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W. Van Den Broeck
Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium

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Journal article
Published: 17 July 2021 in Microorganisms
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As the immune system is not fully developed during the larval stage, hatchery culture of bivalve larvae is characterized by frequent mass mortality caused by bacterial pathogens, especially Vibrio spp. However, the knowledge is limited to the pathogenesis of vibriosis in oyster larvae, while the immune response to pathogenic microorganisms in this early life stage is still far from being fully elucidated. In this study, we combined green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagging, histological and transcriptomic analyses to clarify the pathogenesis of experimental vibriosis and the mechanisms used by the host Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas larvae to resist infection. The Vibrio strains first colonized the digestive system and rapidly proliferated, while only the transcription level of IκB kinase (IKK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) associated with signaling transduction were up-regulated in oyster at 18 h post challenge (hpc). The mRNA levels for integrin β-1, peroxinectin, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which are associated with phagocytosis, cell adhesion, and cytoprotection, were not upregulated until 30 hpc when the necrosis already happened in the larval digestive system. This suggested that the immunity in the early stages of C. gigas is not strong enough to prevent vibriosis and future research may focus on the strengthening of the gastrointestinal immune ability to defend vibriosis in bivalve larvae.

ACS Style

Dongdong Wang; Alfredo Loor; Lobke Bels; Gilbert Stappen; Wim Broeck; Nancy Nevejan. Dynamic Immune Response to Vibriosis in Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Larvae during the Infection Process as Supported by Accurate Positioning of GFP-Tagged Vibrio Strains. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1523 .

AMA Style

Dongdong Wang, Alfredo Loor, Lobke Bels, Gilbert Stappen, Wim Broeck, Nancy Nevejan. Dynamic Immune Response to Vibriosis in Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Larvae during the Infection Process as Supported by Accurate Positioning of GFP-Tagged Vibrio Strains. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (7):1523.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dongdong Wang; Alfredo Loor; Lobke Bels; Gilbert Stappen; Wim Broeck; Nancy Nevejan. 2021. "Dynamic Immune Response to Vibriosis in Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Larvae during the Infection Process as Supported by Accurate Positioning of GFP-Tagged Vibrio Strains." Microorganisms 9, no. 7: 1523.

Original article
Published: 16 March 2021 in Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
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In contrast to other mammals, the large variation in dog sizes is not accompanied by any significant genetic re‐organization. In order to study the relationship between body mass, limb length and the functional anatomical muscle parameters of the canine hind limb, a large dataset comprising of muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and physiological cross‐sectional area's (PCSA) were acquired for twenty‐five muscles in ten dogs of sizes varying between 20 kg and 52 kg. The potential of body mass and limb length for reliably scaling individual muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and PCSA's were examined. For the majority of the muscles of the canine hind limb, neither body mass nor limb length were reliable scaling parameter for either muscle masses, PCSA's and optimal fibre length. These results indicate the need of a breed‐specific approach to musculoskeletal modelling in future canine musculoskeletal research.

ACS Style

Billy P. R. Dries; Ilse Jonkers; Wim Van Den Broeck; Benedicte Vanwanseele; Lieve DeRycke; Walter Dingemanse; Jos Vander Sloten; Henri Van Bree; Ingrid Gielen. Evaluation of functional muscle anatomy scalability in the canine hind limb. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 2021, 50, 637 -644.

AMA Style

Billy P. R. Dries, Ilse Jonkers, Wim Van Den Broeck, Benedicte Vanwanseele, Lieve DeRycke, Walter Dingemanse, Jos Vander Sloten, Henri Van Bree, Ingrid Gielen. Evaluation of functional muscle anatomy scalability in the canine hind limb. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 2021; 50 (3):637-644.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Billy P. R. Dries; Ilse Jonkers; Wim Van Den Broeck; Benedicte Vanwanseele; Lieve DeRycke; Walter Dingemanse; Jos Vander Sloten; Henri Van Bree; Ingrid Gielen. 2021. "Evaluation of functional muscle anatomy scalability in the canine hind limb." Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 50, no. 3: 637-644.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Toxins
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Citrinin (CIT) is a polyketide mycotoxin occurring in a variety of food and feedstuff, among which cereal grains are the most important contaminated source. Pigs and poultry are important livestock animals frequently exposed to mycotoxins, including CIT. Concerns are rising related to the toxic, and especially the potential nephrotoxic, properties of CIT. The purpose of this study was to clarify the histopathological effects on kidneys, liver, jejunum and duodenum of pigs, broiler chickens and laying hens receiving CIT contaminated feed. During 3 weeks, pigs (n = 16) were exposed to feed containing 1 mg CIT/kg feed or to control feed (n = 4), while 2 groups of broiler chickens and laying hens (n = 8 per group) received 0.1 mg CIT/kg feed (lower dose group) and 3 or 3.5 mg CIT/kg feed (higher dose group), respectively, or control feed (n = 4). CIT concentrations were quantified in plasma, kidneys, liver, muscle and eggs using a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. Kidneys, liver, duodenum and jejunum were evaluated histologically using light microscopy, while the kidneys were further examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histopathology did not reveal major abnormalities at the given contamination levels. However, a significant increase of swollen and degenerated mitochondria in renal cortical cells from all test groups were observed (p < 0.05). These observations could be related to oxidative stress, which is the major mechanism of CIT toxicity. Residues of CIT were detected in all collected tissues, except for muscle and egg white from layers in the lowest dose group, and egg white from layers in the highest dose group. CIT concentrations in plasma ranged between 0.1 (laying hens in lower dose group) and 20.8 ng/mL (pigs). In tissues, CIT concentrations ranged from 0.6 (muscle) to 20.3 µg/kg (liver) in pigs, while concentrations in chickens ranged from 0.1 (muscle) to 70.2 µg/kg (liver). Carry-over ratios from feed to edible tissues were between 0.1 and 2% in pigs, and between 0.1 and 6.9% in chickens, suggesting a low contribution of pig and poultry tissue-derived products towards the total dietary CIT intake for humans.

