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For many university students, commuting to and from campus constitutes a large proportion of their daily movement, and therefore it may influence their ability and willingness to spend time on campus or to participate in campus activities. To assess student engagement on campus, we collected smartphone GPS location histories from volunteers (n = 280) attending university in a major Canadian city. We investigated how campus visit length and frequency were related to characteristics of the commute using Bayesian regression models. Slower commutes and commutes over longer distances were associated with more time spent but less frequent visits to campus. Our results demonstrate that exposure to campus life, and therefore the potential for student engagement, may relate not just to whether a student lives on or near campus, but also to urban environmental factors that interact to influence the commuting experience.
Patricia Doyle-Baker; Andrew Ladle; Angela Rout; Paul Galpern. Smartphone GPS Locations of Students’ Movements to and from Campus. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 517 .
AMA StylePatricia Doyle-Baker, Andrew Ladle, Angela Rout, Paul Galpern. Smartphone GPS Locations of Students’ Movements to and from Campus. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (8):517.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Doyle-Baker; Andrew Ladle; Angela Rout; Paul Galpern. 2021. "Smartphone GPS Locations of Students’ Movements to and from Campus." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8: 517.
Public health measures introduced to combat the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the physical activity, health, and well-being of millions of people. This grounded theory study explored how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected physical activity and perceptions of health among adults in a Canadian city (Calgary). Twelve adults (50% females; 20–70 years) were interviewed between June and October (2020) via telephone or videoconferencing. Using a maximum variation strategy, participants with a range of sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity levels, and perceptions of seriousness and anxiety related to COVID-19 were selected. Semi-structured interviews captured participant perceptions of how their physical activity and perceptions of health changed during the pandemic. Using thematic analysis, four themes were identified: (1) Disruption to Daily Routines, (2) Changes in Physical Activity, (3) Balancing Health, and (4) Family Life. Participants experienced different degrees of disruption in their daily routines and physical activity based on their individual circumstances (e.g., pre-pandemic physical activity, family life, and access to resources). Although participants faced challenges in modifying their daily routines and physical activity, many adapted. Some participants reported enhanced feelings of well-being. Public health strategies that encourage physical activity and promote health should be supported as they are needed during pandemics, such as COVID-19.
Jennie Petersen; Calli Naish; Dalia Ghoneim; Jason Cabaj; Patricia Doyle-Baker; Gavin McCormack. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: A Qualitative Study in a Canadian City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4441 .
AMA StyleJennie Petersen, Calli Naish, Dalia Ghoneim, Jason Cabaj, Patricia Doyle-Baker, Gavin McCormack. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: A Qualitative Study in a Canadian City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennie Petersen; Calli Naish; Dalia Ghoneim; Jason Cabaj; Patricia Doyle-Baker; Gavin McCormack. 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: A Qualitative Study in a Canadian City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4441.
COVID-19 restrictions led to reduced levels of physical activity, increased screen usage, and declines in mental health in youth; however, in-depth understandings of the experiences of high school student-athletes have yet to be explored. To describe the experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic on student-athletes’ physical activity, social connection, and mental health, 20 high school student-athletes living in Calgary, Alberta participated in semi-structured interviews, designed using phenomenography. Participants reported variations in physical activity, social connections, and mental health which were influenced by stay-at-home restrictions and weather. Access to resources, changes to routines, online classes, and social support all influenced engagement in physical activity. School and sports provided opportunities for in-person social connections, impacted by the onset of the pandemic. Participants reported their mental health was influenced by social connections, online classes, and physical activity. Findings from this study will inform the development of resources for high school student-athletes amidst COVID-19.
Heather Shepherd; Taffin Evans; Srijal Gupta; Meghan McDonough; Patricia Doyle-Baker; Kathy Belton; Shazya Karmali; Samantha Pawer; Gabrielle Hadly; Ian Pike; Stephanie Adams; Shelina Babul; Keith Yeates; Daniel Kopala-Sibley; Kathryn Schneider; Stephanie Cowle; Pamela Fuselli; Carolyn Emery; Amanda Black. The Impact of COVID-19 on High School Student-Athlete Experiences with Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Social Connection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3515 .
