Extraction is a separation technique for bioactive compounds from food samples that are used as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical, and food manufacturing industries. There is now an ever-increase demand for these bioactive compounds in different food products that encourage the development of new extraction techniques. Various novel thermal and non-thermal extraction techniques, i.e. microwave-assisted-extraction, ultrasound-assisted-extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, pulsed electric field assisted-extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction that have been intensively investigated. These advanced extraction techniques are more efficient in comparison to conventional methods in terms of solvent consumption, extraction time and energy cost. The efficiency of these extraction methods depends upon the input parameters and target bioactive compounds. This review discusses the application of these different extraction techniques, basic mechanisms and limiting factors for the extraction of bioactive compounds through different food matrix. This review also emphasises on cost-effectiveness, energy consumption, sustainability, advantages and disadvantages of these extraction techniques.

Improved awareness regarding diet and health linkages has motivated researchers to give more attention to the health perspectives of individual foods. During the previous two decades, the global dairy industry diverted its interest from simple processing of commodities to the value addition. A significant income is being earned in the dairy industry from specialty proteins. Pakistan ranked 3^rd in milk production worldwide and different milking animals e.g. cow, buffalo, goat and camel should be studied for their potential for generating new health-promoting diets and nutraceuticals foods. Bioactive proteins and peptides from having abundant applications including an antimicrobial food additive, dietary supplements, functional foods and nutraceuticals. Proteins from milk have a balanced composition of amino acids promising novel functional products. These also enhance the consistency and sensorial characteristics of various dairy products. Amongst, lactoferrin reveal bacteriostatic as well as bactericidal bustle against a variety of microorganisms. It binds iron thus depriving it required for growth like L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis. Lactoferrin executes as an alternative to antibiotics. It acts as a natural antimicrobial for bio preservation ranging from dairy, meat, seafood, beverages, bakery products, acne care, infant formulas, extending shelf life, ensuring safety and improving health by acting against life-threatening diseases like cancer, hepatitis, respiratory infections, and foodborne diseases in infants, children and adults etc. In the nutshell, the current review discusses the importance and safety perspectives of lactoferrin in the food industry as well as the health sector.

Thermal treatment can initiate the production of some undesirable compounds in foods during processing. Acrylamide is one among such compounds that is produced (in starch-rich foods) as a result of Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and free amino acids. Acrylamide has gained much attention owing to its wide occurrence, dietary exposure, and toxicity. Its formation mechanism and mitigation has been an area of interest for numerous researchers since its discovery in foods. Some reviews have already been published on acrylamide where its formation and mitigation has been discussed with reference to some specific group of foods and/or some specific mitigation technique. In others, the mitigation section does not cover all the aspects of acrylamide attenuation reported in the literature. The present paper provides the updated and comprehensive information on formation, occurrence, dietary exposure, toxicity, and mitigation of acrylamide in foods during processing.