This paper presents the design an study of a DSRC/sub-6 GHz Koch fractal antenna single, two and four elements integrated with metamaterial structures, are proposed for the C-V2X and IEEE 802.11p/V2X. The design of automotive antenna is a challenging task due to the degradation of the MIMO antenna performance because of mutual coupling and cause spectral regrowth. Initially, a single antenna exhibits very good performance at 5.9 GHz. Subsequently, two elements and four MIMO elements were designed and analyzed which are placed orthogonally at the corner of the substrate introducing a diversity polarization. Meanwhile, to overcome the mutual coupling effects and improve the isolation between the radiating elements, two new different shaped left-handed metamaterials based on broadside and electrically coupled square split-ring resonator (SRR) with negative permeability and negative permittivity are suggested and their reflection properties are analyzed. However, the performances of various MIMO antenna configurations are investigated before and after inserting the metamaterial structures to assess the potential enhancements achieved. Finally, a further investigation concentrates on the effects of these metamaterial structures on the MIMO antenna radiation pattern and surface current density. In summary, the study demonstrated through simulations and measurements that the suggested MIMO antenna configurations, with the integration of metamaterial structures, exhibit improved performance, achieving a mutual coupling of -45 dB and demonstrating good MIMO diversity attributes.

Computation of the broadband antenna impedance behavior requires the wideband lumped equivalent circuit. This work aims to provide a comprehensive study of broadband antenna equivalent circuit models over broad frequency ranges for Internet of Things (IoT) applications using multiple approaches. The first approach is a Foster approximation, which is based on the antenna-simulated scattering parameters and impedance data. The second concerns a vector-fitting fitting approximation, which is based on the antenna-simulated impedance/admittance data. The studied antenna is modeled based on the radiating element’s geometry and the multifractal slots, in addition to the DGS (Defected Ground Plane) effects. Applying these techniques, wideband lumped equivalent circuits of the antenna have been computed which are in good agreement with measurement data. These models could be useful for the enhancement of the performance of a broadband antenna and its systematic design as well as offering the advantage of saving computation time for full-wave simulations and facilitating the solution of problems that have both an electromagnetic part as well as a circuit part. For further analysis, the Gaussian pulse has been generated to drive a time-domain analysis of the current and power response waveforms antenna behavior under load.

Vehicle-to-everything communications (V2X), whose main objective is to improve security and efficiency, are provided by ad hoc vehicle networks that allow communication between vehicles. In the current study, a hexagonal microstrip patch antenna has been developed to cover the navigational frequencies, WiMAX at 3.7 GHz and DSRC/IEEE802.11p at 5.9 GHz to meet the demands of various vehicular applications. The antenna design is based on Cantor fractal slot, partial ground plane, and inset feed which is directly fed through the microstrip line. The proposed antenna shields the frequency band from 3.22 to 6.5 GHz with VSWR $\lt$ 2 within all the frequency bands. The presented antenna can resonate well in the 5.85–5.95 GHz band assigned for DSRC/IEEE802.11p and 3.7 GHz assigned for LTE/V2X. Simulated antenna gain varies from 3.06 to 5.25 dB within the operated frequency range providing an omnidirectional simulated radiation pattern in the most azimuth plane. To prove the validity of the simulation results, the chosen antenna structure has been fabricated and tested using a vector network analyzer MS2630. The measurement shows good results, which make the antenna suitable for wireless applications of interest.

Typical 3D integrated circuit structures based on through-silicon vias (TSVs) are complicated to study and analyze. Therefore, it seems important to find some methods to investigate them. In this paper, a method is proposed to model and compute the time-domain coupling noise in 3D Integrated Circuit (3D-IC) based on TSVs. It is based on the numerical inversion Laplace transform (NILT) method and the chain matrices. The method is validated using some experimental results and the Pspice and Matlab tools. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique and the noise is analyzed in several cases. It is found that TSV noise coupling is affected by different factors such as source characteristics, horizontal interconnections, and the type of Inputs and Outputs (I/O) drivers.

The power distribution network (PDN) is constituted by interconnection networks that connect voltage regulator module (VRM) through the printed circuit board (PCB) followed by the packaging paths until integrated circuit. The PDN of an electronic system can increase the noise due to the internal activity of the circuit. In fact, the miniaturization of the device can transmit the power supply noise to the integrated circuit and superposed with the useful signals. What affects the power and signal integrity. These phenomena reduce the operating speed and reliability of the circuit. In this paper we explore a method for calculating the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in a PDN, based on the approximation of the frequency domain impedance of PDN by rational functions and the vector fitting method. The simulation results in this, paper are verified by MATLAB and PSPICE tools.