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Background Liquid suspension culture efficiently proliferates plant cells and can be applied to ferns because it rapidly increases the fresh weight of gametophytes. This study assessed gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte production of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum using a suspension culture method. Results The growth curve linear phase of gametophyte cells was confirmed between 9 and 18 days of culture, and the subculture cycle was determined to be 2 weeks. A double-strength MS medium (fresh weight, 18.0 g) containing 2% sucrose and NH4 +:NO3 − (120 mM, 40:80) was found to be the optimal liquid medium. Gametophytes obtained after suspension culture for 18 days did not normally form sporophytes in an ex vitro soil environment. However, this issue was resolved after changing the culture type or extending the culture period to 6 weeks. A short suspension culture period increased the fresh weight of fragmented and homogenized gametophytes but yielded numerous relatively immature gametophytes (globular forms of branching gametophytes, BG). Furthermore, differences in gametophyte morphogenesis and development were indicated by changes in endogenous phytohormone content. BG with immature development exhibited high accumulation of zeatin, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, and relatively low levels of abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid. The immature development of gametophytes directly affected sporophyte formation. Conclusions This study maximized the advantages of liquid suspension culture using eastern bracken gametophytes and provides data to resolve any associated issues, thus facilitating efficient bracken production.
Bo-Kook Jang; Ju-Sung Cho; Shin-Ho Kang; Cheol Hee Lee. Culture types and period impact gametophyte morphogenesis and sporophyte formation of eastern bracken. Plant Methods 2021, 17, 1 -12.
AMA StyleBo-Kook Jang, Ju-Sung Cho, Shin-Ho Kang, Cheol Hee Lee. Culture types and period impact gametophyte morphogenesis and sporophyte formation of eastern bracken. Plant Methods. 2021; 17 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo-Kook Jang; Ju-Sung Cho; Shin-Ho Kang; Cheol Hee Lee. 2021. "Culture types and period impact gametophyte morphogenesis and sporophyte formation of eastern bracken." Plant Methods 17, no. 1: 1-12.
Desiccation conditions and storage temperature are crucial factors for the successful long-term storage of fern spores. This study aimed to determine the optimal desiccation conditions and storage temperatures for the long-term survival of eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) spores. The effect of different storage temperatures (25°C, 4°C, −20°C, −80°C, and −196°C for up to 48 weeks) on spore germination and sporophyte development was investigated in collected spores. The germination percentage remained constant in all spores, except in those stored at −20°C and 25°C. Spores stored at −20°C had the lowest germination percentage and were almost completely nonviable. The collected spores were desiccated for one week at various relative humidity (RH) levels equilibrated using saturated salt solutions. The water content was measured in desiccated spores, and the spores were stored in liquid nitrogen for up to 48 weeks. The water content of the spores desiccated at 15–55% RH was 5.0–5.4%, and their germination percentage remained constant with storage time. Desiccation at 94% RH increased the spore water content to 9.5% and decreased the germination percentage. The relatively high water content in spores was not suitable for their long-term storage. Long-term survival of the spores can be achieved by desiccating the spores at low RH to adjust the spore water content to 5% prior to their storage at low temperature.
Bo Kook Jang; Cheol Hee Lee. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the viability and longevity of eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) spores for long-term storage. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 288, 110362 .
AMA StyleBo Kook Jang, Cheol Hee Lee. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the viability and longevity of eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) spores for long-term storage. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 288 ():110362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo Kook Jang; Cheol Hee Lee. 2021. "Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the viability and longevity of eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) spores for long-term storage." Scientia Horticulturae 288, no. : 110362.
Selaginella tamariscina is a medicinal plant that contains a variety of plant secondary metabolites; however, it is currently being collected indiscriminately from its native habitats. Hence, we have developed an efficient propagation method for S. tamariscina. Explants grown in vitro were cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium of various strengths (1/16–2x), and the highest number of sporophytes (65.7) were obtained with 1/4x MS medium. Culturing explants at various lengths (3–12 mm) for 12 weeks indicated 12 mm as the most appropriate size for sporophyte propagation. We then evaluated various concentrations of individual components, sucrose (0–5%), total nitrogen (7.5–30 mM), nitrogen ratio (3:0–0:3), and agar (0.6–0.8%), in the 1/4x MS medium for explant growth for 12 weeks. The maximum number of sporophytes were formed in media containing 3% sucrose, 15 mM nitrogen, and 0.6% agar, with a nitrogen ratio of 1:2. The propagated S. tamariscina was then acclimatized in a controlled environment to improve survival in an external environment. These results demonstrate the effective conditions for in vitro mass propagation of S. tamariscina, finding that methods utilizing sporophytes were more efficient than conventional propagation methods and yielded numerous plants in a short period.
