Currently, there are significant changes in industrial process control, intelligent building control and automation technologies under pressure to reduce operating costs and to integrate important advances in telecommunications and software. The software has become an essential factor in production and enterprise-wide systems. Internet connection has fundamentally changed the arrangements for monitoring and control, and the use of open/public standards and personal computer systems (PCs, tablets, smart phones) bring significant benefits to their users and producers. This led to the definition of Industry 4.0 that brings the concept of the Internet of Things in the industry. In this article, we want to present an Internet of Things architecture based on OPC.NET specifications which can be used in both industrial environments and smart building.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging concept that has revolutionized the use of new technologies in everyday life. The economic impact of IoT becoming very important, and it began to be used in the industrial environment under the name of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) concept, which is a sub-domain of IoT. The IIoT changes the way industrial processes are controlled and monitored, increasing operating efficiency. This article proposes a software architecture for IIoT that has a low degree of abstraction compared to the reference architectures presented in the literature. The architecture is organized on four-layer and it integrates the latest concepts related to fog and edge computing. These concepts are activated through the use of fog/edge/gateway nodes, where the processing of data acquired from things is performed and it is the place where things interact with each other in the virtual environment. The main contributions of this paper are the proposal and description of a complete IIoT software architecture, the use of a unified address space, and the use of the computing platform based on SoC (System on Chip) with specialized co-processors in order to be able to execute in real-time certain time-critical operations specific to the industrial environment.

Task switching, synchronization, and communication between processes are major problems for each real-time operating system. Software implementation of the specific mechanisms may lead to significant delays that can affect deadline requirements for some applications. This paper presents a hardware scheduler architecture integrated into the CPU structure that uses resource remapping techniques for the pipeline registers and for the CPU working registers. We present an original implementation of the hardware structure used for static and dynamic scheduling of the task, unitary management of events, access to architecture shared resources, event generation, and a method used for assigning interrupts to tasks that insures an efficient operation in the context of real-time control. One assembler instruction is used for simultaneous task synchronization with multiple event sources. This architecture allows a task switching time of one clock cycle (with a worst case scenario of three clock cycles for special instructions used for external memory accesses) and a response time of only 1.5 clock cycles for the events. Some mechanisms for improving program execution speed are also taken in consideration.

This paper provides the deep detailed information related to the importance of link-aware energy-efficient communication between sensor nodes working in the health care domain. Today, in the modern field of science and technology, wireless sensor networks are playing a vital role in real-life applications including medicine, health care, and disaster management. WBAN applications nowadays are successfully used in medical health care. WBAN application is classified into two subtypes which include wearable WBAN and implantable WBAN. For this reason, the patient health condition can be monitored anywhere and at any time. Mostly, the researchers, in the health care domain, are using latest communication standards including 3G, WiMax, Bluetooth, and Zigbee standards. In this paper, we had proposed an energy-efficient framework (M-DSDV-RMCP routing protocol) for WBAN. The proposed framework is based on the DSDV routing protocol based on the RMCP routing protocol.

Due to its very high potential, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept has been integrated in modern telemedicine systems. These systems enable real-time monitoring of patients at home, by using devices for acquiring various medical parameters or wearable devices that allow real-time monitoring of the medical signals. The data are transmitted to a medical specialist's office via the Internet and can be stored in cloud for further analysis. This article proposes an IoT architecture that can be used in healthcare for monitoring ECG signals independently acquired by the patient, using a mobile tele-electrocardiograph, without the help of a specialist. The main features of the mobile device are described, as well as how these features are integrated into the proposed IoT architecture. The article also tackles the security issues that may occur during the using of this system: integrity, confidentiality and authenticity

In automatic systems used in the control and monitoring of industrial processes, fieldbuses with specific real-time requirements are used. Often, the sensors are connected to these fieldbuses through embedded systems, which also have real-time features specific to the industrial environment in which it operates. The embedded operating systems are very important in the design and development of embedded systems. A distinct class of these operating systems is real-time operating systems (RTOSs) that can be used to develop embedded systems, which have hard and/or soft real-time requirements on small microcontrollers (MCUs). RTOSs offer the basic support for developing embedded systems with applicability in a wide range of fields such as data acquisition, internet of things, data compression, pattern recognition, diversity, similarity, symmetry, and so on. The RTOSs provide basic services for multitasking applications with deterministic behavior on MCUs. The services provided by the RTOSs are task management and inter-task synchronization and communication. The selection of the RTOS is very important in the development of the embedded system with real-time requirements and it must be based on the latency in the handling of the critical operations triggered by internal or external events, predictability/determinism in the execution of the RTOS primitives, license costs, and memory footprint. In this paper, we measured and compared the timing performance for synchronization throughout an event, semaphore, and mailbox for the following RTOSs: FreeRTOS 9.0.0, FreeRTOS 10.2.0, rt-thread, Keil RTX, uC/OS-II, and uC/OS-III. For the experimental tests, we developed test applications for two MCUs: ARM Cortex™-M4 and ARM Cortex™-M0+ based MCUs.