AMA StyleHeather Shepherd, Taffin Evans, Srijal Gupta, Meghan McDonough, Patricia Doyle-Baker, Kathy Belton, Shazya Karmali, Samantha Pawer, Gabrielle Hadly, Ian Pike, Stephanie Adams, Shelina Babul, Keith Yeates, Daniel Kopala-Sibley, Kathryn Schneider, Stephanie Cowle, Pamela Fuselli, Carolyn Emery, Amanda Black. The Impact of COVID-19 on High School Student-Athlete Experiences with Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Social Connection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeather Shepherd; Taffin Evans; Srijal Gupta; Meghan McDonough; Patricia Doyle-Baker; Kathy Belton; Shazya Karmali; Samantha Pawer; Gabrielle Hadly; Ian Pike; Stephanie Adams; Shelina Babul; Keith Yeates; Daniel Kopala-Sibley; Kathryn Schneider; Stephanie Cowle; Pamela Fuselli; Carolyn Emery; Amanda Black. 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on High School Student-Athlete Experiences with Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Social Connection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3515.
Sleep duration is a risk factor for poor health and all-cause mortality. Evidence suggests that neighbourhood characteristics such as built environment and socioeconomic status (SES) may affect sleep duration in adults. This study examined the relationship between neighbourhood built environment (i.e., measured via the street pattern) and SES with sleep duration in adults (n = 797) from 12 neighbourhoods in Calgary (Canada). Covariate adjusted linear and multinomial logistic regression models estimated the associations between street pattern (grid, warped-grid, curvilinear), SES and sleep duration. We also tested if the interaction between street pattern and SES was associated with sleep duration. Although neighbourhood street pattern and neighbourhood SES were not independently associated with sleep, the interaction between street pattern and neighbourhood SES, was associated with mean sleep duration. Individuals living in curvilinear low SES neighbourhoods had the shortest sleep duration (6.93 h per day; 95% CI 6.68, 7.18), while those living in curvilinear high SES neighbourhoods slept the longest (7.43 h per day; 95% CI 7.29, 7.57). Neighbourhood street pattern and SES, as well as their interaction, were not associated with the odds of sleeping shorter or longer than 7 to 8 h per day. Our findings suggest that the combined effect of the neighbourhood built environment and SES is potentially important for influencing sleep duration. More research is needed to understand the complex interrelationships between the built environment, SES, and sleep.
R. Lukic; D.L. Olstad; P.K. Doyle-Baker; M.L. Potestio; G.R. McCormack. Associations between neighbourhood street pattern, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and sleep in adults. Preventive Medicine Reports 2021, 22, 101345 .
AMA StyleR. Lukic, D.L. Olstad, P.K. Doyle-Baker, M.L. Potestio, G.R. McCormack. Associations between neighbourhood street pattern, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and sleep in adults. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2021; 22 ():101345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Lukic; D.L. Olstad; P.K. Doyle-Baker; M.L. Potestio; G.R. McCormack. 2021. "Associations between neighbourhood street pattern, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and sleep in adults." Preventive Medicine Reports 22, no. : 101345.
To investigate stress levels among Canadian female university students and determine cutoff scores for low, moderate, and high stress in this population. Participants: Hundred female undergraduates, mean age of 20.3 (SD = 1.8) years. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed and students were approached in hallways at the start of the 2018 academic year and asked to complete a Student-life Stress Inventory (SSI). Results: Mean stress score was 138.2 (SD = 28.9) out of 255; 53% reported high exposure to stress with 80% reporting low behavioral response to stress. Conclusion: Self-report exposure to stress was high in many at the semester start but manageable and stress scores were similar to other campuses that administered the SSI. A study design that uses qualitative data to enhance the survey findings while longitudinal tracking over the academic year may better inform the extent of student stress exposure and how students effectively cope with this exposure.
Laura E. Crack; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. Stress levels in university/college female students at the start of the academic year. Journal of American College Health 2020, 1 -4.
AMA StyleLaura E. Crack, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. Stress levels in university/college female students at the start of the academic year. Journal of American College Health. 2020; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura E. Crack; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. 2020. "Stress levels in university/college female students at the start of the academic year." Journal of American College Health , no. : 1-4.
