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Only recently has noise been considered in the assessment of the sustainability of port infrastructures, after decades of unawareness. INTERREG Maritime projects unveiled problems that have been neglected so far, such as the lack of proper regulation and noise exposure assessments for citizens. While it is true that a port area includes a huge variety of possible noise sources, very few of them have been characterized from an acoustical point of view. INTERREG projects have boosted research in the field, and previous studies have dealt with noise produced by moving ships in ports. The present work starts from a previous measurement campaign used to obtain broadband and 1/3-octave-band noise emissions of moving ships, and it aims to explain their uncertainties. More than a month’s worth of continuous acoustic measurements and video recordings were deeply analyzed in order to obtain an input database that is as precise as possible. A multiple regression analysis was performed in order to understand the influence that parameters such as minimum distance, speed, and draught have on ships’ noise emissions, which were calculated using pass-by measurements, with a special focus on ferries. The minimum distance of each ship’s passage from the microphone was measured using a video recording with an innovative methodology, providing results with 3 m of uncertainty. Knowing which parameter is more influential would help in planning proper measurements for monitoring or for drafting correct guidelines. Draught was determined to be uninfluential in ferries’ noise emissions, while the minimum distance and speed relations were estimated and accounted for in the calculation of a refined sound power level. From a spectrum point of view, the frequencies from 500 Hz to 2.5 kHz were determined to be those that contributed the most to the noise produced by the transit of a ship, and they vary with speed. With the studied corrections, different ferry models resulted in similar noise emissions. The standard deviation of noise emitted was reduced by 0.5 dB (A), and the average was also improved by positioning the ships’ flow at the correct average minimum distance. Furthermore, the right placement of a source is also important in the acoustic mapping phase for a correct evaluation of the propagation of noise at a distance. The use of more precise input data is important for improving the output of acoustic propagation models during the assessment of port noise in the surrounding areas.
Marco Nastasi; Luca Fredianelli; Marco Bernardini; Luca Teti; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. Parameters Affecting Noise Emitted by Ships Moving in Port Areas. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8742 .
AMA StyleMarco Nastasi, Luca Fredianelli, Marco Bernardini, Luca Teti, Francesco Fidecaro, Gaetano Licitra. Parameters Affecting Noise Emitted by Ships Moving in Port Areas. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Nastasi; Luca Fredianelli; Marco Bernardini; Luca Teti; Francesco Fidecaro; Gaetano Licitra. 2020. "Parameters Affecting Noise Emitted by Ships Moving in Port Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8742.
Francesco Bianco; Luca Teti; Gaetano Licitra; Mauro Cerchiai. Loudspeaker FEM modelling: Characterisation of critical aspects in acoustic impedance measure through electrical impedance. Applied Acoustics 2017, 124, 20 -29.
AMA StyleFrancesco Bianco, Luca Teti, Gaetano Licitra, Mauro Cerchiai. Loudspeaker FEM modelling: Characterisation of critical aspects in acoustic impedance measure through electrical impedance. Applied Acoustics. 2017; 124 ():20-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Bianco; Luca Teti; Gaetano Licitra; Mauro Cerchiai. 2017. "Loudspeaker FEM modelling: Characterisation of critical aspects in acoustic impedance measure through electrical impedance." Applied Acoustics 124, no. : 20-29.
Gaetano Licitra; Luca Teti; Mauro Cerchiai; Francesco Bianco. The influence of tyres on the use of the CPX method for evaluating the effectiveness of a noise mitigation action based on low-noise road surfaces. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2017, 55, 217 -226.
AMA StyleGaetano Licitra, Luca Teti, Mauro Cerchiai, Francesco Bianco. The influence of tyres on the use of the CPX method for evaluating the effectiveness of a noise mitigation action based on low-noise road surfaces. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2017; 55 ():217-226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaetano Licitra; Luca Teti; Mauro Cerchiai; Francesco Bianco. 2017. "The influence of tyres on the use of the CPX method for evaluating the effectiveness of a noise mitigation action based on low-noise road surfaces." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 55, no. : 217-226.
The European Noise Directive 2002/49/EC requires to draw up noise action plans. Most of the implemented solutions consist in using barriers, even if some studies evidenced that annoyance could increase after their installation. This action dumps the high frequencies, decreasing the masking effect on low ones. Therefore, people annoyance and complaints may increase despite the mitigation. This can happen even in pedestrian zones near main roads due to the screening effect of first buildings row. In this paper, the authors analyze the post-operam screening effects in terms of low frequency noise. The difference between C- and A-weighted levels is calculated as annoyance indicator (LC-A). Different methods able to map noise with octave bands detail are tested in order to establish differences in the estimates of annoyance exposure. In particular, a comparison is carried out between data from interim method NMPB 96, its updated version 2008, NORD 2000 and those provided by a customized procedure through ISO 9613 propagation and Statistical Pass By measurements. Test sites are simulated in order to validate each model results through measurements. Results are discussed for real locations in Pisa city center and virtual scenarios in a rising scale of complexity.
Elena Ascari; Gaetano Licitra; Luca Teti; Mauro Cerchiai. Low frequency noise impact from road traffic according to different noise prediction methods. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 505, 658 -669.
AMA StyleElena Ascari, Gaetano Licitra, Luca Teti, Mauro Cerchiai. Low frequency noise impact from road traffic according to different noise prediction methods. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 505 ():658-669.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Ascari; Gaetano Licitra; Luca Teti; Mauro Cerchiai. 2015. "Low frequency noise impact from road traffic according to different noise prediction methods." Science of The Total Environment 505, no. : 658-669.
In almost all urban contexts and in many extra-urban conurbations, where road traffic is the main noise pollution source, the use of barriers is not allowed. In these cases, low-noise road surfaces are the most used mitigation action together with traffic flow reduction. Selecting the optimal surface is only the first problem that the public administration has to face. In the second place, it has to consider the issue of assessing the efficacy of the mitigation action. The purpose of the LEOPOLDO project was to improve the knowledge in the design and the characterization of low-noise road surfaces, producing guidelines helpful to the public administrations. Several experimental road surfaces were tested. Moreover, several measurement methods were implemented aiming to select those that are suitable for a correct assessment of the pavement performances laid as mitigation planning. In this paper, the experience gained in the LEOPOLDO project will be described, focusing on both the measurement methods adopted to assess the performance of a low-noise road surface and the criteria by which the experimental results have to be evaluated, presenting a comparison of the obtained results and their monitoring along time.
Gaetano Licitra; Mauro Cerchiai; Luca Teti; Elena Ascari; Francesco Bianco; Marco Chetoni. Performance Assessment of Low-Noise Road Surfaces in the Leopoldo Project: Comparison and Validation of Different Measurement Methods. Coatings 2015, 5, 3 -25.
AMA StyleGaetano Licitra, Mauro Cerchiai, Luca Teti, Elena Ascari, Francesco Bianco, Marco Chetoni. Performance Assessment of Low-Noise Road Surfaces in the Leopoldo Project: Comparison and Validation of Different Measurement Methods. Coatings. 2015; 5 (1):3-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaetano Licitra; Mauro Cerchiai; Luca Teti; Elena Ascari; Francesco Bianco; Marco Chetoni. 2015. "Performance Assessment of Low-Noise Road Surfaces in the Leopoldo Project: Comparison and Validation of Different Measurement Methods." Coatings 5, no. 1: 3-25.