Despite the challenges to develop school-based sustainable teacher training and development and the diverse demands to execute this type of teacher professionalism to achieve sustainable teacher development, this new trend seems indispensable both for Jordanian teacher education and many other similar world educational systems. The present qualitative study robustly relied on a set of self-reports developed by 12 doctoral students who took a teacher education course at the University of Jordan in the second semester, 2017. They self-reported on their perspectives on school-based teacher training in terms of its significance, requirements, challenges and possible solutions to develop this route to teacher training in a country which like several other educational systems worldwide was dominated by an academic theory-based route to teacher preparation and qualification. Their self-reports were analysed and their patterns concerning the reasons behind adherence to school-based teacher training and the facilities to promote it and the challenges for school based teacher training were collected and meticulously probed. The findings of the study noticeably advocate school-based teacher training as a major route to teacher training. The participants of the study obviously considered this training route a method to transfer training experience to the teachersí classroom instruction. Some recommendations were proposed calling for adopting this new training approach and conducting further research in this emerging paradigm.

Drug repurposing is a strategic endeavor that entails the identification of novel therapeutic applications for pharmaceuticals that are already available in the market. Despite the advantageous nature of implementing this particular strategy owing to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in reducing the time required for the drug discovery process, it is essential to bear in mind that there are various factors that must be meticulously considered and taken into account. Up to this point, there has been a noticeable absence of comprehensive analyses that shed light on the limitations of repurposing drugs. The primary aim of this review is to conduct a thorough illustration of the various challenges that arise when contemplating drug repurposing from a clinical perspective in three major fields—cardiovascular, cancer, and diabetes—and to further underscore the potential risks associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) when employing repurposed antibiotics for the treatment of noninfectious and infectious diseases. The process of developing repurposed medications necessitates the application of creativity and innovation in designing the development program, as the body of evidence may differ for each specific case. In order to effectively repurpose drugs, it is crucial to consider the clinical implications and potential drawbacks that may arise during this process. By comprehensively analyzing these challenges, we can attain a deeper comprehension of the intricacies involved in drug repurposing, which will ultimately lead to the development of more efficacious and safe therapeutic approaches.

Antibiotic pollution has become a serious concern due to the extensive use of antibiotics, their resistance to removal, and their detrimental effects on aquatic habitats and humans. Hence, developing an efficient antibiotic removal process for aqueous solutions has become vital. Amoxicillin (Amox) is one of the antibiotics that has been efficiently removed from an aqueous solution using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs). The current study synthesizes and utilizes hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a cost-effective adsorbent. Adsorbent dose, pH solution, initial Amox concentration, equilibrium time, and temperature are among the factors that have an evident impact on Amox antibiotic adsorption. The (200) mg dose, pH (5), temperature (25) °C, and time (120) min are shown to be the best-optimized values. The nonlinear Langmuir’s isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models with equilibrium capacities of 4.01 mg/g are highly compatible with the experimental adsorption data. The experimental parameters of the thermodynamic analysis show that the Amox antibiotic adsorption onto HAP NPs powder is spontaneous and exothermic.

This is a preliminary qualitative quantitative survey of the code-switching reasons, forms and attitudes as expressed by Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University language and translation female students. To achieve this purpose, seventy (70) students responded to an open questionnaire on the various reasons, forms of code-switching and attitudes towards code-switching during the summer semester, 2018. The results revealed that eminent among the reasons behind code-switching was the desire to speak two languages. As for the types of code-switching, these included, according to the participants, switches within the sentence (intrasentential CS), switches that occur at sentence boundary level (intersentential CS) between Arabic and English and switches at the beginning and at the end (Tag CS) of the sentence. As for the attitudes toward code-switching, these were mainly split between those who were positive towards code-switching to indicate, for instance, that the speaker is more knowledgeable and holds a higher educational qualification and rank and those who were negative towards this phenomenon. Also, the study pointed to those participants who expressed their admiration of their mother tongue having strong faith in its communicative potentiality. Other attitudes encompassed mixed attitudes towards code-switching and the need to restrict using code-switching to certain intercultural situations. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends that further in-depth studies are demanded to investigate the various variables that constitute this sociolinguistic behavior and how co-switching may be perceived by some as an avenue for further intercultural and global communication. Meanwhile, the pedagogical implications of CS need to be investigated.

This study attempted to evaluate Gilly Salmon’s Five-stage e-learning Model and its possible contribution to learning English language skills by surveying the related literature and obtaining perspectives of some EFL lecturers in Jordan during the 1st semester, 2018–2019. A convenient sample of twenty EFL lecturers participated in a semi-structured interview to reflect on the contribution of the five-stage model to English language instruction. The study revealed some strengths and drawbacks of the above model. While acknowledging the existence of several positive attributes of this model such as exhibiting coherence and being structural and developmental and featuring the engagement of learners via collaborative language learning, this model, according to some EFL specialists, demands further improvement to highlight, for instance, face-to-face mode of language instruction and to be more spiral and bi-directional. The study called for integrating assessment into the model to monitor learner’s learning progress. It also called for achieving independent language learning and enabling learners to transfer their learning beyond the model’s final stage of development. It was suggested that the above model should be modified to account more adequately for online English language learning.

For practical applications such as fuel cells, it is important to exploit electrocatalysis with high activity for methanol and glycerol oxidation. A platinum nanostructured electrode (PtNPs) is modified by gold adatoms and is created by application of a square wave potential regime to a tantalum surface electrode. In nanostructured platinum, the structure and the surface properties are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In acid and alkaline media, the CV and Chronoamperometric (CA) are studied to investigate the catalytic activity of the PtNPs nanoparticles for the electrooxidation of methanol and glycerol. The prepared nanostructured platinum on a tantalum electrode was allowed to balance an open circuit with a 1.0×10-3 M solution containing an Au ion. Consequently, the proximity of the irreversibly adsorbed Au-adatoms on the already described Pt-nanostructured electrode. In acidic and alkaline solutions, the electrocatalytically activities toward methanol and glycerol oxidation were evaluated and is found to strongly on the surface of the gold-modified PtNPs. The PtNPs modified by Au electrode system used direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and direct glycerol fuel cell (DGFC). The DMFC and DGFC are much higher than in acid output in alkaline. Comparison of the i-E curves of nanostructure platinum electrode with that of a platinum nanostructure electrode modified by Au under similar conditions for the letter, the charge under the peak (i-E curve) in the oxidation region was higher. Furthermore, rough chronoamperometric measurements confirmed the results. The results of showed that the electrocatalytic properties of the nanostructured prepared surface were enhanced by the inclusion of gold adatoms with a variable extent of advancement. The current peak (Ip) and the current chronoamperometric (ICA) of glycerol oxidation on the PtNPs electrode modified by Au in acid media (130 mA/cm2, 47 µA/cm2) were higher than those of the bare PtNPs electrode and in alkaline media (171 mA/cm2, 66 µA/cm2). The stronger catalytic behavior in alkaline media of the Au-PtNP electrode indicates its promising use in alkaline direct alcohol cells.