Youth ski racers spend a considerable amount of time on snow and this may detract from other activities known to influence fundamental movement skills and overall health related outcomes. Parents of racers (n = 52 F; n = 44 M; age range 9–14 years) registered in the Canadian club system completed a baseline medical questionnaire during preseason testing in 2017. We describe physical activity volume and sport participation outside of physical education classes over the previous 12 months and report on injuries, medication use and health care utilization. The mean number of activities participated was five (range 1–14) with cycling, hiking, and swimming as the preferred choice and a cumulative mean of just under 400 h of activity was reported (range F 27–1,015; M 62–869 h/year) in the past year. During the past 12 months 16% of the athletes reported being injured and injury severity impacted return to sport with range of reported days missed from 1 to 365 days. Thirteen non-concussive injuries were reported in alpine skiing and females (12%, 6/52) reported more lower limb injuries than males (7%, 3/44). More males were concussed over their lifetime, with alpine skiing accounting for 46% and mountain biking 15%. Most athletes (85%) did not take medication on a regular basis and those that did had a medical diagnosis. The frequency of respiratory conditions was 13% (12/96) with males reporting slightly more cases than females. No difference in emergency visits occurred (25%) between males and females in the past 12 months, however females reported more (n = 102) allied health care, sport medicine and x-rays appointments when compared to males (n = 65). In summary, a high volume of physical activity (an hour plus per day) over the previous 12 months was reported with racers participating in several activities outside of skiing, likely honing their fundamental movement skills. Close proximity to the mountains may have influenced their choices of activity outside of ski racing, and their injuries and a variety of health conditions were typical of their age group. Future research employing wearable technology to objectively quantify the volume and intensity of physical activity participation is recommended.
Patricia K. Doyle-Baker; Carolyn A. Emery. Self-Reported Physical Activity, Injury, and Illness in Canadian Adolescent Ski Racers. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2020, 2, 1 .
AMA StylePatricia K. Doyle-Baker, Carolyn A. Emery. Self-Reported Physical Activity, Injury, and Illness in Canadian Adolescent Ski Racers. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2020; 2 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia K. Doyle-Baker; Carolyn A. Emery. 2020. "Self-Reported Physical Activity, Injury, and Illness in Canadian Adolescent Ski Racers." Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2, no. : 1.
There are many health benefits of regular physical activity and improving physical fitness levels can reduce the risk of chronic disease. Accumulating evidence suggests the neighborhood built environment is important for supporting physical activity; however, few studies have investigated the contribution of the neighborhood built environment to fitness levels. We examined the associations between objectively-determined and self-reported neighborhood walkability and overall and specific components of perceived health-related fitness (cardiorespiratory, muscular strength, and flexibility) in a random sample of 592 adults from two areas of Calgary (Canada). Participants provided complete data to an online questionnaire capturing perceived cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength (MST), flexibility, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), resistance training, and sociodemographic characteristics. The questionnaire also captured participant’s perceptions of their neighborhood’s walkability (Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale; PANES) and the physical activity supportiveness of neighborhood parks (Park Perceptions Index; PPI). Objectively-measured neighborhood walkability was estimated using Walk Score®. The average (SD) age of participants was 46.6 (14.8) years and 67.2% were female. Participants, on average, participated in at least 30-minutes of MVPA on 3.4 (2.1) days/week and undertook resistance training 2.0 (1.8) days/week. Adjusting for covariates, Walk Score® was not associated with any fitness outcomes. Adjusting for covariates, the PANES index was positively associated (p < 0.05) with CRF, MST, flexibility, and overall fitness and the PPI was positively associated (p < 0.05) with all fitness outcomes except MST. Our findings provide novel preliminary evidence suggesting the neighborhood built environment may be important for supporting higher health-related fitness levels in adults.
Gavin R. McCormack; Levi Frehlich; Anita Blackstaffe; Tanvir C. Turin; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. Active and Fit Communities. Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Health-Related Fitness in Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1131 .
AMA StyleGavin R. McCormack, Levi Frehlich, Anita Blackstaffe, Tanvir C. Turin, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. Active and Fit Communities. Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Health-Related Fitness in Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (4):1131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGavin R. McCormack; Levi Frehlich; Anita Blackstaffe; Tanvir C. Turin; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. 2020. "Active and Fit Communities. Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Health-Related Fitness in Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1131.