Kyungtae Park; Bo Jang; Ha Lee; Ju Cho; Cheol Lee. Effective Propagation of Selaginella tamariscina through Optimized Medium Composition. Agronomy 2021, 11, 578 .
AMA StyleKyungtae Park, Bo Jang, Ha Lee, Ju Cho, Cheol Lee. Effective Propagation of Selaginella tamariscina through Optimized Medium Composition. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):578.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyungtae Park; Bo Jang; Ha Lee; Ju Cho; Cheol Lee. 2021. "Effective Propagation of Selaginella tamariscina through Optimized Medium Composition." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 578.
This study proposed the production of gametophyte-derived synthetic seeds and a practical plug seedling method for eastern bracken. Synthetic seeds were produced by mixing fragmented gametophyte and alginate matrix. The gametophyte regenerated regardless of the syringe tip size and the injection molding type employed, to successfully form the sporophyte. The synthetic seeds were successfully stored short-term under cold storage (4 °C). The storage period influenced the percentage of sporophyte formation, which was 70.8% or more until day 7, but decreased to 56.9% or less after day 14 of storage. However, the storage period of 7 days is sufficient for short-distance transport. The development of gametophyte-derived synthetic seeds improves the logistics of transport and handling ferns, and it enables establishment of plug seedling cultivation.
Bo Kook Jang; Cheol Hee Lee. Synthetic seed production using eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) gametophyte: Effect of gametophyte density and short-term storage conditions. South African Journal of Botany 2021, 139, 267 -272.
AMA StyleBo Kook Jang, Cheol Hee Lee. Synthetic seed production using eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) gametophyte: Effect of gametophyte density and short-term storage conditions. South African Journal of Botany. 2021; 139 ():267-272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo Kook Jang; Cheol Hee Lee. 2021. "Synthetic seed production using eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) gametophyte: Effect of gametophyte density and short-term storage conditions." South African Journal of Botany 139, no. : 267-272.
Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. Heller) has long been grown industrially in South Korea. Conventional propagation methods, including planting rhizomes and in vitro seedling culture, are labor intensive and expensive, and thus not commercially suitable. We aimed to develop a system to produce synthetic seeds using fern spores (SFS). Synthetic seeds were prepared by mixing bracken spores and alginate matrix. Spore germination and gametophyte and sporophyte growth and development from SFS proceeded normally. Spore density affected gametophyte and sporophyte numbers. SFS prepared using cold (4 °C) long-term storage spores (even 7-year-old spores) could effectively form sporophytes. The highest germination was observed at 25 °C. Soaking-treated SFS successfully formed sporophytes, even after 30 days of storage at 4 °C; indeed, sporophytes formed even after five days of storage at 25 °C during transport conditions. SFS were sown in plug trays for commercial use. Young sporophytes grown from plug seedlings were greenhouse cultivated, and transplanting within eight weeks was effective for root growth and growing-point formation. Developing synthetic seeds is a feasible solution for facilitating efficient transport and the handling of small-sized fern spores; furthermore, this SFS technology provides the basis for fern seedling culture and fern spore industrialization.
Bo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. Synthetic Seed Technology Development and Production Studies for Storage, Transport, and Industrialization of Bracken Spores. Plants 2020, 9, 1079 .
AMA StyleBo Kook Jang, Ju Sung Cho, Cheol Hee Lee. Synthetic Seed Technology Development and Production Studies for Storage, Transport, and Industrialization of Bracken Spores. Plants. 2020; 9 (9):1079.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. 2020. "Synthetic Seed Technology Development and Production Studies for Storage, Transport, and Industrialization of Bracken Spores." Plants 9, no. 9: 1079.