ACS Style

Celine Meerpoel; Arnau Vidal; Emmanuel K. Tangni; Bart Huybrechts; Liesbeth Couck; Riet De Rycke; Lobke De Bels; Sarah De Saeger; Wim Van Den Broeck; Mathias Devreese; Siska Croubels. A Study of Carry-Over and Histopathological Effects after Chronic Dietary Intake of Citrinin in Pigs, Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens. Toxins 2020, 12, 719 .

AMA Style

Celine Meerpoel, Arnau Vidal, Emmanuel K. Tangni, Bart Huybrechts, Liesbeth Couck, Riet De Rycke, Lobke De Bels, Sarah De Saeger, Wim Van Den Broeck, Mathias Devreese, Siska Croubels. A Study of Carry-Over and Histopathological Effects after Chronic Dietary Intake of Citrinin in Pigs, Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens. Toxins. 2020; 12 (11):719.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Celine Meerpoel; Arnau Vidal; Emmanuel K. Tangni; Bart Huybrechts; Liesbeth Couck; Riet De Rycke; Lobke De Bels; Sarah De Saeger; Wim Van Den Broeck; Mathias Devreese; Siska Croubels. 2020. "A Study of Carry-Over and Histopathological Effects after Chronic Dietary Intake of Citrinin in Pigs, Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens." Toxins 12, no. 11: 719.

Communication
Published: 22 April 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as one of the communication mechanisms amongst embryos. They are secreted into the embryo culture medium and, as such, represent a source of novel biomarkers for identifying the quality of cells and embryos. However, only small amounts of embryo-conditioned medium are available, which represents a challenge for EV enrichment. Our aim is to assess the suitability of different EV separation methods to retrieve EVs with high specificity and sufficient efficiency. Bovine embryo-conditioned medium was subjected to differential ultracentrifugation (DU), OptiPrepTM density gradient (ODG) centrifugation, and size exclusion chromatography. Separated EVs were characterized by complementary characterization methods, including Western blot, electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis, to assess the efficiency and specificity. OptiPrepTM density gradient centrifugation outperformed DU and SEC in terms of specificity by substantial removal of contaminating proteins such as ribonucleoprotein complexes (Argonaute-2 (AGO-2)) and lipoproteins (ApoA-I) from bovine embryo-derived EVs (density: 1.02–1.04, 1.20–1.23 g/mL, respectively). In conclusion, ODG centrifugation is the preferred method for identifying EV-enriched components and for improving our understanding of EV function in embryo quality and development.

ACS Style

Krishna Chaitanya Pavani; Xiaoyuan Lin; Joachim Hamacher; Wim Van Den Broeck; Liesbeth Couck; Luc Peelman; An Hendrix; Ann Van Soom. The Separation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Medium Conditioned by Bovine Embryos. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 2942 .

AMA Style

Krishna Chaitanya Pavani, Xiaoyuan Lin, Joachim Hamacher, Wim Van Den Broeck, Liesbeth Couck, Luc Peelman, An Hendrix, Ann Van Soom. The Separation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Medium Conditioned by Bovine Embryos. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (8):2942.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krishna Chaitanya Pavani; Xiaoyuan Lin; Joachim Hamacher; Wim Van Den Broeck; Liesbeth Couck; Luc Peelman; An Hendrix; Ann Van Soom. 2020. "The Separation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Medium Conditioned by Bovine Embryos." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8: 2942.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2020 in Viruses
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) have been reported to use aminopeptidase N (APN) as a cellular receptor. Recently, the role of APN as a receptor for PEDV has been questioned. In our study, the role of APN in PEDV and TGEV infections was studied in primary porcine enterocytes. After seven days of cultivation, 89% of enterocytes presented microvilli and showed a two- to five-fold higher susceptibility to PEDV and TGEV. A significant increase of PEDV and TGEV infection was correlated with a higher expression of APN, which was indicative that APN plays an important role in porcine coronavirus infections. However, PEDV and TGEV infected both APN positive and negative enterocytes. PEDV and TGEV Miller showed a higher infectivity in APN positive cells than in APN negative cells. In contrast, TGEV Purdue replicated better in APN negative cells. These results show that an additional receptor exists, different from APN for porcine coronaviruses. Subsequently, treatment of enterocytes with neuraminidase (NA) had no effect on infection efficiency of TGEV, implying that terminal cellular sialic acids (SAs) are no receptor determinants for TGEV. Treatment of TGEV with NA significantly enhanced the infection which shows that TGEV is masked by SAs.

ACS Style

Tingting Cui; Sebastiaan Theuns; Jiexiong Xie; Wim Van Den Broeck; Hans J. Nauwynck. Role of Porcine Aminopeptidase N and Sialic Acids in Porcine Coronavirus Infections in Primary Porcine Enterocytes. Viruses 2020, 12, 402 .

AMA Style

Tingting Cui, Sebastiaan Theuns, Jiexiong Xie, Wim Van Den Broeck, Hans J. Nauwynck. Role of Porcine Aminopeptidase N and Sialic Acids in Porcine Coronavirus Infections in Primary Porcine Enterocytes. Viruses. 2020; 12 (4):402.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tingting Cui; Sebastiaan Theuns; Jiexiong Xie; Wim Van Den Broeck; Hans J. Nauwynck. 2020. "Role of Porcine Aminopeptidase N and Sialic Acids in Porcine Coronavirus Infections in Primary Porcine Enterocytes." Viruses 12, no. 4: 402.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2019 in Toxins
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Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), a newly emergent farmed penaeid shrimp bacterial disease originally known as early mortality syndrome (EMS), is causing havoc in the shrimp industry. The causative agent of AHPND was found to be a specific strain of bacteria, e.g., Vibrio and Shewanella sps., that contains pVA1 plasmid (63–70 kb) encoding the binary PirAVP and PirBVP toxins. The PirABVP and toxins are the primary virulence factors of AHPND-causing bacteria that mediates AHPND and mortality in shrimp. Hence, in this study using a germ-free brine shrimp model system, we evaluated the PirABVP toxin-mediated infection process at cellular level, including toxin attachment and subsequent toxin-induced damage to the digestive tract. The results showed that, PirABVP toxin binds to epithelial cells of the digestive tract of brine shrimp larvae and produces characteristic symptoms of AHPND. In the PirABVP-challenged brine shrimp larvae, shedding or sloughing of enterocytes in the midgut and hindgut regions was regularly visualized, and the intestinal lumen was filled with moderately electron-dense cells of variable shapes and sizes. In addition, the observed cellular debris in the intestinal lumen of the digestive tract was found to be of epithelial cell origin. The detailed morphology of the digestive tract demonstrates further that the PirABVP toxin challenge produces focal to extensive necrosis and damages epithelial cells in the midgut and hindgut regions, resulting in pyknosis, cell vacuolisation, and mitochondrial and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) damage to different degrees. Taken together, our study provides substantial evidence that PirABVP toxins bind to the digestive tract of brine shrimp larvae and seem to be responsible for generating characteristic AHPND lesions and damaging enterocytes in the midgut and hindgut regions.

