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Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a crop that is able to accumulate metals. In this study, humic acid was selected as a Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn passivator, and added to calcareous field soil in amounts of 6.4, 10.3, and 14.8 kg·ha−1. Its impact on the soil fractions of the metals in the soil was extracted by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method, and their accumulation of the metals in tobacco leaves was investigated. Application of 14.8 kg·ha−1 humic acid decreased the DTPA-extracted concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by 39%, 37%, 29%, and 18%, respectively, as compared with untreated soil. The fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in soil were extracted by the BCR sequential extraction method, and the relationship between the difference metal fractions in the soil and the metal contents in the plant materials were analyzed. The exchangeable fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn and the reducible fractions of Pb and Cu are the main bioavailable fractions. Additionally, the reducible fractions of Cd and Zn, the oxidizable fractions of Pb, Cu, and Zn, and all residual fractions of metals were nonbioavailable fractions in the soil. The soils were treated with humic acid (HA) to shift bioavailable metals to stable phases that were less bioavailable. The available Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were strongly retained in the soil after the application of humic acid, which decreased the uptake in tobacco in the upper, middle, and lower leaves.
Qun Rong; Kai Zhong; He Huang; ChuanZhang Li; Chaolan Zhang; Xinyu Nong. Humic Acid Reduces the Available Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil and Their Uptake by Tobacco. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1077 .
AMA StyleQun Rong, Kai Zhong, He Huang, ChuanZhang Li, Chaolan Zhang, Xinyu Nong. Humic Acid Reduces the Available Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil and Their Uptake by Tobacco. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (3):1077.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQun Rong; Kai Zhong; He Huang; ChuanZhang Li; Chaolan Zhang; Xinyu Nong. 2020. "Humic Acid Reduces the Available Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil and Their Uptake by Tobacco." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3: 1077.
Excessive accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) poses a potential health risk to populations. Cd and As exhibit opposite geochemical behavior in paddy soil, using appropriate remediation materials to reduce their migration and inhibit their uptake by rice is a great challenge. A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of application of silkworm excrement biochar (BC) and ferrous sulfate (Fe(II)) on available Cd and As in paddy soils and their uptake by rice. Results showed that the application of BC + Fe significantly accelerated the tillering of rice plants, and the addition of BC alone to soil did not have a significant effect on the pH of soil, while applied 1% (w/w) BC and 1% (w/w) Fe(II) (1BC-1 Fe(II)) treatment could markedly reduce the soil pH. BC+Fe(II) could reduce the content of available Cd (reduced by 10%–23%) and As (reduced by 6%–33%) in soil. BC+Fe(II) has a distinct decreasing effect on the available As, thus inhibiting As uptake in rice tissues, and the effect was more obvious with an increasing mass ratio of Fe in BC+Fe(II) treatment. BC+Fe(II) decreased bioaccumulation factors (BF) of As compared to control and BC alone treatments. Compared with As, Cd was more readily transferred from the root to the shoot and accumulated in rice eventually. These findings provide a safe and reliable remediation strategy though application of BC+Fe(II) in Cd and As co-contaminated soil. However, the improvement effect of amendments should be paid a special attention on soil pH.
Qun Rong; Kai Zhong; Fangyuan Li; He Huang; ChuanZhang Li; Xinyu Nong; Chaolan Zhang. Combined Effect of Ferrous Ion and Biochar on Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Rice. Applied Sciences 2019, 10, 300 .
AMA StyleQun Rong, Kai Zhong, Fangyuan Li, He Huang, ChuanZhang Li, Xinyu Nong, Chaolan Zhang. Combined Effect of Ferrous Ion and Biochar on Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Rice. Applied Sciences. 2019; 10 (1):300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQun Rong; Kai Zhong; Fangyuan Li; He Huang; ChuanZhang Li; Xinyu Nong; Chaolan Zhang. 2019. "Combined Effect of Ferrous Ion and Biochar on Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Rice." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1: 300.