Seeds with combinational dormancy have both physical (PY) and physiological (PD) dormancy. Chemical scarification and cold-moist stratification alleviate PY and PD, respectively. Therefore, we tested the effectiveness of mechanical scarification and cold-moist stratification for the release of combinational dormancy in Rhus javanica seeds to minimize the possibility of any internal damage and determine the optimal germination conditions. Mechanical scarification by a brushing machine and cold-moist stratification for 12 weeks weakened the pericarp and improved water absorption and percent germination. Prolonging mechanical scarification for up to 20 min further improved water absorption and percent germination; however, there was no significant difference in germination after 20 min (64.9%) and 40 min (63.1%) of mechanical scarification. The removal of blister-like structures in nontreated seeds by mechanical scarification enhanced water absorption. Further, cracks between the two inner pericarp cell-layers improved water absorption. Combined mechanical scarification (20 min) and cold-moist stratification (12 weeks) effectively broke combinational dormancy of R. javanica seeds and, therefore, comprise a suitable treatment for seed germination.
Ju Sung Cho; Bo Kook Jang; Cheol Hee Lee. Breaking combinational dormancy of Rhus javanica L. seeds in South Korea: Effect of mechanical scarification and cold-moist stratification. South African Journal of Botany 2020, 133, 174 -177.
AMA StyleJu Sung Cho, Bo Kook Jang, Cheol Hee Lee. Breaking combinational dormancy of Rhus javanica L. seeds in South Korea: Effect of mechanical scarification and cold-moist stratification. South African Journal of Botany. 2020; 133 ():174-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu Sung Cho; Bo Kook Jang; Cheol Hee Lee. 2020. "Breaking combinational dormancy of Rhus javanica L. seeds in South Korea: Effect of mechanical scarification and cold-moist stratification." South African Journal of Botany 133, no. : 174-177.
Selaginella martensii, an evergreen perennial fern that is native to South America and New Zealand, is named “frosty fern” because of its beautiful white-colored leaves and it is used as an ornamental plant. Efficient propagation methods for this species have not been developed. We aimed to develop an efficient propagation method for S. martensii through in vitro culture. We investigated culture conditions that are suitable for shoot-tip proliferation and growth. The optimum shoot-tip culture conditions were determined while using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (quarter, half, full, or double strength) and macronutrients (sucrose and two nitrogen sources) at various concentrations. In MS medium, the shoot tips formed a maximum of 6.77 nodes per explant, and each node formed two new shoot tips (i.e., 26 or 64 shoot tips). When using branching segments containing an angle meristem, the shoot-to-rhizophore formation ratio could be controlled by medium supplementation with plant-growth regulators. Sporophytes that were grown from shoot tips in vitro were acclimated in ex vitro soil conditions and successfully survived in the greenhouse. Numerous shoot tips could be obtained from in vitro-grown sporophytes and be proliferated ex vitro to produce a large number of plants. This method provides a way of shortening the time that is required for producing a large stock of S. martensii planting material.
Kyungtae Park; Bo Kook Jang; Ha Min Lee; Ju Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. An Efficient Method for In Vitro Shoot-Tip Culture and Sporophyte Production Using Selaginella martensii Spring Sporophyte. Plants 2020, 9, 235 .
AMA StyleKyungtae Park, Bo Kook Jang, Ha Min Lee, Ju Sung Cho, Cheol Hee Lee. An Efficient Method for In Vitro Shoot-Tip Culture and Sporophyte Production Using Selaginella martensii Spring Sporophyte. Plants. 2020; 9 (2):235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyungtae Park; Bo Kook Jang; Ha Min Lee; Ju Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. 2020. "An Efficient Method for In Vitro Shoot-Tip Culture and Sporophyte Production Using Selaginella martensii Spring Sporophyte." Plants 9, no. 2: 235.
Propagation of gametophytes and sporophytes using mechanical fragmentation has been considered a suitable method for mass production of ferns. This study aimed to develop a practical propagation method for Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl, which is a fern of significant ornamental and medicinal value. Gametophytes were obtained through in vitro spore germination and used for propagation experiments. The gametophyte was mechanically fragmented using a scalpel into small fragments, which were then used to investigate gametophyte proliferation. In addition, the gametophyte was fragmented using a blender and then used to study sporophyte formation. Optimal proliferation conditions of the gametophyte were determined using Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (double-, full-, half-, quarter-strength), Knop medium, and medium components (sucrose, nitrogen sources, activated charcoal), at various concentrations. The fresh weight of the gametophyte was 14-fold higher than that of gametophytes (300 mg) used as culture material, when cultured on double-strength MS. Moreover, 1 g of the gametophyte fragmented in 25 mL of distilled water formed more than 430 sporophytes in a soil mixture in an area of 7.5 cm2. The sporophytes were successfully cultivated in the greenhouse after acclimation. A large-scale production method for L. microphyllum that can be easily implemented in a fern production farm is outlined.