ACS Style

Vikash Kumar; Lobke De Bels; Liesbeth Couck; Kartik Baruah; Peter Bossier; Wim Van Den Broeck. PirABVP Toxin Binds to Epithelial Cells of the Digestive Tract and Produce Pathognomonic AHPND Lesions in Germ-Free Brine Shrimp. Toxins 2019, 11, 717 .

AMA Style

Vikash Kumar, Lobke De Bels, Liesbeth Couck, Kartik Baruah, Peter Bossier, Wim Van Den Broeck. PirABVP Toxin Binds to Epithelial Cells of the Digestive Tract and Produce Pathognomonic AHPND Lesions in Germ-Free Brine Shrimp. Toxins. 2019; 11 (12):717.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vikash Kumar; Lobke De Bels; Liesbeth Couck; Kartik Baruah; Peter Bossier; Wim Van Den Broeck. 2019. "PirABVP Toxin Binds to Epithelial Cells of the Digestive Tract and Produce Pathognomonic AHPND Lesions in Germ-Free Brine Shrimp." Toxins 11, no. 12: 717.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2019 in Vaccines
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To combat emerging infectious diseases like Zika virus (ZIKV), synthetic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding viral antigens are very attractive as they allow a rapid, generic, and flexible production of vaccines. In this work, we engineered a self-replicating mRNA (sr-mRNA) vaccine encoding the pre-membrane and envelope (prM-E) glycoproteins of ZIKV. Intradermal electroporation of as few as 1 µg of this mRNA-based ZIKV vaccine induced potent humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c and especially IFNAR1-/- C57BL/6 mice, resulting in a complete protection of the latter mice against ZIKV infection. In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the vaccine resulted in very low seroconversion rates and antibody titers. The potency of the vaccine was inversely related to the dose of mRNA used in wild-type BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, as robust type I interferon (IFN) response was determined in a reporter mice model (IFN-β+/Δβ-luc). We further investigated the inability of the sr-prM-E-mRNA ZIKV vaccine to raise antibodies in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and found indications that type I IFNs elicited by this naked sr-mRNA vaccine might directly impede the induction of a robust humoral response. Therefore, we assume that the efficacy of sr-mRNA vaccines after intradermal electroporation might be increased by strategies that temper their inherent innate immunogenicity.

ACS Style

Zifu Zhong; João Paulo Portela Catani; Séan Mc Cafferty; Liesbeth Couck; Wim Van Den Broeck; Nina Gorlé; Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke; Bert Devriendt; Sebastian Ulbert; Lieselotte Cnops; Johan Michels; Kevin K. Ariën; Niek N. Sanders. Immunogenicity and Protection Efficacy of a Naked Self-Replicating mRNA-Based Zika Virus Vaccine. Vaccines 2019, 7, 96 .

AMA Style

Zifu Zhong, João Paulo Portela Catani, Séan Mc Cafferty, Liesbeth Couck, Wim Van Den Broeck, Nina Gorlé, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Bert Devriendt, Sebastian Ulbert, Lieselotte Cnops, Johan Michels, Kevin K. Ariën, Niek N. Sanders. Immunogenicity and Protection Efficacy of a Naked Self-Replicating mRNA-Based Zika Virus Vaccine. Vaccines. 2019; 7 (3):96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zifu Zhong; João Paulo Portela Catani; Séan Mc Cafferty; Liesbeth Couck; Wim Van Den Broeck; Nina Gorlé; Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke; Bert Devriendt; Sebastian Ulbert; Lieselotte Cnops; Johan Michels; Kevin K. Ariën; Niek N. Sanders. 2019. "Immunogenicity and Protection Efficacy of a Naked Self-Replicating mRNA-Based Zika Virus Vaccine." Vaccines 7, no. 3: 96.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2018 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a possible role in cell–cell communication and are found in various body fluids and cell conditioned culture media. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize EVs in culture medium conditioned by bovine embryos in group and to verify if these EVs are functionally active. Initially, ultracentrifuged bovine serum albumin (BSA) containing medium was selected as suitable EV-free embryo culture medium. Next, EVs were isolated from embryo conditioned culture medium by OptiPrepTM density gradient ultracentrifugation. Isolated EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blotting, transmission, and immunoelectron microscopy. Bovine embryo-derived EVs were sizing between 25–230 nm with an average concentration of 236.5 ± 1.27 × 108 particles/mL. Moreover, PKH67 EV pre-labeling showed that embryo-secreted EVs were uptaken by zona-intact bovine embryos. Since BSA did not appear to be a contaminating EV source in culture medium, EV functionality was tested in BSA containing medium. Individual embryo culture in BSA medium enriched with EVs derived from conditioned embryo culture medium showed significantly higher blastocyst rates at day 7 and 8 together with a significantly lower apoptotic cell ratio. In conclusion, our study shows that EVs play an important role in inter embryo communication during bovine embryo culture in group.

ACS Style

Krishna Chaitanya Pavani; An Hendrix; Wim Van Den Broeck; Liesbeth Couck; Katarzyna Szymanska; Xiaoyuan Lin; Jenne De Koster; Ann Van Soom; Bart Leemans. Isolation and Characterization of Functionally Active Extracellular Vesicles from Culture Medium Conditioned by Bovine Embryos In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 20, 38 .

