajos, scrap, y aumentar la calidad de los productos. En este estudio se recopila información de la situación problemática como indicadores actuales de scrap de un 0.49% y defectos un 36.2%, se diseña un plan de control para reducir significativamente el consumo de puntas de cautín, así como mantener las mejoras en otros indicadores de calidad. Los resultados del estudio muestran una disminución del consumo de puntas de cautín, alcanzando un 72% en el tipo de punta A y un 52% en el tipo B; teniendo un beneficio económicamente de 11,471.25 USD para finales del año. Se enfatiza la necesidad de mantener una comunicación efectiva y estrategias de gestión del talento humano para garantizar el éxito continuo de estas propuestas de mejora. Además, se descata la relevancia de Kaizen como un enfoque centrado en las personas y la estandarización de procesos, resaltando la participación activa de equipos multidisciplinarios en la implementación de estas prácticas para lograr mejoras sostenibles en los procesos de producción.

This paper addresses the problem of production scheduling under a practical approach, which seeks to find out what would be the product mix to ensure the company to obtain the most useful, also requires that these combinations of products obtained from quickly and efficiently contributing thus to achieve lower costs associated with production. A specific mathematical model based on integer linear programming applied specifically to the product mix is presented, as well as the results obtained from the practical problem from the use of the model in integer linear programming, the use of the software and considering the own conditions of the problem addressed here.

Possible actions to improve performance and job security in organizations emerge from work environment studies. The objective of this study was to generate prevention and/or control actions to reduce risk factors associated with lighting and noise. For its development, a questionnaire from the National Institute of Safety and Hygiene at Work (INSHT) was applied to establish the risk perception that workers have in relation to the lighting conditions in their workplace. Following this, Standards NOM025-STPS-2008 and NOM-011-STPS-2001 were applied, both related to Lighting and Noise Conditions in work centers respectively. As results, the levels of noise and lighting in different areas of the company were obtained, these levels were compared with what was stipulated in the Regulations and actions were generated with an orientation towards improving health, quality of life and increasing the efficiency of the workers.

El siguiente proyecto tiene como propósito medir el nivel de cultura ergonómica de una empresa manufacturera que se dedica a la elaboración de cables, fibra óptica, sistemas de cableados y servicio relacionados para el sector automotriz y sistemas de cable; para realizar dicho estudio se utilizó como herramienta el cuestionario de cultura ergonómica en centros de trabajo (CCE-T) y fue aplicado a una muestra de 26 personas entre supervisores y gerentes. Este cuestionario permitió medir el nivel de desarrollo de la cultura ergonómica en centros de trabajo, desde la óptica de los que supervisores y la alta dirección (gerentes) lo cual permitió obtener una percepción que tienen sobre el desarrollo y aplicación de la ergonomía en su empresa y poder tener una visión más amplia y poder obtener una retroalimentación para que la empresa pueda obtener un alto grado de cultura ergonómica. Por consiguiente, este instrumento se considera un elemento valioso como mecanismo de realimentación de procesos en salud colectiva y como herramienta diagnóstica.