Bo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Kyungtae Park; Cheol Hee Lee. Practical methodology for gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte production in green penny fern (Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl) using mechanical fragmentation. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 2020, 56, 318 -324.
AMA StyleBo Kook Jang, Ju Sung Cho, Kyungtae Park, Cheol Hee Lee. Practical methodology for gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte production in green penny fern (Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl) using mechanical fragmentation. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal. 2020; 56 (3):318-324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Kyungtae Park; Cheol Hee Lee. 2020. "Practical methodology for gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte production in green penny fern (Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl) using mechanical fragmentation." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 56, no. 3: 318-324.
Information on the optimal conditions to promote the germination of Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara seeds is limited; consequently, this study was conducted to establish the requirements to break their dormancy and promote germination. The selected seeds were morphophysiologically dormant and had not begun embryo development. To study the dormancy breaking and embryo development processes, seeds were subjected to constant or changing temperature treatments during moist stratification. High temperature and humidity conditions resulted in vigorous embryo growth, with the longest embryos occurring after a month of incubation at 20 ℃. At 4 ℃, the seeds required incubation period of at least three months to germinate. Embryo growth and germination were greater with changing high and low temperatures than under a constant temperature, and changing temperatures also considerably changed the endogenous hormone levels, embryo development, and germination. Bioactive gibberellin (GA) content was higher in the seeds incubated at 20 ℃ for one month, then at 4 ℃ for two months. The content of endogenous abscisic acid in the seeds subjected to the same treatment decreased by 97.6 %, compared with that of the untreated seeds. Embryo growth and seed germination require changing high and low temperatures; however, exogenous GA3 could substitute for high temperatures, as it also causes accelerated germination. In this study, the seeds of L. spectabilis were identified as an intermediate simple type, a sub-level of morphophysiologically dormant seeds.
Ju Sung Cho; Bo Kook Jang; Seok Min Lee; In Jung Lee; Cheol Hee Lee. Factors affecting the dormancy and germination of bleeding heart [ Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara] seeds. Plant Biology 2020, 22, 514 -521.
AMA StyleJu Sung Cho, Bo Kook Jang, Seok Min Lee, In Jung Lee, Cheol Hee Lee. Factors affecting the dormancy and germination of bleeding heart [ Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara] seeds. Plant Biology. 2020; 22 (3):514-521.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu Sung Cho; Bo Kook Jang; Seok Min Lee; In Jung Lee; Cheol Hee Lee. 2020. "Factors affecting the dormancy and germination of bleeding heart [ Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara] seeds." Plant Biology 22, no. 3: 514-521.
Tissue culture methods using gametophytes are considered the easiest ways to mass-produce fern sporophytes. The aim of this study was to develop a practical propagation method for the ornamental fern, Athyrium sheareri. The gametophytes obtained from in vitro spore germination were used as experimental materials. We used the chopping method to investigate the culturing conditions for proliferating gametophytes and the blending method for evaluating the mass production of sporophytes in mixed soil. Gametophyte proliferation was determined via Knop medium, various concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (1, 1/2, 1/4), and media components (sucrose, nitrogen source, and activated charcoal). The fresh weight of the gametophytes increased by more than 24-fold in 1/2 MS medium. In addition, 1 g of gametophyte could produce a maximum of 255.3 sporophytes in a mixed soil of 7.5 cm2 area. Treating gametophytes with exogenous plant growth regulators promoted the formation and growth of sporophytes. The cultivated young sporophytes were acclimated and successfully grown in greenhouses. We developed a mass production protocol for A. sheareri sporophytes suitable for field application, which is expected to have commercial value.
Bo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Kyungtae Park; Cheol Hee Lee. A methodology for large-scale Athyrium sheareri gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte production using tissue culture. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 2019, 55, 519 -526.
AMA StyleBo Kook Jang, Ju Sung Cho, Kyungtae Park, Cheol Hee Lee. A methodology for large-scale Athyrium sheareri gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte production using tissue culture. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal. 2019; 55 (5):519-526.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Kyungtae Park; Cheol Hee Lee. 2019. "A methodology for large-scale Athyrium sheareri gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte production using tissue culture." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 55, no. 5: 519-526.