AMA Style

Krishna Chaitanya Pavani, An Hendrix, Wim Van Den Broeck, Liesbeth Couck, Katarzyna Szymanska, Xiaoyuan Lin, Jenne De Koster, Ann Van Soom, Bart Leemans. Isolation and Characterization of Functionally Active Extracellular Vesicles from Culture Medium Conditioned by Bovine Embryos In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 20 (1):38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krishna Chaitanya Pavani; An Hendrix; Wim Van Den Broeck; Liesbeth Couck; Katarzyna Szymanska; Xiaoyuan Lin; Jenne De Koster; Ann Van Soom; Bart Leemans. 2018. "Isolation and Characterization of Functionally Active Extracellular Vesicles from Culture Medium Conditioned by Bovine Embryos In Vitro." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1: 38.

Other
Published: 05 October 2018
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The type II secretion system (T2SS), a protein complex spanning the bacterial envelope, is pivotal to bacterial pathogenicity. Central to T2SS function is the extrusion of protein cargos from the periplasm into the extracellular environment mediated by a pseudopilus and motorized by a cytosolic ATPase. GspF, an inner-membrane component of T2SS has long been considered to be a key player in this process, yet the structural basis of its role had remained elusive. Here, we employed single-particle electron microscopy based on XcpS (GspF) from the T2SS of pathogenicP. aeruginosastabilized by a nanobody, to show that XcpS adopts a dimeric structure mediated by its transmembrane helices. This assembly matches in terms of overall organization and dimensions the basal inner-membrane cassette of a T2SS machinery. Thus, GspF is poised to serve as an adaptor involved in the mediation of propeller-like torque generated by the motor ATPase to the secretion pseudopilus.Non-technical author summaryAntibiotic resistance by bacteria imposes a worldwide threat that can only be overcome through a multi-front approach: preventive actions and the parallel development of novel molecular strategies to combat antibiotic resistance mechanisms. One such strategy might focus on antivirulence drugs that prevent host invasion and spreading by pathogenic bacteria, without shutting down essential functions related to bacterial survival. The rationale behind such an approach is that it might limit selective pressure leading to slower evolutionary rates of resistant bacterial strains. Bacterial secretion systems are an appropriate target for such therapeutic approaches as their impairment will inhibit the secretion of a multitude of virulence factors. This study focuses on the structural characterization of one of the proteins residing in the inner-membrane cassette of the type II secretion system (T2SS), a multi-protein complex in multiple opportunistic pathogens that secretes virulence factors. The targeted protein is essential for the assembly of the pseudopilus, a rod-like supramolecular structure that propels the secretion of virulence factors by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. Our study crucially complements growing evidence supporting a rotational assembly model of the pseudopilus and contributes to a better understanding of the functioning of the T2SS and the related secretion systems. We envisage that such knowledge will facilitate targeting of these systems for therapeutic purposes.

ACS Style

Wouter Van Putte; Tatjana De Vos; Wim Van Den Broeck; Henning Stahlberg; Misha Kudryashev; Savvas N. Savvides. Inner-membrane GspF of the bacterial type II secretion system is a dimeric adaptor mediating pseudopilus biogenesis. 2018, 435982 .

AMA Style

Wouter Van Putte, Tatjana De Vos, Wim Van Den Broeck, Henning Stahlberg, Misha Kudryashev, Savvas N. Savvides. Inner-membrane GspF of the bacterial type II secretion system is a dimeric adaptor mediating pseudopilus biogenesis. . 2018; ():435982.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wouter Van Putte; Tatjana De Vos; Wim Van Den Broeck; Henning Stahlberg; Misha Kudryashev; Savvas N. Savvides. 2018. "Inner-membrane GspF of the bacterial type II secretion system is a dimeric adaptor mediating pseudopilus biogenesis." , no. : 435982.

Journal article
Published: 13 September 2018 in Journal of Vascular Research
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Background/Aims: Intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is a dynamic process which contributes to vascular expansion and remodeling. Intraluminal pillars have long been the distinctive structural indicator of IA. However, the mechanism of their formation has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Using light and electron microscopy, we studied intussusceptive vascular growth in the developing porcine metanephric kidney. Results: We observed intraluminal pillars formed by endothelial cells in the vasculature of developing glomeruli. Their diameter was < 2.5 µm, consistent with the diameter of nascent pillars. TEM revealed that the majority of these pillars consisted only of endothelium. However, a central core of extracellular matrix (ECM) covered by endothelium, reminiscent of a more mature intussusceptive pillar, was also found in the lumen of a glomerular capillary. Perivascular cells or pericytes were not involved in the pillar structure during these stages of formation. Conclusion: This study shows ECM presence in a mature intussusceptive pillar without any perivascular cell involvement in the structure. This leads to the hypothesis that ECM deposition precedes the participation of these cells in the formation of intraluminal pillars during IA in porcine metanephric glomerular capillaries.

ACS Style

Anastasia Logothetidou; Ward De Spiegelaere; Tim Vandecasteele; Waltraud Tschulenk; Ingrid Walter; Wim Van Den Broeck; Pieter Cornillie. Intussusceptive Pillar Formation in Developing Porcine Glomeruli. Journal of Vascular Research 2018, 55, 278 -286.