In this study, maize plant was cultured in soil contaminated with different levels of crude oil. The purpose was to investigate the change of soil properties, leaf physiological and chemical parameters, and phenanthrene content in the leaf. Results showed that soil water content significantly increased when the levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 3700–17,800 mg/kg in soil, and soil electrical conductivity significantly increased compared with the control. In maize leaf, stomatal length and density, as well as K and Na contents decreased in contaminated treatments compared with the control. Stomatal length has a significant positive correlation with K content in leaf (r = 0.92, p < 0.01), while stomatal density was negatively correlated to the crude oil level in soil (r = −0.91, p < 0.05). Accumulation of phenanthrene in maize leaf was mainly through the foliar uptake pathway. Phenanthrene concentrations of maize leaf in oil-treated soil were less than that of the control, which exhibited a significant positive relationship with stomatal length (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). This study demonstrated that the stomata structure of maize could be influenced by crude oil and thus possibly controlling the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerial tissues. Based on these results, controlling stomata movement will be beneficial to phytoremediation of contaminated soil.
Chaolan Zhang; He Huang; Yongxin Zhou; Haiying Lin; Tian Xie; Changjun Liao. Stomatal Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Crude Oil Contamination in Soils. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 4074 .
AMA StyleChaolan Zhang, He Huang, Yongxin Zhou, Haiying Lin, Tian Xie, Changjun Liao. Stomatal Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Crude Oil Contamination in Soils. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (19):4074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaolan Zhang; He Huang; Yongxin Zhou; Haiying Lin; Tian Xie; Changjun Liao. 2019. "Stomatal Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Crude Oil Contamination in Soils." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19: 4074.
A 56d incubation experiment was conducted to explore the effects of the silk-worm excrement biochar (500 °C, BC) combined with different iron-based materials (FeCl3, FeSO4, and reduced iron powder) on the speciation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in a contaminated soil. Application rate of BC and iron-based materials is 1% (W/W) and 0.2% (W/W) of the soil, respectively. At the same time, the soil physicochemical properties, such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the structure of soil, were determined in order to explore the influence mechanism of amendments to forms of Cd and Pb in soil. The results show that the stabilization effects on Cd is (BC + FeSO4) > (BC + FeCl3) > (BC + Fe) > (BC) and Pb is (BC + Fe) > (BC + FeSO4) > (BC + FeCl3) > (BC) at the end of incubation, compared with the effect of the control group. The treatment of (BC + FeSO4) is the most effective in terms of the stabilization of Cd and Pb, which makes the percentages of organic-bound and residual Cd and Pb increase by 40.90% and 23.51% respectively. In addition, with different ways of treatment, the pH value and CEC of soil see a remarkable increase by 1.65–2.01 units and 2.01–2.58 cmol·kg−1 respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the soil imprisons Cd and Pb in different mineral phases. As such the treatment of (BC + FeSO4) can significantly improve soil environment, increase soil pH value & CEC and exert a relatively good stabilization effect on both Cd and Pb.
Pengyang Bian; Jingjing Zhang; Chaolan Zhang; He Huang; Qun Rong; Haixia Wu; Xue Li; Mengmeng Xu; Yu Liu; Siwei Ren. Effects of Silk-worm Excrement Biochar Combined with Different Iron-Based Materials on the Speciation of Cadmium and Lead in Soil. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 1999 .
AMA StylePengyang Bian, Jingjing Zhang, Chaolan Zhang, He Huang, Qun Rong, Haixia Wu, Xue Li, Mengmeng Xu, Yu Liu, Siwei Ren. Effects of Silk-worm Excrement Biochar Combined with Different Iron-Based Materials on the Speciation of Cadmium and Lead in Soil. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (10):1999.
Chicago/Turabian StylePengyang Bian; Jingjing Zhang; Chaolan Zhang; He Huang; Qun Rong; Haixia Wu; Xue Li; Mengmeng Xu; Yu Liu; Siwei Ren. 2018. "Effects of Silk-worm Excrement Biochar Combined with Different Iron-Based Materials on the Speciation of Cadmium and Lead in Soil." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10: 1999.