Cheilanthes argentea (S.G. Gmel.) Kunze is a highly valued indigenous/endemic Korean bracken species used for ornamental purposes. In this study, we developed a practical proliferation method for mass production of C. argentea plants using tissue culture. The gametophyte proliferation using the chopping method produced gametophytes that were morphologically identical to those obtained from in vitro spore germination. This new method increased plant fresh weight by more than 40-fold, from 300 mg to 12.7 g, in Murashige and Skoog medium. A blending method was used to produce 74.3 sporophytes in 7.5-cm2 plastic pots using 1 g of gametophytes. Furthermore, addition of exogenous gibberellin promoted sporophyte development and growth, suggesting the possibility of controlling the number of sporophytes formed. However, further studies are needed to explain the effect of exogenous gibberellin, which is closely related to the sex-determining hormone antheridiogen, on the number of sporophytes and its mechanism of action. Our new tissue culture system is capable of mass proliferation of C. argentea gametophytes in vitro and the formation of sporophytes by ex vitro preparation using the generated gametophytes.
Bo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. Propagation methods for gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte formation in silver cloak fern (Cheilanthes argentea). Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2019, 60, 435 -442.
AMA StyleBo Kook Jang, Ju Sung Cho, Cheol Hee Lee. Propagation methods for gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte formation in silver cloak fern (Cheilanthes argentea). Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2019; 60 (3):435-442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. 2019. "Propagation methods for gametophyte proliferation and sporophyte formation in silver cloak fern (Cheilanthes argentea)." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 60, no. 3: 435-442.
Dryopteris erythrosora (D. C. Eaton) Kuntze is used as an ornamental horticultural crop and landscaping plant, and it is a plant with high development value as an herbal medicine, but there are few studies to proliferate a large amount of plants. This study aimed to determine a suitable method for spore germination, gametophyte proliferation, sporophyte formation, and seedling production in D. erythrosora. Spore germination rate was highest in 1/2 × Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (92.8%). A suitable medium for prothallus proliferation was selected based on gametophytes produced from germinated spores. A 1 × MS medium was most effective for gametophyte proliferation and active organ formation; moreover, 1 × MS medium containing 1% sucrose without activated charcoal was the most effective growth condition for inducing gametophyte growth and development. The suitable culture soil composition for sporophyte formation was investigated by varying the ratio of horticultural substrate, peat moss, perlite, and decomposed granite. We found that a 2:1 (v:v) mixture of horticultural substrate and perlite accelerated sporophyte formation (155 units). Furthermore, suitable seedlings and transplants for sporophyte seedling growth were determined by varying the ratio of horticultural substrate and decomposed granite, as well as plug tray cell size. For sporophyte seedlings, the greatest growth in root length (92.9 mm) and the most aerial and underground fresh weight (234.1 and 40.3 g, respectively) were observed in a mixture of horticultural substrate and decomposed granite at a 1:2 (v:v) ratio. Our results using tissue culture technology will be provided as a mass production method for substantial industrialization of D. erythrosora plants.
Bo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Hyuk Joon Kwon; Cheol Hee Lee. Optimal conditions for spore germination and gametophyte and sporophyte production in the autumn fern Dryopteris erythrosora. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2018, 60, 115 -123.
AMA StyleBo Kook Jang, Ju Sung Cho, Hyuk Joon Kwon, Cheol Hee Lee. Optimal conditions for spore germination and gametophyte and sporophyte production in the autumn fern Dryopteris erythrosora. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2018; 60 (1):115-123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo Kook Jang; Ju Sung Cho; Hyuk Joon Kwon; Cheol Hee Lee. 2018. "Optimal conditions for spore germination and gametophyte and sporophyte production in the autumn fern Dryopteris erythrosora." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 60, no. 1: 115-123.
