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The aim of this study was to investigate perceived benefits for mental and physical health and barriers to horseback riding participation among professional and amateur athletes by gender. The empirical study of 2651 professional and amateur horseback riders was conducted during the last edition of Cavaliada competitions (held in Poznan in December 2019)—one of the biggest and most important horseback riding events in Europe. A diagnostic survey method was used in the study. In the questionnaire a division of benefits and barriers according to the EBBS (Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale) was used. The results are presented by means of frequency distributions for individual items. The verification of hypotheses about the differences between the analyzed groups was conducted using the U-Mann Whitney test with a correction of tied ranks. For the compared groups the mean rank values were calculated. Research results showed that respondents rated the positive impact of equestrianism on mental health higher than on physical health. Among the barriers, the most frequently mentioned aspects were not related to the internal motivation of the respondents, but to external factors—money, time and distance of sports facilities. Men rated the social and psychological benefits higher, while women rated the positive impact of equestrianism on physicality. Professionals rated more highly a number of aspects related to positive effects on the body, while amateurs claimed that were more often not supported by loved ones. This is important research from the point of view of horseback riding promotion. Understanding the horseback riding benefits and barriers are needed, as such knowledge can be used to encourage horseback riding. Perceived benefits and barriers to horseback riding have so far been rarely studied by researchers.
Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Dariusz Wieliński; Katarzyna Adamczewska. Perceived Benefits for Mental and Physical Health and Barriers to Horseback Riding Participation. The Analysis among Professional and Amateur Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3736 .
AMA StyleEwa Malchrowicz-Mośko, Dariusz Wieliński, Katarzyna Adamczewska. Perceived Benefits for Mental and Physical Health and Barriers to Horseback Riding Participation. The Analysis among Professional and Amateur Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3736.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Dariusz Wieliński; Katarzyna Adamczewska. 2020. "Perceived Benefits for Mental and Physical Health and Barriers to Horseback Riding Participation. The Analysis among Professional and Amateur Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3736.
Adolescent forms of idiopathic scoliosis are commonly encountered deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine. They affect a significant number of adolescents, yet their cause is still unknown. The presented research is a cross-sectional analysis of 3933 volunteers (2131 girls and 1802 boys). The participants were primary school students aged 9 to 13 years old. This study determined a relationship between predictors such as: body mass, body height and body mass index (BMI) (independent variables) and angle of trunk rotation (ATR) value (dependent variable). Moreover, a stepwise multiple regression with backward selection was conducted to determine to what extent the dependent variable is explained by body mass, body height and BMI. In the group of 11,12,13-year-old girls, the analyzed results of multiple stepwise regression were statistically significant. Among the all studied predictors, it has been shown that body mass in the 11-year-old girls and body height in 12- and 13-year-old girls are major correlates of a 1-year ATR increase in proximal and main thoracic spine levels.
Katarzyna Adamczewska; Marzena Wiernicka; Ewa Kamińska; Joanna Małecka; Agata Dąbrowska; Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. Annual Observation of Changes in the Angle of Trunk Rotation. Trunk Asymmetry Predictors. A Study from a Scoliosis Screening in School Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1899 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Adamczewska, Marzena Wiernicka, Ewa Kamińska, Joanna Małecka, Agata Dąbrowska, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. Annual Observation of Changes in the Angle of Trunk Rotation. Trunk Asymmetry Predictors. A Study from a Scoliosis Screening in School Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (6):1899.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Adamczewska; Marzena Wiernicka; Ewa Kamińska; Joanna Małecka; Agata Dąbrowska; Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. 2020. "Annual Observation of Changes in the Angle of Trunk Rotation. Trunk Asymmetry Predictors. A Study from a Scoliosis Screening in School Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 1899.