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a biomarker used to reflect both healthy and pathological state(s). The effect of the menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle phases (follicular, luteal) on HRV remains unclear. Active eumenorrheic women free from exogenous hormones completed five consecutive weeks of daily, oral basal body temperature (BBT) and HRV measurements upon waking. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize shifts in the HRV measures: standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive difference (rMSSD), high (HF) and low frequency (LF) across the menstrual cycle and between phases. All HRV measures were assessed by medians ( Mdn), median difference of consecutive days ( Mdn∆) and variance. Seven participants ( M ± SD; age: 28.60 ± 8.40 year) completed the study with regular menstrual cycles (28.40 ± 2.30 days; ovulation day 14.57 ± 0.98 day). Median rMSSD displayed a nonlinear decrease across the menstrual cycle and plateau around the day of ovulation. A negative shift before ovulation in Mdn∆, rMSSD, SDNN, and LF as well as peak on luteal phase Day 4 in rMSSD and SDNN was observed. Median variance increased in rMSSD (150.06 ms2) SDNN (271.12 ms2), and LF variance (0.001 sec2/Hz) from follicular to luteal phase. Daily HRV associated with the parasympathetic nervous system was observed to decrease nonlinearly across the menstrual cycle.
Renée L. Kokts-Porietis; Nathaniel R. Minichiello; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Daily Measures of Heart Rate Variability in Athletic Women. Psychophysiology 2020, 34, 60 -68.
AMA StyleRenée L. Kokts-Porietis, Nathaniel R. Minichiello, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Daily Measures of Heart Rate Variability in Athletic Women. Psychophysiology. 2020; 34 (1):60-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenée L. Kokts-Porietis; Nathaniel R. Minichiello; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. 2020. "The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Daily Measures of Heart Rate Variability in Athletic Women." Psychophysiology 34, no. 1: 60-68.
Physical activity (PA) decreases in late adolescence and young adulthood when this age cohort enters the workforce with many being employed in the foodservice industry. Daily energy expenditure can be divided between occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Although LTPA is known to be associated with positive health benefits, a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of OPA on LTPA in young restaurant servers. This study measured via accelerometry, OPA and LTPA for a 7-day period from a sample of young adult servers (n = 7, 23-29 years old) from two restaurants. Resting metabolic rate was measured via indirect calorimetry and inputted into the AMP 331 accelerometer for energy expenditure calculations. Energy expenditure patterns were compared to age- and sex-specific normative data, occupational classifications, and the Canadian PA Guidelines to Healthy Active Living (CPAG). Energy expenditure results and step count values were higher for working versus non-working days and working versus non-working periods. Daily, working energy expenditure was approximately equal to normative data, while non-working daily energy expenditure was lower. The working period energy expenditure placed this population in the ‘exceptionally active’ OPA classification. Minimum PA levels, based on CPAG were met each day, however 10,000-steps-per-day were only achieved on working days. None of the participants logged LTPA and therefore 100% of their PA came from OPA. More research is needed over a longer duration and at different times in the year to identify the effect OPA has on LTPA in this population.
Patricia K. Doyle-Baker; Heather E. Wray. Exploring the Occupational Physical Activity Levels in young Adult Restaurant Servers. International Journal of Nutrition 2019, 4, 20 -28.
AMA StylePatricia K. Doyle-Baker, Heather E. Wray. Exploring the Occupational Physical Activity Levels in young Adult Restaurant Servers. International Journal of Nutrition. 2019; 4 (3):20-28.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia K. Doyle-Baker; Heather E. Wray. 2019. "Exploring the Occupational Physical Activity Levels in young Adult Restaurant Servers." International Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 3: 20-28.