Cicuta virosa L. has significant medicinal, ecological, and research potential, however there is little research history about seed dormancy. We characterized morphological changes during the embryo maturation stages of C. virosa L. seeds to better understand its dormancy type and germination characteristics, which is necessary for optimizing seed propagation. In addition, water absorption measurements, germination tests, cold moist stratification, and GA3 or kinetin were used to determine dormancy and germination characteristics. C. virosa seed dormancy presents a morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) with an undeveloped embryo. Since cold moist stratification at 4 °C caused the embryo to develop and the radicle to break through seed coat, its dormancy was determined to be of a non-deep complex type. For dormancy-broken seeds, the optimal germination condition was incubation at 25 °C in the light, with a pretreatment of GA3 and kinetin. Indeed, GA3 improved the germination rate up to 90% regardless of its concentration, and kinetin at least doubled the germination rate of C. virosa seeds compared to that of the controls. Additionally, KNO3 improved germination rates by 50% with respect to that of the controls regardless of the concentration at which it was added. Our results indicate that C. virosa seeds have MPD and can be planted consistently en masse with cold stratification, GA3, kinetin, and KNO3 treatments. In particular, once the embryo has developed sufficiently, a combined administration of 500 mg L−1 GA3 and 20 mg L−1 kinetin was much more effective than either treatment alone; therefore, an appropriate method must be used based on the stage of embryo development.
Ju Sung Cho; Bo Kook Jang; Cheol Hee Lee. Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of the endangered species Cicuta virosa L. in South Korea. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2018, 59, 473 -481.
AMA StyleJu Sung Cho, Bo Kook Jang, Cheol Hee Lee. Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of the endangered species Cicuta virosa L. in South Korea. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2018; 59 (4):473-481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu Sung Cho; Bo Kook Jang; Cheol Hee Lee. 2018. "Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of the endangered species Cicuta virosa L. in South Korea." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 59, no. 4: 473-481.
Cornus kousa (kousa dogwood), used as a landscape tree and a source of food and medicine, is difficult to propagate from seeds owing to dormancy. The present study was conducted to develop an effective method of seed propagation and identify the seed dormancy type. Kousa dogwood seeds were classified as presenting physical dormancy (PY) and physiological dormancy (PD) from an immature embryo. Seeds were contained within an impermeable endocarp that conferred PY and had an undifferentiated embryo that grew and differentiated after scarification and cold moist stratification, leading to improved germination. To break PY + PD, four replicates of 50 seeds (3200 in total) for each treatment were prepared by scarification and cold moist stratification. These methods combined improved moisture absorption and germination more than either treatment alone. In particular, the addition of cold moist stratification treatment to scarified seeds could effectively induce embryo development. By contrast, untreated seeds showed low germination rate of less than 1% at 30 °C with continuous light. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different concentrations and durations was used to uniformly wound the endocarp of seeds. Treatment with 80% H2SO4 for 10 min resulted in the highest germination rate (68.6%) and moisture content (65.7%), which were higher than those following polishing with a brushing machine for 5–40 min. Longer treatment with high concentrations of H2SO4 (80 and 100%) caused the acid to infiltrate the seed and inhibit germination by damaging internal tissues, while low concentrations (40 and 60%) did not affect germination rates even after treatment for more than 10 min. To obtain maximum germination, concentration and treatment duration of sulfuric acid should be carefully controlled.
Ju Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. Effect of germination and water absorption on scarification and stratification of kousa dogwood seed. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2018, 59, 335 -344.
AMA StyleJu Sung Cho, Cheol Hee Lee. Effect of germination and water absorption on scarification and stratification of kousa dogwood seed. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2018; 59 (3):335-344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. 2018. "Effect of germination and water absorption on scarification and stratification of kousa dogwood seed." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 59, no. 3: 335-344.
Ju Sung Cho; Jeong Hak Jeong; Seok Min Lee; In Jung Lee; Cheol Hee Lee. Factors That Affect Seed Germination and Changes in Endogenous Gibberellins and Abscisic acid Concentrations in Mukdenia rossii (Oliv.) Koidz. korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology 2018, 36, 459 -469.
AMA StyleJu Sung Cho, Jeong Hak Jeong, Seok Min Lee, In Jung Lee, Cheol Hee Lee. Factors That Affect Seed Germination and Changes in Endogenous Gibberellins and Abscisic acid Concentrations in Mukdenia rossii (Oliv.) Koidz. korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology. 2018; 36 (4):459-469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu Sung Cho; Jeong Hak Jeong; Seok Min Lee; In Jung Lee; Cheol Hee Lee. 2018. "Factors That Affect Seed Germination and Changes in Endogenous Gibberellins and Abscisic acid Concentrations in Mukdenia rossii (Oliv.) Koidz." korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology 36, no. 4: 459-469.
Hyuk Joon Kwon; Ji Hyun Han; Cheol Hee Lee; Soo-Young Kim. Conditions of In Vitro Spore Germination and Prothallium Culture for Sporophyte propagation of Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 2017, 44, 454 -461.
