Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., family Solanaceae) represents one of the most cultivated horticultural crops worldwide, with over 5 million hectares of cultivated area and more than 182 million tons of tomato produced globally. Nevertheless, monoculture conditions, intensive selection, domestication throughout the last decades, international trade of infected propagating material and climate changes intensely favoured the establishment of many pathogens and the rapid spread of new diseases, allowing organisms to establish in new and unfavourable environments. Among different biotic agents, viruses are the most dangerous, because of their rapid diffusion and production losses. Here, we review an emerging viral threat to tomato production, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a new highly infectious tobamovirus that is currently causing great concern to tomato global production, especially in those areas where mitigation measures are absent or inadequate and which, in recent years, it has considerably increased its diffusion in new tomato cultivation areas. Through a review of all the existing literature, this article highlights the following aspects: (a) main characteristic of tomato species (origin, taxonomy and genome); (b) main diseases that undermine the tomato production, focusing on viral pathogens; (c) ToBRFV main characteristics (origin and spatiotemporal dispersal, taxonomy, genome organisation, host range and symptoms, transmission, spread and epidemiology, and genetic diversity); (d) detection methods developed and disease management; (e) breeding as a new weapon to control the ToBRFV diffusion. Moreover, future perspectives are highlighted, to understand the epidemiology key factors and the ToBRFV‐tomato pathosystem management, in order to develop effective and appropriate control strategies.

The family Tephritidae (Diptera) includes species that are highly invasive and harmful to crops. Due to globalization, international trade, and human displacement, their spread is continuously increasing. Unfortunately, the control of tephritid flies is still closely linked to the use of synthetic insecticides, which are responsible for detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Recently, research is looking for alternative and more eco-friendly tools to be adopted in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. In this regard, essential oils (EOs) and their main compounds represent a promising alternative to chemical insecticides. EOs are made up of phytoconstituents formed from the secondary metabolism of many plants and can act as attractants or toxics, depending on the dose. Because of this unique characteristic, EOs and their main constituents are promising tools that can be used both in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs and in the “lure and kill” technique, exploiting the attractiveness of the product in the former case and its toxicity in the latter. In this article, current knowledge on the biological and behavioral effects of EOs and their main constituents on tephritid fruit flies is reviewed, mainly focusing on species belonging to the Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, and Zeugodacus genera. The mechanisms of action of EOs, their real-world applications, and challenges related to their use in IPM are critically discussed.