AMA Style

Anastasia Logothetidou, Ward De Spiegelaere, Tim Vandecasteele, Waltraud Tschulenk, Ingrid Walter, Wim Van Den Broeck, Pieter Cornillie. Intussusceptive Pillar Formation in Developing Porcine Glomeruli. Journal of Vascular Research. 2018; 55 (5):278-286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anastasia Logothetidou; Ward De Spiegelaere; Tim Vandecasteele; Waltraud Tschulenk; Ingrid Walter; Wim Van Den Broeck; Pieter Cornillie. 2018. "Intussusceptive Pillar Formation in Developing Porcine Glomeruli." Journal of Vascular Research 55, no. 5: 278-286.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2018 in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
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Murine breast cancer models relying on intraductal tumor cell inoculations are attractive because they allow the study of breast cancer from early ductal carcinoma in situ to metastasis. Using a fully immunocompetent 4T1-based intraductal model for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) we aimed to investigate the immunological responses that guide such intraductal tumor progression, focusing on the prominent role of macrophages. Intraductal inoculations were performed in lactating female mice with luciferase-expressing 4T1 mammary tumor cells either with or without additional RAW264.7 macrophages, mimicking basal versus increased macrophage-tumor cell interactions in the ductal environment. Imaging of 4T1-derived luminescence was used to monitor primary tumor growth and metastases. Tumor proliferation, hypoxia, disruption of the ductal architecture and tumor immune populations were determined immunohistochemically. M1- (pro-inflammatory) and M2-related (anti-inflammatory) cytokine levels were determined by Luminex assays and ELISA to investigate the activation state of the macrophage inoculum. Levels of the metastatic proteins matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as of the immune-related disease biomarkers chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) were measured by ELISA to evaluate disease progression at the protein level. Mice intraductally co-injected with macrophages showed severe splenomegaly with faster ductal breakthrough of tumor cells and increased metastases in axillary lymph nodes and lungs. These mice showed higher M1-related cytokines in the early disease stages (at 1 to 3 weeks post-inoculation) due to the pro-inflammatory nature of RAW264.7 macrophages with increased Ly6G-positive neutrophils and decreased anti-inflammatory macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. However, upon metastasis (at 5 weeks post-inoculation), a prominent increase in M2-related cytokine levels was detected and established a tumor microenvironment with similar immune populations and cytokine responses as in mice which received only 4T1 tumor cells. The observed tumor-associated immune responses and the increased metastasis were associated with significantly induced local and systemic levels of MMP-9, VEGF, CHI3L1 and LCN2. The current experimental study with an innovative immunocompetent intraductal model for TNBC pinpoints towards a metastasis-supporting M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in the mammary ducts mediated by 4T1-derived signaling. We propose to explore this process as immunotherapeutic target.

ACS Style

Jonas Steenbrugge; Koen Breyne; Kristel Demeyere; Olivier De Wever; Niek N. Sanders; Wim Van Den Broeck; Cecile Colpaert; Peter Vermeulen; Steven Van Laere; Evelyne Meyer. Anti-inflammatory signaling by mammary tumor cells mediates prometastatic macrophage polarization in an innovative intraductal mouse model for triple-negative breast cancer. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018, 37, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Jonas Steenbrugge, Koen Breyne, Kristel Demeyere, Olivier De Wever, Niek N. Sanders, Wim Van Den Broeck, Cecile Colpaert, Peter Vermeulen, Steven Van Laere, Evelyne Meyer. Anti-inflammatory signaling by mammary tumor cells mediates prometastatic macrophage polarization in an innovative intraductal mouse model for triple-negative breast cancer. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 2018; 37 (1):1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonas Steenbrugge; Koen Breyne; Kristel Demeyere; Olivier De Wever; Niek N. Sanders; Wim Van Den Broeck; Cecile Colpaert; Peter Vermeulen; Steven Van Laere; Evelyne Meyer. 2018. "Anti-inflammatory signaling by mammary tumor cells mediates prometastatic macrophage polarization in an innovative intraductal mouse model for triple-negative breast cancer." Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 37, no. 1: 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Aquaculture
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Effects of live and dry feeds on intestinal morphology and growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, larvae (Burchell, 1822) were investigated from 2 days post hatching (dph) to 6 dph and 11 dph, respectively. Feeding trials were carried out at Fleuren and Nooijen hatchery, Netherlands, in glass tanks connected to a RAS system. Five test diets (Artemia nauplii combined with dry feed (A), decapsulated Artemia cysts combined with dry feed (B), Artemia nauplii only (C), decapsulated Artemia cysts only (D) and commercial dry feed (E)) were assigned randomly in triplicate. The proportion of live feed in the combined diets was gradually reduced until 6 dph. Thereafter, all treatments were fed on the dry feed. Histological parameters were analysed in the proximal, middle and distal part of the intestine using standard H and E staining methods. At the end of the experiment, final wet weight (17.90 ± 0.38 mg) and specific growth rate (SGR) (24.12 ± 0.35%/day) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in larvae fed nauplii combined with dry feed. A diet of decapsulated Artemia cysts resulted in the lowest values for these parameters (8.90 ± 0.44 mg and 17.18 ± 0.28%/day, respectively). FCR was best in the diets using nauplii only (0.53 ± 0.12) or nauplii combined with dry diet (0.70 ± 0.30). Feeding decapsulated Artemia cysts or its combination with dry feed resulted in the poorest (1.62–1.66) FCR values. Microscopic observation of the intestinal morphology demonstrated a decrease of mucosal folds, mucosal fold height, perimeter ratio (inner/outer perimeter) and wall thickness from the proximal to the distal intestine at 6 dph. Generally mucosal morphometric parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) higher when feeding nauplii combined with dry feed, than when feeding other diets. Goblet cells counts relative to PAS staining decreased from the proximal to the distal intestine. Nauplii and its combination with dry feed resulted into significantly (P < 0.05) higher counts of goblet cells in all intestinal parts. The highest goblet cell count was on 4 dph (range 57–254) before decreasing by 6 dph (32–54) in all diets. A gradual reduction of nauplii daily ration in its combination with dry feed stimulated morphological development that resulted in improved growth performance. Different starter feeds thus had an impact on intestinal morphological development and on growth in the larval phase, but could also affect further rearing results.

ACS Style

Callen Nyang'ate Onura; Wim Van Den Broeck; Nancy Nevejan; Patricia Muendo; Gilbert Van Stappen. Growth performance and intestinal morphology of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus , Burchell, 1822) larvae fed on live and dry feeds. Aquaculture 2018, 489, 70 -79.

