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Laura Gebhardt
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Transport Research, 12489 Berlin, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Considering the controversial discussion about the sustainability and usefulness of e-scooters, in this study, we analyzed the substitution potential of e-scooters, especially with regard to car trips. Based on data from the national mobility survey in Germany (Mobility in Germany, MiD 2017), we identified trips that could be covered purely by an e-scooter. Thereby, trip length, trip purposes, weather conditions, and other influencing factors were taken into account. Our analysis showed that, in Germany, 10–15% of the motorized individual transport (MIT) trips could be made by e-scooter. Accompanied by a literature analysis, we then critically reflected on the overall potential of e-scooters and formulated recommendations for urban and transport planning.

ACS Style

Laura Gebhardt; Christian Wolf; Robert Seiffert. “I’ll Take the E-Scooter Instead of My Car”—The Potential of E-Scooters as a Substitute for Car Trips in Germany. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7361 .

AMA Style

Laura Gebhardt, Christian Wolf, Robert Seiffert. “I’ll Take the E-Scooter Instead of My Car”—The Potential of E-Scooters as a Substitute for Car Trips in Germany. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Gebhardt; Christian Wolf; Robert Seiffert. 2021. "“I’ll Take the E-Scooter Instead of My Car”—The Potential of E-Scooters as a Substitute for Car Trips in Germany." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7361.

Standard article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Geographica Helvetica
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This paper is an empirical mixed-method study on car use in an urban context. It explores the questions: What mobility practices do people in the city display? What role does car use play in this context? What is the guiding, underlying logic behind personal car use? The findings help to understand mobility practices and their underlying logic. The central component is a user typology based on a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. The study aims to present an empirical description of mobility practices and the guiding logic of different mobility types in Berlin. The findings offer starting points for user-specific measures to encourage people to use new mobility concepts instead of their personal car.

ACS Style

Laura Gebhardt; Rebekka Oostendorp. Alles eine Frage der Logik?! Erkenntnisse einer Mixed-Method-Studie zur Pkw-Nutzung in Berlin. Geographica Helvetica 2021, 76, 115 -127.

AMA Style

Laura Gebhardt, Rebekka Oostendorp. Alles eine Frage der Logik?! Erkenntnisse einer Mixed-Method-Studie zur Pkw-Nutzung in Berlin. Geographica Helvetica. 2021; 76 (2):115-127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Gebhardt; Rebekka Oostendorp. 2021. "Alles eine Frage der Logik?! Erkenntnisse einer Mixed-Method-Studie zur Pkw-Nutzung in Berlin." Geographica Helvetica 76, no. 2: 115-127.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Sustainability research is frequently tasked with the development of concrete solutions that can be directly applied to socio-environmental problems as such this paper presents and discusses an inter- and transdisciplinary approach to developing and testing a mobility-on-demand-system in a “real world laboratory” set up in Schorndorf, Germany. This paper addresses the following questions: (1) How can stakeholders be involved in the research and development process and become co-designers? (2) What are the suitable ways of supporting and facilitating interdisciplinary exchange and joint work at different places? The main contribution of this paper is the description of a methodological approach. It thereby reflects on the process of inter- and transdisciplinary work in the development phase and pilot operation. In addition, a joint working document, a so called “Specification Book”, is utilized to facilitate teamwork and enable the exchange of scientific knowledge within the team. The experiences in the project are also reflected upon and specific recommendations are determined. The paper further reflects on the possibilities and challenges of the methodology and provides recommendations for its application. The originality of the paper lies in its description and reflection of a method that goes beyond the participation of users in the design phase of the project.

ACS Style

Laura Gebhardt; Mascha Brost; Alexandra König. An Inter- and Transdisciplinary Approach to Developing and Testing a New Sustainable Mobility System. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7223 .

AMA Style

Laura Gebhardt, Mascha Brost, Alexandra König. An Inter- and Transdisciplinary Approach to Developing and Testing a New Sustainable Mobility System. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Gebhardt; Mascha Brost; Alexandra König. 2019. "An Inter- and Transdisciplinary Approach to Developing and Testing a New Sustainable Mobility System." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7223.