AMA StyleHyuk Joon Kwon, Ji Hyun Han, Cheol Hee Lee, Soo-Young Kim. Conditions of In Vitro Spore Germination and Prothallium Culture for Sporophyte propagation of Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2017; 44 (4):454-461.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyuk Joon Kwon; Ji Hyun Han; Cheol Hee Lee; Soo-Young Kim. 2017. "Conditions of In Vitro Spore Germination and Prothallium Culture for Sporophyte propagation of Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 44, no. 4: 454-461.
Hyuk Joon Kwon; So Lim Shin; Cheol Hee Lee; Soo-Young Kim. Effect of explant parts and medium components on in vitro regeneration in Osmunda cinnamomea var. forkiensis. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 2017, 44, 448 -453.
AMA StyleHyuk Joon Kwon, So Lim Shin, Cheol Hee Lee, Soo-Young Kim. Effect of explant parts and medium components on in vitro regeneration in Osmunda cinnamomea var. forkiensis. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2017; 44 (4):448-453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyuk Joon Kwon; So Lim Shin; Cheol Hee Lee; Soo-Young Kim. 2017. "Effect of explant parts and medium components on in vitro regeneration in Osmunda cinnamomea var. forkiensis." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 44, no. 4: 448-453.
Effect of Mixed Planting Ratios of Pteris multifida Poir. and Artemisia princeps Pamp. on Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil Arsenic;Hyperaccumulator;Fern;Pteridophyta;Smeter; This study was performed to develop the efficient phytoremediation model in the paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals by cultivating Pteris multifida and Artemisia princeps with different mixing ratios (1:0, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1). As a result of investigating the heavy metal accumulation of each plant per dried material (1 kg), content of arsenic and cadmium was the highest in aerial part of P. multifida (169.82, $1.70mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$, each) among the treated group. Lead content was the highest ($12.58mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$) in the aerial part of P. multifida cultivated with 8:1 mixed planting. But the content of copper and zinc was the highest (33.94, $61.78mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$, each) in the aerial part of A. princeps with 8:1 treatment. Regardless of heavy metals, plant uptake from the $1m^2$ soil was the highest in 4:1 mixed planting group, which showed the best yield of A. princeps.
Hyuk Joon Kwon; Seon A Jeong; So Lim Shin; Cheol Hee Lee. Effect of Mixed Planting Ratios of Pteris multifida Poir. and Artemisia princeps Pamp. on Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil. Korean Journal of Plant Resources 2017, 30, 160 -166.
AMA StyleHyuk Joon Kwon, Seon A Jeong, So Lim Shin, Cheol Hee Lee. Effect of Mixed Planting Ratios of Pteris multifida Poir. and Artemisia princeps Pamp. on Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil. Korean Journal of Plant Resources. 2017; 30 (2):160-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyuk Joon Kwon; Seon A Jeong; So Lim Shin; Cheol Hee Lee. 2017. "Effect of Mixed Planting Ratios of Pteris multifida Poir. and Artemisia princeps Pamp. on Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil." Korean Journal of Plant Resources 30, no. 2: 160-166.
Ju Sung Cho; Ji Hyun Han; Cheol Hee Lee. Effects of Medium Components and Composition on Mass Propagation of Arachniodes aristata (G. Forst.) Tindale. korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology 2017, 35, 131 -141.
AMA StyleJu Sung Cho, Ji Hyun Han, Cheol Hee Lee. Effects of Medium Components and Composition on Mass Propagation of Arachniodes aristata (G. Forst.) Tindale. korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology. 2017; 35 (1):131-141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu Sung Cho; Ji Hyun Han; Cheol Hee Lee. 2017. "Effects of Medium Components and Composition on Mass Propagation of Arachniodes aristata (G. Forst.) Tindale." korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology 35, no. 1: 131-141.
Ju Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. Several Factors Affecting Mass Production of Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl Sporophytes. korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology 2017, 35, 46 -58.
AMA StyleJu Sung Cho, Cheol Hee Lee. Several Factors Affecting Mass Production of Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl Sporophytes. korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology. 2017; 35 (1):46-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu Sung Cho; Cheol Hee Lee. 2017. "Several Factors Affecting Mass Production of Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl Sporophytes." korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology 35, no. 1: 46-58.