There are widely divergent views as to what constitutes “public health” and “public health research”. But regardless of these views, readers of this journal would likely agree that public health matters; we assert that so does the educational programming that prepares its workforce. Our voiced perspectives as authors are influenced by our respective training, occupations, and academic locales, and we believe that undergraduate public and population health education (UGPPHE) across many disciplines is crucial to strengthening public health in Canada. Existing literature and discourse related to UGPPHE in Canada tends to be concentrated around its ancillary positioning within clinical health disciplines such as medicine, nursing, and dentistry, rather than on the evolution of undergraduate degree programs. While UGPPHE programming has the important function of preparing undergraduates to enter into practice as public health professionals, it has added virtue in its capacity to improve public health literacy and produce a more robust body of informed and engaged citizens. The intent of this commentary is to draw increased attention towards the other disciplines less well known for bringing awareness to UGPPHE in Canada and to commence what will hopefully be a cascade of dialogue from stakeholders across the nation. Les opinions sur ce que représentent la « santé publique » et la « recherche en santé publique » sont très divergentes. Mais quelles que soient ces opinions, les lecteurs de cette revue conviendront sans doute que la santé publique importe; nous affirmons que les programmes d’enseignement qui préparent la main-d’œuvre en santé publique importent aussi. Les points de vue que nous exprimons en tant qu’auteurs sont influencés par notre formation, notre profession et le lieu géographique de nos établissements d’enseignement respectifs, et nous croyons que l’enseignement de premier cycle en santé publique et des populations (EPCSPP) dans plusieurs disciplines est essentiel au renforcement de la santé publique au Canada. La littérature et le discours actuels sur l’EPCSPP au Canada ont tendance à s’articuler autour de sa complémentarité avec les disciplines cliniques de la santé, comme la médecine, les sciences infirmières et la dentisterie, et non de l’évolution des programmes de premier cycle. Les programmes d’EPCSPP ont l’importante fonction de préparer les étudiants à devenir des professionnels de la santé publique, mais ils ont le mérite supplémentaire d’améliorer la compétence informationnelle en santé publique et de produire un corps plus robuste de citoyens informés et engagés. Dans notre commentaire, nous voulons attirer l’attention sur d’autres disciplines moins connues pour sensibiliser le public à l’EPCSPP au Canada, et amorcer ce qui deviendra, du moins l’espérons-nous, une cascade de dialogue entre les acteurs de tout le pays.
Ali Walker; Patricia Doyle-Baker. Promoting and strengthening public health through undergraduate education. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2019, 110, 327 -330.
AMA StyleAli Walker, Patricia Doyle-Baker. Promoting and strengthening public health through undergraduate education. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2019; 110 (3):327-330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Walker; Patricia Doyle-Baker. 2019. "Promoting and strengthening public health through undergraduate education." Canadian Journal of Public Health 110, no. 3: 327-330.
Purpose Active youth are vulnerable to knee injury and subsequent osteoarthritis. Improved understanding of the association between health-related outcomes and history of joint injury could inform osteoarthritis prevention strategies. The purpose of this historical cohort study is to examine the association between youth sport–related knee injury and various clinical, physiological, behavioral, and functional health-related outcomes, 3–10 yr postinjury. Methods Participants included 100 individuals who experienced a youth sport–related knee injury 3–10 yr earlier and 100 age-, sex-, and sport-matched uninjured controls. Outcomes include the following: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain Score, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), weekly physical activity, estimated aerobic capacity, hip and knee muscle strength, and dynamic balance. Baseline characteristics were described. Multivariable regression models (95% confidence interval [CI]) were used to evaluate the association between injury history and each outcome, considering the influence of sex and time since injury. Results Participant median age was 22 yr (range, 15–26 yr), and 55% were female. The injured group demonstrated poorer KOOS subscale scores, more total and intermittent pain, higher BMI (1.8 kg·m−2; 95% CI = 0.9–2.6), higher FMI (1.1 kg·m−2; 95% CI = 0.5–1.6), weaker knee extensor (−0.18 N·m·kg−1; 95% CI = −0.33 to −0.02) and flexor (−0.21 N·m·kg−1; 95% CI = −0.30 to −0.11) muscles, and poorer balance than controls. In the previously injured group, female sex was associated with poorer KOOS quality-of-life scores, knee flexor strength, and greater FMI, whereas longer time since injury was associated with poorer KOOS symptoms scores, knee extensor strength, and balance outcomes. Conclusion Youth that suffer a sport-related knee injury demonstrate on average more negative health-related outcomes consistent with future osteoarthritis compared with uninjured matched controls 3–10 yr after injury. These negative outcomes differ by sex and time since injury.
Jackie L. Whittaker; Clodagh M. Toomey; Alberto Nettel-Aguirre; Jacob L. Jaremko; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker; Linda J. Woodhouse; Carolyn A. Emery. Health-related Outcomes after a Youth Sport–related Knee Injury. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2019, 51, 255 -263.