Chapter
Published: 16 July 2019 in Transdisziplinär und transformativ forschen, Band 2
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Die „TraSy-Methode“ dient der transdisziplinären Entwicklung soziotechnischer Systeme mit potenziell zukünftigen Nutzer(inne)n und anderen lokalen Praxisakteuren. Sie sieht vier Phasen vor, in denen interdisziplinäre und transdisziplinäre Arbeit unterschiedlich gewichtet werden: (1) die interdisziplinäre Analyse des Handelns der potenziellen Nutzer(innen) des zu entwickelnden Systems, (2) die transdisziplinäre Identifikation von Nutzertypen und Nutzungsszenarien (d. h. potenzielle Nutzergruppen und Einsatzzwecke) im zukünftigen System, (3) die transdisziplinäre Generierung von Ideen und Konzepten für das System, (4) dessen experimentelle Erprobung und Evaluierung. Im Beitrag werden das Vorgehen für die Phasen 1-3 der „TraSy-Methode“ und die zwei Arbeitsdokumente, die das Vorgehen leiten und strukturieren, vorgestellt. Besonders geeignet ist die Methode, wenn es darum geht, Bedürfnisse unterschiedlicher Nutzer(innen) einer heterogenen Bevölkerung an ein neues soziotechnisches System zu explorieren, und wenn das notwendige Wissen für die Beschreibung der Nutzeranforderungen über verschiedene Praxisakteure verteilt ist.

ACS Style

Laura Gebhardt; Alexandra König. Die „TraSy-Methode“ – ein Vorgehen für die transdisziplinäre Entwicklung soziotechnischer Systeme. Transdisziplinär und transformativ forschen, Band 2 2019, 191 -236.

AMA Style

Laura Gebhardt, Alexandra König. Die „TraSy-Methode“ – ein Vorgehen für die transdisziplinäre Entwicklung soziotechnischer Systeme. Transdisziplinär und transformativ forschen, Band 2. 2019; ():191-236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Gebhardt; Alexandra König. 2019. "Die „TraSy-Methode“ – ein Vorgehen für die transdisziplinäre Entwicklung soziotechnischer Systeme." Transdisziplinär und transformativ forschen, Band 2 , no. : 191-236.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2019 in European Transport Research Review
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This paper aims to develop a user typology which enables user-specific analyses in respect of mobility behavior. It addresses the challenge of integrating unimodal and intermodal travel behavior into a user typology to obtain an overview of intermodal users within the context of their overall mobility behavior. The user typology is based on two cluster analyses (agglomerative hierarchical clustering) which use quantitative survey data on unimodal and intermodal mobility behavior obtained for Berlin, Germany. One cluster analysis was performed for unimodal use and one for intermodal mode use to take into account the users’ relatively low use of intermodal modes as well. The analyses resulted in 6 intermodal and 5 unimodal clusters based on users’ mobility behavior. Since in each case every individual is assigned to one intermodal and one unimodal cluster, the resulting intermodal and unimodal clusters were then combined in order to represent the overall mobility behavior of each individual as mobility types. The mobility types are further characterized by information on socio-demographics and mobility resources obtained from the dataset. These enhanced mobility types (EMT) provide a clearer impression of the users’ characteristics and needs. This user typology takes account of the wide range of mobility options available in cities today and the resulting diversity in people’s mobility behavior. To enable us to address the needs of users who combine several modes of transport within one trip, the proposed procedure approaches the challenge of integrating intermodal behavior into user types. The results provide a user typology which combines intermodal and unimodal travel behavior with personal characteristics and enable researchers and practitioners to work on user-specific research questions and planning tasks.

ACS Style

Rebekka Oostendorp; Simon Nieland; Laura Gebhardt. Developing a user typology considering unimodal and intermodal mobility behavior: a cluster analysis approach using survey data. European Transport Research Review 2019, 11, 33 .

AMA Style

Rebekka Oostendorp, Simon Nieland, Laura Gebhardt. Developing a user typology considering unimodal and intermodal mobility behavior: a cluster analysis approach using survey data. European Transport Research Review. 2019; 11 (1):33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebekka Oostendorp; Simon Nieland; Laura Gebhardt. 2019. "Developing a user typology considering unimodal and intermodal mobility behavior: a cluster analysis approach using survey data." European Transport Research Review 11, no. 1: 33.

Articles
Published: 09 January 2019 in Applied Mobilities
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Cities offer a wide range of different mobility options, including a dense public transport network and good conditions for walking and cycling. They provide good basic requirements for using and combining different modes of transport in people’s everyday mobility in a flexible, individual and situational way. In larger cities in particular, intermodal mobility plays a significant role and is being discussed as crucial to minimizing traffic congestion, emissions and the demand for parking space. Although a common practice, intermodal mobility has so far received little attention in empirical and theoretic mobility research. This contribution addresses this gap. It compares unimodal and intermodal travel modes, and discusses their effects on accessibility in cities. Using the city of Berlin, Germany, as example, it explores intermodal mobility practice to and the extent to which this relates to accessibility in cities compared to unimodal modes. Based on empirical survey data and calculations of spatial accessibility indicators, we present the performance of unimodal and intermodal travel modes using accessible locations and distance over time, and set them against the frequency of using the various modes of unimodal and intermodal travel. The combination of empirical and modeling data provides new insights into how accessibility measures based on structural data fit together from a user’s perspective and can complement each other. Based on this, we discuss further aspects of accessibility relevant for intermodality.