Despite the growing interest in extreme sports around the world, researchers have rarely investigated the complex factors that have led to a developed commitment to extreme sports in recent years. Precisely, the social identity of ultramarathoners remains a research niche. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of a sports event on shaping social identity of ultramarathon runners on the example of Karkonosze Winter Ultramarathon (held in Poland). The qualitative method used in the article—interviews with runners—made it possible to examine the factors that create social identity, among which the motives for participation, sports subculture, and the authenticity of the experience play a key role. The first part of the article describes the theoretical aspects of social identity in sport. The second, empirical part presents the research results supplemented by the statements of the contestants. In this case, the subject of analysis is the motives for participation in a winter ultramarathon and their characteristics. Lastly, the article analyzes the subculture of ultramarathoners and the experience of contestants’ authenticity. The investigated winter ultramarathon created the perfect space for creation, deepening and celebrating the social identity of ultramarathoners assessed as a value in itself. The article enriches the present knowledge about the motivation of ultramarathoners because, unlike the results of quantitative research, it presents in-depth responses of runners who were not always concerned by existing research questionnaires.
Marek Kazimierczak; Agata Dąbrowska; Katarzyna Adamczewska; Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. The Impact of Modern Ultramarathons on Shaping the Social Identity of Runners. The Case Study of Karkonosze Winter Ultramarathon. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 17, 116 .
AMA StyleMarek Kazimierczak, Agata Dąbrowska, Katarzyna Adamczewska, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. The Impact of Modern Ultramarathons on Shaping the Social Identity of Runners. The Case Study of Karkonosze Winter Ultramarathon. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 17 (1):116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarek Kazimierczak; Agata Dąbrowska; Katarzyna Adamczewska; Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. 2019. "The Impact of Modern Ultramarathons on Shaping the Social Identity of Runners. The Case Study of Karkonosze Winter Ultramarathon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 116.
The purpose of our research was twofold: to investigate the motivations for participating in a mass cycling event for amateurs and the motivational differences between men and women in cycling. This empirical study involving 385 cyclists was conducted during the fifth edition of the Skoda Bike Challenge held in Poznań in 2018. The event forms part of the UCI Gran Fondo World Series of events organized around the world, which are sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). A diagnostic survey method with a standardized interviewing technique was used to interview cyclists. The interview questionnaire was divided according to the MPAM-R scale (Motives for Physical Activity Measure–Revised). This scale assesses people’s motives for participating in physical activities. The following motivations were examined: appearance, fitness, social, competence/challenge, and enjoyment. Descriptive statistics were used. A chi-square test was used to determine characteristics between responses. Cramer’s φ for statistically significant scores was indicated. The research results show some differences between male and female motives for competitive amateur cycling. Statistically significant differences were found between the following motives: interest/enjoyment, competence/challenge, and fitness. This is important information from the point of view of promoting cycling and for organizers of cycling events in regions wishing to promote sports tourism as a form of sustainable development. An understanding of mass cycling motivations is needed, as such knowledge can be used to encourage cycling, which has a potentially positive effect on future cyclists’ physical and mental health. Learning about cycling motivations also allows us to determine which physical and mental health functions are fulfilled by mass sporting events and how to prepare for them. The motives for participating in mass cycling events for amateurs in Europe constitute an interesting field of research. The first part of the paper presents the literature review related to cycling in the context of motivations, sporting events, tourism, event management, and sustainable development, and the second part presents the results of our empirical study.
Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Maciej Młodzik; Patxi León-Guereño; Katarzyna Adamczewska. Male and Female Motivations for Participating in a Mass Cycling Race for Amateurs. The Skoda Bike Challenge Case Study. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6635 .
AMA StyleEwa Malchrowicz-Mośko, Maciej Młodzik, Patxi León-Guereño, Katarzyna Adamczewska. Male and Female Motivations for Participating in a Mass Cycling Race for Amateurs. The Skoda Bike Challenge Case Study. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Maciej Młodzik; Patxi León-Guereño; Katarzyna Adamczewska. 2019. "Male and Female Motivations for Participating in a Mass Cycling Race for Amateurs. The Skoda Bike Challenge Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6635.