AMA StyleJackie L. Whittaker, Clodagh M. Toomey, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Jacob L. Jaremko, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker, Linda J. Woodhouse, Carolyn A. Emery. Health-related Outcomes after a Youth Sport–related Knee Injury. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2019; 51 (2):255-263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJackie L. Whittaker; Clodagh M. Toomey; Alberto Nettel-Aguirre; Jacob L. Jaremko; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker; Linda J. Woodhouse; Carolyn A. Emery. 2019. "Health-related Outcomes after a Youth Sport–related Knee Injury." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, no. 2: 255-263.
Data describing how individuals use their urban environment is a valuable source of information in urban planning. In many cases, data used for these purposes have low spatial and temporal resolution, or sample size. Equally, comprehensive analytical approaches suitable for these data may be lacking. We present a statistical method borrowed from wildlife ecology and management called a resource selection function (RSF). We apply it to answer questions relating to the selection of urban green space by university students, using a dataset consisting of smartphone GPS location data volunteered by participants. We ask questions relating to urban greenspace selection by comparing used locations to a set of random locations at multiple spatial extents. We found that participants altered their selection of areas according to the surrounding recreational trail density and whether those areas were classified as green space. These relationships were also influenced by season. Our study also demonstrates how the design of an urban RSF can offer different insights by varying the extent of the domain: (1) to an individual’s core area; or (2) by excluding from the domain areas that are physically unavailable. We emphasize the importance of matching availability to the research question and conclude by reviewing the opportunities presented by using RSFs combined with GPS location data in an urban context. We argue that RSFs have utility beyond wildlife ecology and management, and, given the increasing availability of smartphone GPS data, can successfully be applied to determine the use and selection of spaces by urban residents.
Andrew Ladle; Paul Galpern; Patricia Doyle-Baker. Measuring the use of green space with urban resource selection functions: An application using smartphone GPS locations. Landscape and Urban Planning 2018, 179, 107 -115.
AMA StyleAndrew Ladle, Paul Galpern, Patricia Doyle-Baker. Measuring the use of green space with urban resource selection functions: An application using smartphone GPS locations. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2018; 179 ():107-115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Ladle; Paul Galpern; Patricia Doyle-Baker. 2018. "Measuring the use of green space with urban resource selection functions: An application using smartphone GPS locations." Landscape and Urban Planning 179, no. : 107-115.
During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, individuals with obesity were disproportionately affected by H1N1 with increased levels of mortality and morbidity. This led to questions regarding the potential impact of lifestyle on the effectiveness of immunization. Currently, the research is limited on influenza vaccination and the associated changes in immune response with body composition and physical activity. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the potential role of adiposity and physical activity in the immune response elicited by the 2014/2015 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine. A prospective cohort study examining the 2014/2015 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine was conducted by collecting baseline and 4-week postvaccination fasting blood samples from 45 male Albertans between the ages of 18 and 35 years. Percent body fat (%BF) was assessed through dual X-ray absorptiometry imagining and physical activity through self-reported survey scores. While no differences in median %BF were associated with seroconversion rates in participants, the median physical activity score was higher among those that did not seroconvert to the vaccine. Significant differences were found for the A/Texas strain (p < 0.01) and a similar trend of lower magnitude observed for the remaining 2 influenza strains. These results suggest that higher physical activity levels may influence immune response to vaccination and that assessing factors beyond those commonly used can be of value when identifying vaccine response in the population.
Andrew Stewart; Otto G. Vanderkooi; Raylene A. Reimer; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. Immune response in highly active young men to the 2014/2015 seasonal influenza vaccine. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2018, 43, 769 -774.
AMA StyleAndrew Stewart, Otto G. Vanderkooi, Raylene A. Reimer, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. Immune response in highly active young men to the 2014/2015 seasonal influenza vaccine. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2018; 43 (8):769-774.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Stewart; Otto G. Vanderkooi; Raylene A. Reimer; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker. 2018. "Immune response in highly active young men to the 2014/2015 seasonal influenza vaccine." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 8: 769-774.