AMA Style

Callen Nyang'ate Onura, Wim Van Den Broeck, Nancy Nevejan, Patricia Muendo, Gilbert Van Stappen. Growth performance and intestinal morphology of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus , Burchell, 1822) larvae fed on live and dry feeds. Aquaculture. 2018; 489 ():70-79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Callen Nyang'ate Onura; Wim Van Den Broeck; Nancy Nevejan; Patricia Muendo; Gilbert Van Stappen. 2018. "Growth performance and intestinal morphology of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus , Burchell, 1822) larvae fed on live and dry feeds." Aquaculture 489, no. : 70-79.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2018 in Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology
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Recurrence of atrial fibrillation after an ablation procedure remains a major problem which emphasizes the need for improved pulmonary vein isolation techniques. The aim of this study was to describe an implantation procedure of a pulmonary vein-stent which may possibly serve as an ablation technique in the future and to examine stent safety in a follow-up study in pigs. Eight pigs were catheterized and nine self-expanding nitinol stents were implanted through a transfemoral or transatrial approach into the antra of the pulmonary veins. After three months follow-up, the animals were euthanized for further examination. During the follow-up phase, no complications were observed. Absence of thrombus formation or pulmonary vein wall dissection was noticed during anatomical and histological evaluation of the heart-lung packages. All implants were almost completely covered by neo-intima, of which thickness varied between 0.2 and 3.9 mm. Stents can safely be positioned and deployed into the antra of the pulmonary veins without any acute or long term (three months) adverse effects. In the future, these implants could function as a permanently implanted ablation device and provide new therapeutic strategies for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Tim Vandecasteele; Stijn Schauvliege; Matthew Philpott; Eli Clement; Gunther Van Loon; Lisse Vera; Tim Boussy; Thomas Van Bergen; Wim Van Den Broeck; Pieter Cornillie; Glenn Van Langenhove. A preliminary study of pulmonary vein implant applicability and safety as a potential ablation platform in a follow-up study in pigs. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 2018, 41, 167 -171.

AMA Style

Tim Vandecasteele, Stijn Schauvliege, Matthew Philpott, Eli Clement, Gunther Van Loon, Lisse Vera, Tim Boussy, Thomas Van Bergen, Wim Van Den Broeck, Pieter Cornillie, Glenn Van Langenhove. A preliminary study of pulmonary vein implant applicability and safety as a potential ablation platform in a follow-up study in pigs. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 2018; 41 (2):167-171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tim Vandecasteele; Stijn Schauvliege; Matthew Philpott; Eli Clement; Gunther Van Loon; Lisse Vera; Tim Boussy; Thomas Van Bergen; Wim Van Den Broeck; Pieter Cornillie; Glenn Van Langenhove. 2018. "A preliminary study of pulmonary vein implant applicability and safety as a potential ablation platform in a follow-up study in pigs." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 41, no. 2: 167-171.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Micron
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This study is the first to describe the ultrastructural morphology of the envelope of Solea solea eggs from fertilisation until hatching. Defining the ultrastructural morphology of fish eggs is important for species identification and may assist in predicting the effect of external influences on these early life stages. In first instance, various fixation and embedding protocols were assessed to explore the morphology of the egg envelope, whereby the encountered difficulties were highlighted. The successful protocol for SEM proved to be combined fixation with 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer for minimum 4h with post-fixation of 2h with 1% OsO4 in 0.1M cacodylate buffer. For TEM, puncturing the egg envelope during the first steps of the fixation protocol was necessary to allow the embedding medium to penetrate through the egg envelope. Based on both scanning and transmission electron microscopical examination, three distinct layers were discerned in the egg envelope. During the development of the fish embryo, a change in the outer structure of the egg was observed. Scanning electron microscopical examination of one day post-fertilisation eggs (DPF) revealed a homogeneous outer layer, displaying a large number of pores uniformly distributed on the surface of the egg envelope. Starting from 2 DPF parts of the outermost layer or two outer layers peeled off. The second deeper layer showed larger pores, with less defined edges. In the third innermost layer irregular indentations were noted. On transmission electron microscopy the first outermost layer of 1 DPF eggs clearly folded into the pores. The second layer was more electron dense, had a uniform appearance and did not cover the surface of the pores. The third innermost layer was much thicker and possessed indentations. A total number of 12 undulating zones were discriminated based on different degrees of electron density. Prior to hatching, the compact structure of the innermost layer was distorted by dispersed holes and tears.

ACS Style

Evelien De Swaef; Myriam Claeys; Wim Bert; Ann Huysseune; Paul Eckhard Witten; Wim Van Den Broeck; Annemie Decostere. Ultrastructural morphology of the envelope of Dover sole Solea solea eggs from fertilization until hatching with emphasis on sample preparation. Micron 2017, 99, 9 -18.

AMA Style

Evelien De Swaef, Myriam Claeys, Wim Bert, Ann Huysseune, Paul Eckhard Witten, Wim Van Den Broeck, Annemie Decostere. Ultrastructural morphology of the envelope of Dover sole Solea solea eggs from fertilization until hatching with emphasis on sample preparation. Micron. 2017; 99 ():9-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Evelien De Swaef; Myriam Claeys; Wim Bert; Ann Huysseune; Paul Eckhard Witten; Wim Van Den Broeck; Annemie Decostere. 2017. "Ultrastructural morphology of the envelope of Dover sole Solea solea eggs from fertilization until hatching with emphasis on sample preparation." Micron 99, no. : 9-18.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Micron
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Angiopoietins and their TIE receptors are important regulators of vascular stability and remodeling. These molecules are involved not only in the normal development of kidney glomeruli, but also in disease, thus making them promising targets for therapies. Although TIE receptors are mainly found in endothelial cells, some reports observed TIE2 expression in glomerular podocytes as well. This suggests a role of angiopoietins in the regulation of podocytes. In the present study, we aimed to map the subcellular localization of TIE receptors in metanephric glomeruli of fetal pigs using high-resolution immunogold electron microscopy and the relative labeling index stereological approach. TIE1 and TIE2 antibody labeling was detected on the abluminal side of endothelial cell membranes. In endothelial cells, 4.5% of TIE2 was observed close to cell-cell contacts and 11.9% of TIE2 was found in closely associated pairs, which suggests the presence of homodimers. Interestingly, both receptors were also expressed in podocyte foot processes indicating that TIE1 and TIE2 may play a similar role in podocytes as in endothelial cells.

ACS Style

Anastasia Logothetidou; Ward De Spiegelaere; Wim Van Den Broeck; Tim Vandecasteele; Liesbeth Couck; Paul Simoens; Pieter Cornillie. Stereological and immunogold studies on TIE1 and TIE2 localization in glomeruli indicate angiopoietin signaling in podocytes. Micron 2017, 97, 6 -10.

