The combined effects of nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂-N) and clove oil (CO) on the physico-chemical, biological and structural properties of chitosan (CH)/starch (ST) films were investigated by using a solvent casting method. Results indicated that the incorporation of TiO₂-N could improve the compactness of the film, increase the tensile strength (TS) and antioxidant activity, and decrease the water vapour permeability (WVP). As may be expected, the incorporation of CO into the film matrix decreased TS but increased the hydrophobicity as well as water vapour barrier antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data supported intermolecular interactions between TiO₂-N, CO and the film matrix. Use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that TiO₂-N and CO were well dispersed and emulsified in the film network. Thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves demonstrated that TiO₂-N and CO were well embedded in the film matrix, hence this blend film system could provide new formulation options for food packaging materials in the future.

Chitosan microspheres modified by 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde were prepared and used in the construction of a heterogeneous catalyst loaded with nano-Cu prepared by a reduction reaction. The chemical structure of the catalyst was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Under mild conditions, such as no ligand at room temperature, the catalyst was successfully applied to catalyze the borylation of α,β-unsaturated receptors in a water-methanol medium, yielding 17%–100% of the corresponding β-hydroxy product. Even after repeated use five times, the catalyst still exhibited excellent catalytic activity.