To examine differences in knee confidence between individuals with a history of youth sport-related knee injury and uninjured controls.Historical cohort study.Participants include 100 individuals who sustained a youth sport-related intra-articular knee injury 3-10 years previously and 100 age-, sex- and sport-matched uninjured controls. Outcomes included: Knee confidence (Knee Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score); fat mass index (FMI; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); and weekly physical activity (modified Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Questionnaire). Mean within-pair differences (95% CI) were calculated for all outcomes. Unadjusted and adjusted (FMI and physical activity) conditional (matched-design) logistic regression (OR 95% CI) examined the association between injury history and knee confidence.Median age of participants was 22 years (range 15-26) and median age at injury was 16 years (range 9-18). Forty-nine percent (95% CI; 39.0, 59.0) of previously injured participants were bothered by knee confidence, compared to 12% (5.5, 18.5) of uninjured participants. Although there was no between group difference in physical activity, injured participants had higher FMI compared to controls (within-pair difference; (95% CI): 1.05kg/m2; (0.53, 1.57)). Logistic regression revealed that injured participants had 5.0 (unadjusted OR; 95% CI; 2.4, 10.2) and 7.5 times (adjusted OR; 95% CI: 2.7, 21.1) greater odds of being bothered by knee confidence than controls.Knee confidence differs between individuals with a previous youth sport-related knee injury and healthy controls. Knee confidence may be an important consideration for evaluating osteoarthritis risk after knee injury and developing secondary prevention strategies.
Allison Ezzat; J.L. Whittaker; C. Toomey; Patricia K Doyle-Baker; Mariana Brussoni; C.A. Emery. Knee confidence in youth and young adults at risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis 3–10 years following intra-articular knee injury. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2018, 21, 671 -675.
AMA StyleAllison Ezzat, J.L. Whittaker, C. Toomey, Patricia K Doyle-Baker, Mariana Brussoni, C.A. Emery. Knee confidence in youth and young adults at risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis 3–10 years following intra-articular knee injury. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2018; 21 (7):671-675.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAllison Ezzat; J.L. Whittaker; C. Toomey; Patricia K Doyle-Baker; Mariana Brussoni; C.A. Emery. 2018. "Knee confidence in youth and young adults at risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis 3–10 years following intra-articular knee injury." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 21, no. 7: 671-675.
Qualitative studies can provide important information about how and why the built environment impacts physical activity decision-making—information that is important for informing local urban policies. We undertook a systematized literature review to synthesize findings from qualitative studies exploring how the built environment influences physical activity in adults. Our review included 36 peer-reviewed qualitative studies published from 1998 onwards. Our findings complemented existing quantitative evidence and provided additional insight into how functional, aesthetic, destination, and safety built characteristics influence physical activity decision-making. Sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) also impacted the BE’s influence on physical activity. Our review findings reinforce the need for synergy between transportation planning, urban design, landscape architecture, road engineering, parks and recreation, bylaw enforcement, and public health to be involved in creating neighbourhood environments that support physical activity. Our findings support a need for local neighbourhood citizens and associations with representation from individuals and groups with different sociodemographic backgrounds to have input into neighbourhood environment planning process.
Grazia Salvo; Bonnie M. Lashewicz; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker; Gavin R. McCormack. Neighbourhood Built Environment Influences on Physical Activity among Adults: A Systematized Review of Qualitative Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 897 .
AMA StyleGrazia Salvo, Bonnie M. Lashewicz, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker, Gavin R. McCormack. Neighbourhood Built Environment Influences on Physical Activity among Adults: A Systematized Review of Qualitative Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (5):897.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrazia Salvo; Bonnie M. Lashewicz; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker; Gavin R. McCormack. 2018. "Neighbourhood Built Environment Influences on Physical Activity among Adults: A Systematized Review of Qualitative Evidence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 897.
