The electrical, optical, thermal, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of a highly flexible transparent conductive electrode (HFTCE) coating based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) were investigated under various conditions. The motivation was to develop a highly durable and flexible film for transparent conductive electrode applications. The overall characteristics of multilayers based on rGO, CNTs and AgNWs were found to be much better than those of the single-layer AgNW coating. The rGO and CNT layers served to protect the AgNW layer from damage due to bending and contact sliding motions. The contact pressure and bending stress were effectively distributed by the CNT layer deposited on top of the AgNW layer due to its spring-like behavior. In addition, the shear force from the friction force was reduced by the rGO top layer, which acted as a solid lubricant. Furthermore, the excellent performance of an HFTCE heater based on the rGO/CNT/AgNW coating was demonstrated by the results of a defrosting test.

To develop flexible transparent electrodes, an ink fabricated with silver nanowires (AgNWs) was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate using a roll-to-roll slot die machine. The AgNW used in the manufacturing of the transparent electrode is a highly transparent conductive material that is very close to commercialization due to its low sheet resistance, low heat treatment temperature, and high transmittance. An AgNW ink was optimized for the slot die process, which was prepared using the optimized formulation with AgNWs, solvent, and dispersant. As a result, high-quality transparent conductive films were successfully manufactured with 32–94 Ω sq⁻¹ of sheet resistance, 1.3–3.2 of haze and 86.2–92% transmittance with a width of 300 mm. To verify the possibilities in optoelectronic applications, organic solar cells were fabricated with the AgNW mesh transparent electrode and showed a good performance of 7.65% efficiency, which was better than the result obtained using an indium tin oxide-based electrode.