Malaria has posed a momentous health and economic burden to the Sub-Saharan African region. The Sub-Saharan African region accounts for more than 90% of global malaria-related mortality and morbidity. Pregnant women and children under 5 years old are the most vulnerable. Mosquitoes transmit the plasmodium which is the parasite responsible for malaria. The climatic conditions, poverty, and poor healthcare system of the Sub-Saharan African region are some factors fueling this menace. There have been concerted efforts to annihilate malaria but the scuffle has been a tedious one. Malarial eradication campaigns have been focused on mosquito control through the use of insecticide-treated bed nets, use of indoor insecticide sprays, and use of larvicides. The use of artemisinin in combination with other drugs has been effective to some extent. Despite the aforementioned strategies, the pervasiveness of malaria infection in the Sub-Saharan African region is worrisome. Thus, strengthening the already existing control measures, finding novel measures through intensive research, and embracing malaria vaccination could help accelerate the overcoming of this scuffle. In this review, we utilized relevant published data from various databases to reexamine the factors fueling malaria pervasiveness in this region and spelled out point-by-point intervention protocols to end malaria scuffle. Export

• Naringin inhibits and/or scavenge in vitro free radicals. • Exposure to cyclophosphamide (CYCP) invoked erythrocytotoxicity. • Erythrocytotoxicity was characterized by oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia. • LDH (a marker of anaerobic ATP generation) was also depleted. • Naringin pre-administered reversed the CYCP-induced erythrocytotoxicity.

This study investigated antioxidant status of animals given aqueous extract of Morinda morindoides leaves using the levels of reduced glutathione, total-thiol, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as malondialdehyde concentrations as indices, and its in vitro antioxidant capacity. Thirty rats divided into five groups were used. Group A served as control and were administered distilled water while groups B, C, D, and E were given 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg per kilogram body weight of water-extracted constituents of M. morindoides for 28 days. Total phenolic compounds amounted to 83.6 ± 5.9 mg g⁻¹ gallic acid equivalent, while total flavonoid content was 9.5 ± 0.9 mg g⁻¹ pyrocathecol equivalent. Malondialdehyde in plasma was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 21% in groups B and C to 84% in groups D and E. Vitamins C and E were significantly increased, in group E by 91% and 17% compared with control. Total thiols and glutathione in plasma were significantly increased, with group E having 2.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher values than control.

This investigation estimated the anti-oxidative potential of Aloe barbadensis gel extracts in rats against alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Thirty male albino rats (5 each per group) were included in the experiments. Group A (positive control) and B (negative control) were administered 4 mg.kg–1 body weight distilled water and 50 % alcohol respectively for 21 days. Groups C and D were administered 50 % alcohol for the first 14 days followed by co-administration of 125 mg and 250 mg.kg ⁻¹ body weight extract with alcohol respectively for the last 7 days. Groups E and F were administered distilled water for the first 14 days followed by co-administration of 125 and 250 mg.kg ⁻¹ body weight Aloe barbadensis gel extracts with distilled water respectively for the last 7 days. The administration of alcohol resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, while cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TAG), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were significantly increased when compared to the controls. Co-mobilization with Aloe barbadensis gel extracts for 7 days significantly reversed the deleterious effects of alcohol in the treated groups when compared to the alcohol group. This study indicated that Aloe barbadensis probably possesses anti-oxidative effects against alcohol–induced oxidative stress in rats.