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Isabel Lorenzo
Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, 08500 Barcelona, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 22 May 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Background: In aged populations, muscle strength depends more on muscle quality than on muscle quantity, while all three are criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Intracellular water content (ICW) in lean mass (LM) has been proposed as an indicator of muscle quality related to muscle strength in older people. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the ICW/LM ratio, muscle strength and indicators of functional performance in obese older adults, and to assess the value of the ICW/LM ratio as an indicator of muscle quality. Methodology: Design: cross-sectional study. Population: persons aged 65–75 years with a body mass index of 30–39 kg/m2. ICW and LM were estimated by bioelectrical impedance. Hand grip, gait speed, unipedal stance test, timed up-and-go (TUG) test, Barthel score and frailty (Fried criteria) were assessed. Sarcopenia was established according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Results: Recruited were 305 subjects (66% women), mean age 68 years. The ICW/LM ratio correlated with the TUG test, gait speed and grip strength, and was also associated with sex, the unipedal stance test and frailty. Independently of age, sex and muscle mass, the ICW/LM ratio was related with gait speed, the TUG test and unipedal stance capacity. One person (0.3%) had sarcopenia defined as low muscle strength and low muscle mass, while 25 people (8.2%) had sarcopenia defined as low muscle strength and poor muscle quality (ICW/LM). With this last definition, sarcopenia was related to frailty, gait speed and the TUG test. Conclusions: ICW content in LM could be a useful muscle quality indicator for defining sarcopenia. However, more studies are required to confirm our findings for other populations.

ACS Style

Mateu Serra-Prat; Isabel Lorenzo; Mònica Papiol; Elisabet Palomera; Maria Bartolomé; Eulogio Pleguezuelos; Emili Burdoy. Intracellular Water Content in Lean Mass as an Indicator of Muscle Quality in an Older Obese Population. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 1580 .

AMA Style

Mateu Serra-Prat, Isabel Lorenzo, Mònica Papiol, Elisabet Palomera, Maria Bartolomé, Eulogio Pleguezuelos, Emili Burdoy. Intracellular Water Content in Lean Mass as an Indicator of Muscle Quality in an Older Obese Population. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (5):1580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mateu Serra-Prat; Isabel Lorenzo; Mònica Papiol; Elisabet Palomera; Maria Bartolomé; Eulogio Pleguezuelos; Emili Burdoy. 2020. "Intracellular Water Content in Lean Mass as an Indicator of Muscle Quality in an Older Obese Population." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5: 1580.

Review
Published: 09 August 2019 in Nutrients
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Water, the main component of the body, is distributed in the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Water exchange between these compartments is mainly governed by osmotic pressure. Extracellular water osmolarity must remain within very narrow limits to be compatible with life. Older adults lose the thirst sensation and the ability to concentrate urine, and this favours increased extracellular osmolarity (hyperosmotic stress). This situation, in turn, leads to cell dehydration, which has severe consequences for the intracellular protein structure and function and, ultimately, results in cell damage. Moreover, the fact that water determines cell volume may act as a metabolic signal, with cell swelling acting as an anabolic signal and cell shrinkage acting as a catabolic signal. Ageing also leads to a progressive loss in muscle mass and strength. Muscle strength is the main determinant of functional capacity, and, in elderly people, depends more on muscle quality than on muscle quantity (or muscle mass). Intracellular water content in lean mass has been related to muscle strength, functional capacity, and frailty risk, and has been proposed as an indicator of muscle quality and cell hydration. This review aims to assess the role of hyperosmotic stress and cell dehydration on muscle function and frailty.

ACS Style

Isabel Lorenzo; Mateu Serra-Prat; Juan Carlos Yébenes. The Role of Water Homeostasis in Muscle Function and Frailty: A Review. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1857 .

AMA Style

Isabel Lorenzo, Mateu Serra-Prat, Juan Carlos Yébenes. The Role of Water Homeostasis in Muscle Function and Frailty: A Review. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (8):1857.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Lorenzo; Mateu Serra-Prat; Juan Carlos Yébenes. 2019. "The Role of Water Homeostasis in Muscle Function and Frailty: A Review." Nutrients 11, no. 8: 1857.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2019 in Nutrients
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High intracellular water (ICW) content has been associated with better functional performance and a lower frailty risk in elderly people. However, it is not clear if the protective effect of high ICW is due to greater muscle mass or better muscle quality and cell hydration. We aimed to assess the relationship between ICW content in lean mass (LM) and muscle strength, functional performance, frailty, and other clinical characteristics in elderly people. In an observational cross-sectional study of community-dwelling subjects aged ≥75 years, ICW and LM were estimated by bioelectrical impedance, and the ICW/LM ratio (mL/kg) calculated. Muscle strength was measured as hand grip, frailty status was assessed according to Fried criteria, and functional status was assessed by Barthel score. For 324 recruited subjects (mean age 80 years), mean (SD) ICW/LM ratio was 408 (29.3) mL/kg. The ICW/LM ratio was negatively correlated with age (rs = −0.249; p < 0.001). A higher ICW/LM ratio was associated with greater muscle strength, better functional capacity, and a lower frailty risk, even when adjusted by age, sex, nº of co-morbidities, and LM. ICW content in LM (including the muscle) may influence muscle strength, functional capacity and frailty. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

ACS Style

Mateu Serra-Prat; Isabel Lorenzo; Elisabet Palomera; Juan Carlos Yébenes; Lluís Campins; Mateu Cabré. Intracellular Water Content in Lean Mass is Associated with Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals. A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019, 11, 661 .

AMA Style

Mateu Serra-Prat, Isabel Lorenzo, Elisabet Palomera, Juan Carlos Yébenes, Lluís Campins, Mateu Cabré. Intracellular Water Content in Lean Mass is Associated with Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals. A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (3):661.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mateu Serra-Prat; Isabel Lorenzo; Elisabet Palomera; Juan Carlos Yébenes; Lluís Campins; Mateu Cabré. 2019. "Intracellular Water Content in Lean Mass is Associated with Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals. A Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 11, no. 3: 661.