AMA Style

Anastasia Logothetidou, Ward De Spiegelaere, Wim Van Den Broeck, Tim Vandecasteele, Liesbeth Couck, Paul Simoens, Pieter Cornillie. Stereological and immunogold studies on TIE1 and TIE2 localization in glomeruli indicate angiopoietin signaling in podocytes. Micron. 2017; 97 ():6-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anastasia Logothetidou; Ward De Spiegelaere; Wim Van Den Broeck; Tim Vandecasteele; Liesbeth Couck; Paul Simoens; Pieter Cornillie. 2017. "Stereological and immunogold studies on TIE1 and TIE2 localization in glomeruli indicate angiopoietin signaling in podocytes." Micron 97, no. : 6-10.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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The present study aimed at evaluating the cellular and transcriptomic responses induced by the probiotic candidate Vibrio lentus with gnotobiotic European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1785) larvae. For this, a histomorphological analysis was performed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assay. In addition, a global transcriptomic approach was adopted to study the whole body mRNA changes upon administration of V. lentus by microarrays with the custom Agilent sea bass oligonucleotide-microarray v2.0 (4 × 44 K). Following V. lentus administration, the apoptotic and cell proliferative indexes did not show significant differences between treatments for hindgut nor for midgut. However, V. lentus treatment did significantly modify the gene expression related not only to cell proliferation and cell death, but also to cell adhesion, reactive oxygen species metabolism, iron transport, and immune response. Our data represent the first global analysis of the effects of the probiotic candidate V. lentus on the gene expression profile in gnotobiotic European sea bass, and as such, provides a first delineation of the mechanisms by which this agent interacts with its host and exerts its beneficial effects.

ACS Style

Marlien Schaeck; Felipe E. Reyes-López; Eva Vallejos-Vidal; Jolien Van Cleemput; Luc Duchateau; Wim Van Den Broeck; Lluis Tort; Annemie Decostere. Cellular and transcriptomic response to treatment with the probiotic candidate Vibrio lentus in gnotobiotic sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) larvae. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2017, 63, 147 -156.

AMA Style

Marlien Schaeck, Felipe E. Reyes-López, Eva Vallejos-Vidal, Jolien Van Cleemput, Luc Duchateau, Wim Van Den Broeck, Lluis Tort, Annemie Decostere. Cellular and transcriptomic response to treatment with the probiotic candidate Vibrio lentus in gnotobiotic sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) larvae. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2017; 63 ():147-156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marlien Schaeck; Felipe E. Reyes-López; Eva Vallejos-Vidal; Jolien Van Cleemput; Luc Duchateau; Wim Van Den Broeck; Lluis Tort; Annemie Decostere. 2017. "Cellular and transcriptomic response to treatment with the probiotic candidate Vibrio lentus in gnotobiotic sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) larvae." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 63, no. : 147-156.

Research article
Published: 08 February 2017 in Laboratory Animals
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Piglets are considered to be suitable animal models for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of test drugs for potential use in the paediatric population. Such PK/PD studies require multiple blood and urine samplings. The goal of the present study was to determine a suitable blood collection strategy applicable in the youngest age categories of six days, four weeks and eight weeks of age, as well as a urine collection technique for male piglets in the same age categories. Blood was collected either by a surgically-placed jugular vein catheter (six days old [ n = 4] and four weeks old [ n = 2] piglets) or by direct venepuncture of the jugular vein (four weeks old [ n = 2] and eight weeks old [ n = 4] piglets). A non-invasive method for total volume urine collection in male piglets was also developed using a urine pouch. No specific complications were encountered during anaesthesia or surgery for jugular catheter placement. After a 24 h recovery period, urine and blood were easily collected without technical complications. One piglet was humanely killed at week 2 because of septicaemia. Histological analysis of both veins in all four piglets revealed negligible damage to the blood vessel wall. In conclusion, the presented techniques for blood (jugular catheter and direct venepuncture) and urine collection (pouches) are suitable for PK/PD studies in piglets.

ACS Style

Elke Gasthuys; Stijn Schauvliege; Thomas Van Bergen; Joske Millecam; Ilaria Cerasoli; Ann Martens; Frank Gasthuys; Tim Vandecasteele; Pieter Cornillie; Wim Van Den Broeck; Filip Boyen; Siska Croubels; Mathias Devreese. Repetitive urine and blood sampling in neonatal and weaned piglets for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling in drug discovery: a pilot study. Laboratory Animals 2017, 51, 498 -508.

AMA Style

Elke Gasthuys, Stijn Schauvliege, Thomas Van Bergen, Joske Millecam, Ilaria Cerasoli, Ann Martens, Frank Gasthuys, Tim Vandecasteele, Pieter Cornillie, Wim Van Den Broeck, Filip Boyen, Siska Croubels, Mathias Devreese. Repetitive urine and blood sampling in neonatal and weaned piglets for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling in drug discovery: a pilot study. Laboratory Animals. 2017; 51 (5):498-508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elke Gasthuys; Stijn Schauvliege; Thomas Van Bergen; Joske Millecam; Ilaria Cerasoli; Ann Martens; Frank Gasthuys; Tim Vandecasteele; Pieter Cornillie; Wim Van Den Broeck; Filip Boyen; Siska Croubels; Mathias Devreese. 2017. "Repetitive urine and blood sampling in neonatal and weaned piglets for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling in drug discovery: a pilot study." Laboratory Animals 51, no. 5: 498-508.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in The Veterinary Journal
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• Claw conformation changed over a period of 5 weeks in weaned pigs with marginal Zn status compared to Zn-supplemented pigs. • Histological claw characteristics did not differ significantly between treatment groups. • Claw quality differed for lateral and medial digits and for fore and hind claws. The aim of this study was to determine whether marginal dietary zinc (Zn) concentrations affect claw quality measurements in weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups: (1) 42 mg Zn/kg diet from ingredients only (unsupplemented, marginal dietary Zn concentration below Zn requirements of 80 mg Zn/kg feed); and (2) 106 mg Zn/kg diet, where Zn was added as ZnO (common commercial dietary Zn concentration). Claw conformation characteristics were measured at the start (day 0, 4 weeks of age) and at the end (day 36, 9 weeks of age) of the study, and the histological claw characteristics of horn wall and heel were examined at 9 weeks of age. Non-supplemented pigs had narrower claw widths (P = 0.028) and lower toe heights (P = 0.010) at 9 weeks. Claw volume and claw horn size were lower (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively) for the non-supplemented pigs at 9 weeks of age. Horn growth and wear were lower for the non-supplemented pigs (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively), but net horn growth (horn growth minus wear) was not different (P = 0.406). No changes in histological claw characteristics were observed. Differences in claw quality measurements were found between lateral and medial claw digits and between fore and hind claws. It was concluded that marginal dietary Zn concentration affected various claw quality measurements. Marginal dietary Zn concentrations may not be sufficient to maintain claw quality in pigs.