The impact of sports events on the promotion of physical activity, healthy lifestyles and sports participation is debatable, and most of the literature is on mega-events. This begs the question if more evidence of this type of impact can be found for non-mega events. Research on sports legacy often refers to the tangible effects such as infrastructure that is left after the competition. However, the construction of new facilities does not automatically result in attracting participants. Despite the high expectations of events organizers in terms of their impacts on pro-health behavior of people, few studies provide empirical evidence that events encourage sport fans to become more physically active. The aim of this research was to examine whether a mass run promotes physical activity among spectators, and whether a mass run influences the willingness of spectators to start in half marathon in the future. A written paper–pencil survey was collected from 510 spectators during the 6th Poznan Half Marathon. The results show that observing a mass run event has a positive impact on the willingness to engage in regular physical activity as well as the willingness to take part in this type of sport in the future. Our work provides knowledge about the level of effectiveness in promoting active lifestyles among supporters depending on age, sex and place of residents. This work focuses on mass runs, which have been under-researched when it comes to impact on sport participation.
Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Joanna Poczta; Katarzyna Adamczewska. The Potential of Non-Mega Sporting Events for the Promotion of Physical Activity Among Inactive Supporters at the Poznan Half Marathon: A Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4193 .
AMA StyleEwa Malchrowicz-Mośko, Joanna Poczta, Katarzyna Adamczewska. The Potential of Non-Mega Sporting Events for the Promotion of Physical Activity Among Inactive Supporters at the Poznan Half Marathon: A Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (21):4193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Joanna Poczta; Katarzyna Adamczewska. 2019. "The Potential of Non-Mega Sporting Events for the Promotion of Physical Activity Among Inactive Supporters at the Poznan Half Marathon: A Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4193.
(1) Background: Idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity of the growing spine. It affects 2-3% of adolescents; yet its cause is still unknown. At the early stage of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), the signs are not very noticeable. That is why the primarily school-based screening for scoliosis is so important. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 6850 respondents. Participants were elementary school students in the metropolitan area of Poland. The suspicion of IS was based on detection of three-dimensional deformity of the spine using scoliometer. (3) Results: Respondents were divided into two groups: Angle of trunk rotation (ATR) = 0-3º and ATR > 3º. Presented research using a referral criterion of 5º ATR showed that in the group of participants who had ATR > 3º the largest percentage of 5 degree values was recorded at the second and third measurement level of the spine (30.5%, 31.1%, respectively). Analyzing the differences between the two groups of girls (ATR = 0-3º, ATR > 3º), statistically significant differences were recorded between 9 and 11 years of age (p = 0.0388). Girls with ATR > 3º at all measuring levels are significantly slimmer than girls with ATR 0-3º; (4) Conclusions: Age; sex, and risk of developing angle of trunk rotation are very closely associated. The main thoracic (level 2) and thoraco-lumbar (level 3) level of measuring of the spine appears to be the most differentiating in the diagnosis of scoliosis. Girls with a lower degree of trunk deformity (4-6º trunk rotation), which can present mild scoliosis and those with a higher degree (7º trunk rotation) have lower body mass than girls within the norm.
Katarzyna Adamczewska; Marzena Wiernicka; Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Joanna Małecka; Jacek Lewandowski. The Angle of Trunk Rotation in School Children: A Study from an Idiopathic Scoliosis Screening. Prevalence and Optimal Age Screening Value. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3426 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Adamczewska, Marzena Wiernicka, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko, Joanna Małecka, Jacek Lewandowski. The Angle of Trunk Rotation in School Children: A Study from an Idiopathic Scoliosis Screening. Prevalence and Optimal Age Screening Value. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (18):3426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Adamczewska; Marzena Wiernicka; Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Joanna Małecka; Jacek Lewandowski. 2019. "The Angle of Trunk Rotation in School Children: A Study from an Idiopathic Scoliosis Screening. Prevalence and Optimal Age Screening Value." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3426.