El acceso a los recursos digitales y el rendimiento académico (RA) son variables de gran interés en la sociedad actual. Sin embargo, hacen falta estudios que profundicen en la asociación entre ellos y la salud mental. Este estudio tiene como objetivo a) conocer si existen diferencias en el RA en función del acceso a los recursos digitales (móvil, ordenador, acceso a Internet y tiempo de conexión diario a Internet). b) Establecer perfiles de estudiantes según su RA y el acceso o no a dichos recursos digitales y, por último, analizar la relación de estos perfiles con la salud mental. Se seleccionó una muestra de 1448 alumnos españoles de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y de Bachillerato, de los que 708 eran hombres (48.90 %), con una edad media de 14.5 años (DT = 1.57). Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, se midieron las calificaciones en el curso anterior y se utilizó la escala SDQ para la medición de la salud mental. El RA se ve influenciado positivamente por el tiempo de conexión a Internet, acceso al ordenador, Internet y móvil. Sin embargo, las diferencias entre los alumnos con buen RA y un RA bajo no vienen asociados exclusivamente al acceso a los recursos digitales sino a la presencia de dificultades en salud mental. Los alumnos con bajo RA presentan mayores dificultades emocionales, hiperactividad, problemas de conducta y problemas con compañeros. Por último, parece que los problemas emocionales destacan exclusivamente en aquellos alumnos con bajo RA que disponen de recursos digitales por lo que podría ser la variable más relevante para futuras intervenciones educativas.

Metacognitive training (MCT) is a group intervention that addresses cognitive biases and distortions that could help maintain delusions and hallucinations in people with schizophrenia. This program has proven its effectiveness in reducing the symptoms, but its impact on cognitive insight has scarcely been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the program’s impact on cognitive insight in patients with long-term schizophrenia. A sample of 22 patients with schizophrenia was divided into two groups: one received 16 sessions of MCT (n = 11), while the other received the usual treatment (n = 11). They were assessed using the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale which measures two components, self-reflection and self-certainty, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The experimental group showed high levels of adherence, an increase in self-reflection, and a decrease in self-assurance levels as hypothesized. We found statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups in excitation, hostility, positive symptomatology total score, hallucinatory behavior, and suspicion. In the usual treatment group, a non-significant decrease in positive symptoms was also observed. The findings showed that the implementation of the MCT program in real clinical settings can contribute to an improvement in the metacognitive ability and symptomatology of people with schizophrenia.

Assessment of Social Skills of Students of Social Education //Evaluación de las habilidades sociales de estudiantes de Educación Social

The new technologies (NT) and Internet are now a part of our lives and they are even changing the way in which we relate to each other, in both a positive and a negative sense, especially among young people. One of the negative aspects is their use to harass others, a phenomenon known as Cyberbullying. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of cyberbullying, the characteristics of victims and aggressors in a sample of university students, and to analyze the relationships between the use of Internet and the presence of psychopathological symptomatology, as well as the differences in the psychopathological dimensions in relation to the intensity of the cyberbullying, cyberaggression and gender. The participants were 1108 university students selected using a randomized cluster sample. The results demonstrate the presence of cyberbullying in our participants. No differences were found with respect to gender in the frequency of being a victim; but differences were found in this respect in the case of the aggressors, as well as there being different symptomatology profiles in males and females and according to the intensity of the aggression. The results are discussed in relation to the differences according to gender, as well as the need to carry out longitudinal studies and to design prevention and intervention programs for university campuses that are sensitive to the differences between males and females.

An important area of study in bullying remains the analysis of the causes of the phenomenon and the factors that act as protective / risk in the cultural, social, personal, school and family. The family may be key protective factor or risk in the occurrence of school violence situations. With this study by discriminant analysis aims to determine the relationships between the different profiles of victimization and aggression dynamics involved in bullying and acceptance-rejection participants perceived their parents. The total sample consisted of 700 adolescent students, 43% female and 57% men with a mean age of 13.98. We have used the Cuestionario de Convivencia Escolar (Defensor del Pueblo, 2006) and Escala de Afecto versión hijos, EA-H (Bersabé, Fuentes y Motrico, 2001). Our results confirm that the victims would be characterized by greater affection and receive communication from their mothers. The attackers and attackers / victims to perceive rejection and criticism, especially from the father and little affection and communication of their mothers.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most internationally widely used questionnaire to measure mental health. The aim of this study is to analyze the discrimination cutoff of the questionnaire in Spanish population and the association between the Spanish children mental health and the variables gender, municipality size and health status in the last twelve months. The results of the Spanish National Health Survey-2006 were used with a selected sample of 6390 children between 4 and 15 years. Through discriminant analysis and ROC curves, we analyzed the cutoff score provide in the SDQ-parent with Spanish population and the measures of association are forecasted with respect to the independent variables. the cutoff equal to 20, used in the SDQ-parent with Spanish population, provided a sensitivity of 0,964 and a specificity of 0,945. The relationship between mental health and sex (OR 1,17) and municipality size (OR 0,85) gave not significant p-value (p>0,05). However, this relation get a significant p-value for the variable health situation in the last twelve months (OR 0,30; p<0,05). The cutoff score equal to 20 is adequate to discriminate the Spanish children mental health through the SDQ-parent version. The influence between health situation in the last year and mental health is accepted, compared to a lack of influence of gender and municipality size variables.