ACS Style

Rebekka Oostendorp; Daniel Krajzewicz; Laura Gebhardt; Dirk Heinrichs. Intermodal mobility in cities and its contribution to accessibility. Applied Mobilities 2019, 4, 183 -199.

AMA Style

Rebekka Oostendorp, Daniel Krajzewicz, Laura Gebhardt, Dirk Heinrichs. Intermodal mobility in cities and its contribution to accessibility. Applied Mobilities. 2019; 4 (2):183-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebekka Oostendorp; Daniel Krajzewicz; Laura Gebhardt; Dirk Heinrichs. 2019. "Intermodal mobility in cities and its contribution to accessibility." Applied Mobilities 4, no. 2: 183-199.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2018 in Journal of Transport Geography
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Intermodal travel behavior is becoming increasingly important, particularly in large cities. Using and combining different transport modes flexibly on a single trip is discussed as being crucial to a more efficient and sustainable urban transport system. However, research on intermodality has mainly addressed long-distance traffic or specific combinations. This study analyzes how intermodality is practiced in everyday mobility by looking at relevant mode combinations, trip purposes, spatial differentiation and the requirements of intermodal users. The article presents results on intermodal travel behavior from a survey conducted in different neighborhoods in Berlin in 2016 (n = 1098). The results show that many people use intermodal combinations in their everyday mobility. Intermodal travel behavior is significantly characterized by public transport modes and trips to work. Spatial differences in intermodal use become obvious with combinations of bike and public transport being strong in urban neighborhoods, car and public transport in decentralized neighborhoods and combinations of different means of public transport in well-connected neighborhoods. In addition, the study emphasizes that time efficiency is an important aspect for intermodal users, becoming apparent in the reasons they state for performing intermodal trips and their evaluation of interchanges. Intermodal travel behavior and users' needs must therefore be taken into account in urban planning if the aim is to make the most of intermodal combinations for an effective urban transport system.

ACS Style

Rebekka Oostendorp; Laura Gebhardt. Combining means of transport as a users' strategy to optimize traveling in an urban context: empirical results on intermodal travel behavior from a survey in Berlin. Journal of Transport Geography 2018, 71, 72 -83.

AMA Style

Rebekka Oostendorp, Laura Gebhardt. Combining means of transport as a users' strategy to optimize traveling in an urban context: empirical results on intermodal travel behavior from a survey in Berlin. Journal of Transport Geography. 2018; 71 ():72-83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebekka Oostendorp; Laura Gebhardt. 2018. "Combining means of transport as a users' strategy to optimize traveling in an urban context: empirical results on intermodal travel behavior from a survey in Berlin." Journal of Transport Geography 71, no. : 72-83.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Transportation Research Procedia
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Cities are growing nowadays and so is their citizens’ demand for mobility. On a global scale, motorized individual traffic is hardly capable of meeting this need due to its ownership costs and due to the lack of an accordingly large infrastructure. Besides, motorized individual traffic is responsible for the majority of today's traffic burdens, such as air pollution, traffic jams, noise, and accidents. It is thereby assumed that only a combination of soft transport modes and public and private modes of motorized transport with different capacities, time schedules, and operation times can achieve what is called “sustainable cities”. Besides the need for coordinated transport services, their cooperation must be assured to obtain seamless interchanges and consequently undisturbed, fast, and reliable travelling. Such a use of different transport modes within a single journey is called “intermodality” and is a work topic fostered in a national, European, and world-wide context. This report shows the initial results of the project “UrMo” (“Urban Mobility”) that is being performed at three institutes of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The report gives an introduction to the topic by evaluating how socio-demographics and space structure influence intermodal behavior. In addition to this, the subsequent project steps are outlined.

ACS Style

Laura Gebhardt; Daniel Krajzewicz; Rebekka Oostendorp; Mirko Goletz; Konstantin Greger; Matthias Klötzke; Peter Wagner; Dirk Heinrichs. Intermodal Urban Mobility: Users, Uses, and Use Cases. Transportation Research Procedia 2016, 14, 1183 -1192.

AMA Style

Laura Gebhardt, Daniel Krajzewicz, Rebekka Oostendorp, Mirko Goletz, Konstantin Greger, Matthias Klötzke, Peter Wagner, Dirk Heinrichs. Intermodal Urban Mobility: Users, Uses, and Use Cases. Transportation Research Procedia. 2016; 14 ():1183-1192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Gebhardt; Daniel Krajzewicz; Rebekka Oostendorp; Mirko Goletz; Konstantin Greger; Matthias Klötzke; Peter Wagner; Dirk Heinrichs. 2016. "Intermodal Urban Mobility: Users, Uses, and Use Cases." Transportation Research Procedia 14, no. : 1183-1192.