The wide acceptability of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as the most efficient of all of the symmetric cryptographic techniques has further opened it up to more attacks. Efforts that were aimed at securing information while using AES is still being undermined by the activities of attackers This has further necessitated the need for researchers to come up with ways of enhancing the strength of AES. This article presents an enhanced AES algorithm that was achieved by modifying its SubBytes and ShiftRows transformations. The SubBytes transformation is modified to be round key dependent, while the ShiftRows transformation is randomized. The rationale behind the modification is to make the two transformations round key dependent, so that a single bit change in the key will produce a significant change in the cipher text. The conventional and modified AES algorithms are both implemented and evaluated in terms avalanche effect and execution time. The modified AES algorithm achieved an avalanche effect of 57.81% as compared to 50.78 recorded with the conventional AES. However, with 16, 32, 64, and 128 plain text bytes, the modified AES recorded an execution time of 0.18, 0.31, 0.46, and 0.59 ms, respectively. This is slightly higher than the results obtained with the conventional AES. Though a slightly higher execution time in milliseconds was recorded with the modified AES, the improved encryption and decryption strength via the avalanche effects measured is a desirable feat.

Structured Query Language (SQL) injection and cross-site scripting remain a major threat to data-driven web applications. Instances where hackers obtain unrestricted access to back-end database of web applications so as to steal, edit, and destroy confidential data are increasing. Therefore, measures must be put in place to curtail the growing threats of SQL injection and XSS attacks. This study presents a technique for detecting and preventing these threats using Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) string matching algorithm. The algorithm was used to match user’s input string with the stored pattern of the injection string in order to detect any malicious code. The implementation was carried out using PHP scripting language and Apache XAMPP Server. The security level of the technique was measured using different test cases of SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and encoded injection attacks. Results obtained revealed that the proposed technique was able to successfully detect and prevent the attacks, log the attack entry in the database, block the system using its mac address, and also generate a warning message. Therefore, the proposed technique proved to be more effective in detecting and preventing SQL injection and XSS attacks

Education is vital in any type of society for the conservation of lives of its associates and the preservation of the public formation. The rationale of this chapter is not only to reveal the role of technology in education but also to reveal the factors affecting the proper utilization and adoption of technology in education. Prior studies carried out by researchers confirm that technology utilization and adoption in education undeniably helps teachers and learners in the teaching and learning process. This chapter serves as a stepping stone to support teachers to do better in utilizing and adopting technology in education to a certain extent as an alternative of overlooking their thoughts, efforts and desires in blindly trying to vie with the swift change of technology in education in this epoch. Hence, this chapter discusses technology in education, the roles of technology in education, factors associated with technology utilization and adoption in education and the factors that limit the proper utilization and adoption of technology in education.

This study was carried out to identify the problems and prospects of the Internet of Things to the automobile industry in Nigeria. Two research questions were answered. The descriptive survey design was employed and the target population was made up of experts in Automobile Technology and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was subjected to face and content validation by five experts; 2 in Automobile Technology and 3 in Computer/ Cyber Security. Cronbach Alpha was used to determine the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire and it was found to be 0.87. The data collected from the respondents we r e analyzed using mean. The findings on the problems of IoT to the automobile industry in Nigeria include among others security, availability and stability of internet network service. The Findings related to the prospects of IoT in the automobile industry in Nigeria include among others, IoT connects and adds security to the vehicles, it also turns a vehicle into a hub of infotainment. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the government should provide financial support to strengthen data confidentiality, availability and stability of Internet network service.

Nigeria Data Protection Act (2023), subsequently referred to as just “The Act”, is a legislative framework introduced by the Nigeria Federal Government. It was designed to ensure individuals rights of privacy by governing the processing of personal data. Research has shown that the adoption and implementation level of the act among higher institutions lacks significant progress. This results in poor handling of personal data resulting to identity theft among others. The study is aimed to assess the of adoption, compliance, and implementation with the Act among higher institutions of learning in northeastern Nigeria. The study further investigated the extent to which these institutions have embraced and operationalized the act by evaluating the effectiveness of their policies, practices, and infrastructure in safeguarding sensitive information. Quantitative research technique was adopted by using questionnaires administered to the key stakeholders. Responses received were analysed using descriptive statistics and charts in Microsoft Excel from which the level awareness, understanding and compliance of the act was ascertained. Challenges faced by institutions in implementing the act were also uncovered. The findings of the research will significantly enhance the understanding the state of data protection practices within higher institutions in northeastern Nigeria. The outcomes can be used by policymakers, regulatory bodies, the institutions on areas of improvement, best practices, and potential interventions to enhance the overall data protection landscape. Additionally, the study may serve as a reference to other regions with similar contexts and challenges in implementing data protection legislation in their academic settings.