ACS Style

Miriam M.J. Van Riet; Geert P.J. Janssens; Pieter Cornillie; Wim Van Den Broeck; Elena Nalon; Bart Ampe; Frank A.M. Tuyttens; Dominiek Maes; Gijs Du Laing; Sam Millet. Marginal dietary zinc concentration affects claw conformation measurements but not histological claw characteristics in weaned pigs. The Veterinary Journal 2016, 209, 98 -107.

AMA Style

Miriam M.J. Van Riet, Geert P.J. Janssens, Pieter Cornillie, Wim Van Den Broeck, Elena Nalon, Bart Ampe, Frank A.M. Tuyttens, Dominiek Maes, Gijs Du Laing, Sam Millet. Marginal dietary zinc concentration affects claw conformation measurements but not histological claw characteristics in weaned pigs. The Veterinary Journal. 2016; 209 ():98-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miriam M.J. Van Riet; Geert P.J. Janssens; Pieter Cornillie; Wim Van Den Broeck; Elena Nalon; Bart Ampe; Frank A.M. Tuyttens; Dominiek Maes; Gijs Du Laing; Sam Millet. 2016. "Marginal dietary zinc concentration affects claw conformation measurements but not histological claw characteristics in weaned pigs." The Veterinary Journal 209, no. : 98-107.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2015 in Veterinary Research
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The sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, is a major problem in the beef cattle industry, especially in Belgian Blue (BB) cattle. This breed is naturally more predisposed to psoroptic mange but reasons for this high susceptibility remain unknown. Different immune responses could be a potential cause; thus in this study, the cutaneous immune response and in vitro cellular immune response after antigen re-stimulation were examined in naturally infested BB. Cytokine production in the skin and in circulating re-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) demonstrated a mixed pro-inflammatory Th2/Th17 profile, with transcription of IL-4, IL-13, IL-6 and IL-17. Strong IL-17 up-regulation in the skin of BB was associated with an influx of eosinophils and other immune cells, potentially leading towards more severe symptoms. Virtually no changes in cutaneous IFN-γ transcription were detected, while there was substantial IFN-γ up-regulation in re-stimulated PBMC from infested and uninfested animals, potentially indicating a role of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in the innate immune response. In Holstein–Friesian (HF) cattle, generally more resistant to P. ovis infection, a largely similar immunologic response was observed. Differences between HF and BB were the lack of cutaneous IL-17 response in infested HF and low transcription levels of IFN-γ and high IL-10 transcription in re-stimulated PBMC from both infested and uninfested animals. Further research is needed to identify potential cell sources and biological functions for these cytokines and to fully unravel the basis of this different breed susceptibility to P. ovis.

ACS Style

Charlotte Sarre; Ana González-Hernández; Stefanie Van Coppernolle; Rika Grit; Korneel Grauwet; Frederik Van Meulder; Koen Chiers; Wim Van Den Broeck; Peter Geldhof; Edwin Claerebout. Comparative immune responses against Psoroptes ovis in two cattle breeds with different susceptibility to mange. Veterinary Research 2015, 46, 131 .

AMA Style

Charlotte Sarre, Ana González-Hernández, Stefanie Van Coppernolle, Rika Grit, Korneel Grauwet, Frederik Van Meulder, Koen Chiers, Wim Van Den Broeck, Peter Geldhof, Edwin Claerebout. Comparative immune responses against Psoroptes ovis in two cattle breeds with different susceptibility to mange. Veterinary Research. 2015; 46 (1):131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charlotte Sarre; Ana González-Hernández; Stefanie Van Coppernolle; Rika Grit; Korneel Grauwet; Frederik Van Meulder; Koen Chiers; Wim Van Den Broeck; Peter Geldhof; Edwin Claerebout. 2015. "Comparative immune responses against Psoroptes ovis in two cattle breeds with different susceptibility to mange." Veterinary Research 46, no. 1: 131.

Review
Published: 06 April 2015 in Reviews in Aquaculture
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In aquaculture hatcheries, egg disinfection is commonly employed as a mortality mitigation and disease management tool. In addition, disinfection protocols are utilized in research facilities, as a means to create axenic and gnotobiotic larval models. For the latter, a complete sterilization of the eggs is warranted. Multiple research groups have tested various disinfectants in fish eggs adopting different protocols and a range of parameters to evaluate their efficacy and safety. However, there is a clear lack of a critical review listing these different studies and stressing the advantages and shortcomings of the protocols and adopted disinfectants. This review provides a commented survey of the findings/experiments on the most frequently used and upcoming disinfecting products, the protocols in which they are included and their purposes with emphasis on decreasing bacterial and/or fungal load, underscoring the benefits and the limitations of each product. Supplemented with a critical note, this review assists both aquaculturists and researchers in making an informed choice. Moreover, it will help stakeholders to identify the gaps in knowledge where future research on egg disinfection is needed

ACS Style

Evelien De Swaef; Wim Van Den Broeck; Kristof Dierckens; Annemie Decostere. Disinfection of teleost eggs: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture 2015, 8, 321 -341.

AMA Style

Evelien De Swaef, Wim Van Den Broeck, Kristof Dierckens, Annemie Decostere. Disinfection of teleost eggs: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture. 2015; 8 (4):321-341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Evelien De Swaef; Wim Van Den Broeck; Kristof Dierckens; Annemie Decostere. 2015. "Disinfection of teleost eggs: a review." Reviews in Aquaculture 8, no. 4: 321-341.