Introduction Much injury literature has focused on successful return-to-sport in the two-years following traumatic knee injury. However, little is known regarding physical activity (PA) participation in the post-rehabilitation period (3–15 years later), which may be a stronger determinant of future health and risk of joint disease. Materials and methods A sub-sample of the Alberta Youth PrE-OA cohort wore a waist-mounted accelerometer device (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) for 7 days. This cohort was comprised of individuals with a 3–15 year history of sport-related intra-articular knee injury and age, sex and sport-matched uninjured controls. Descriptive statistics [mean within-pair difference (95% CI)] were used to compare moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) between pairs. Multivariable linear regression was used to explore the association between MVPA and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales (scored/100), controlling for injury history. Results Seventy-six participants were recruited (38 injured and 38 matched-controls; 16–28 years; 63% female). Previously injured participants were a median of 8.2 years since injury and spent significantly less time in daily MVPA compared to matched-controls [−13 min (95% CI: −24 to –2)]. There was a significant association between MVPA and two of the KOOS subscales, sport and recreation (β=0.68, 95% CI: 0.1 to 1.3) and quality-of-life (QOL; β=0.89, 95% CI: 0.1 to 1.7) that was not modified by injury history. Conclusion Youth and young adults spend less time in MVPA 3–15 years after sustaining a traumatic knee injury compared to matched-controls. This may be partly explained by a perceived reduction in knee function related to sport and recreational activities (e.g. running/jumping) and QOL (e.g. lifestyle modification).
Clodagh Toomey; Jackie Whittaker; Patricia Doyle-Baker; Carolyn Emery. 15 The association between physical activity and 3–15 year history of sport-related intra-articular knee injury: a matched cohort design. Abstracts 2018, 52, A6 -A6.
AMA StyleClodagh Toomey, Jackie Whittaker, Patricia Doyle-Baker, Carolyn Emery. 15 The association between physical activity and 3–15 year history of sport-related intra-articular knee injury: a matched cohort design. Abstracts. 2018; 52 ():A6-A6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClodagh Toomey; Jackie Whittaker; Patricia Doyle-Baker; Carolyn Emery. 2018. "15 The association between physical activity and 3–15 year history of sport-related intra-articular knee injury: a matched cohort design." Abstracts 52, no. : A6-A6.
Female hockey players have high energy expenditure and may enter a negative energy balance (EB) without noticeable body composition changes. Menstrual cycle (MC) and luteal phase (LP) length, EB, and bone mineral density (BMD) were tracked over nine months (mean, SD, ±) in 12 ice hockey players (HP; age 21.1 ± 3.4 yrs; height (HT) 165.9 ± 4.6 cm; weight (WT) 64.7± 8.1 kg, body fat percent (BF%) 22.8 ± 3.8%) and 12 non-athlete controls (C; age 21.4 ± 2.8 yrs., HT 169.5 ± 5.5 cm; WT 65.4 ± 5.4 kg; BF% 20.0 ± 3.1%). HP MC (35.8 ± 11.2 days) was longer than C (29.8 ± 4.3 days) and HP LP (10.1 ± 2.1 days) was also longer than C (9.6 ± 2.8 days). Anovulation occurred in 50.0 % of HP versus 39.2 % of C. No group BMD differences were observed in lumbar spine (p = 0.9), hip (p = 0.5), and radial (p = 0.7) sites. A negative EB was identified (HP = -1026.52 ± 450.1; C = -780.00 ± 310.19 kcal / day), yet no significant within-group differences in WT (HP p = 0.7; C p = 0.8), BF % (HP p = 0.97; C p = 0.6), or fat free mass (HP p = 0.6; C p = 0.98) were found over the study duration. Rigorous hockey schedule likely contributed to 28 % completion of the Basal Body Temperature and MC recordings in HP compared to 70 % in C. Both groups entered a state of negative EB, but did not exhibit a BF % change associated with the Female Athlete Triad.
Patricia Katherine Doyle-Baker; Leanne P McLean; Tak Fung. FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD - PROBABLE BUT DIFFICULT TO CONFIRM IN FEMALE ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS. Annales Kinesiologiae 2018, 8, 69 -92.
AMA StylePatricia Katherine Doyle-Baker, Leanne P McLean, Tak Fung. FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD - PROBABLE BUT DIFFICULT TO CONFIRM IN FEMALE ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS. Annales Kinesiologiae. 2018; 8 (2):69-92.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Katherine Doyle-Baker; Leanne P McLean; Tak Fung. 2018. "FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD - PROBABLE BUT DIFFICULT TO CONFIRM IN FEMALE ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS." Annales Kinesiologiae 8, no. 2: 69-92.
The mode, timing and frequency of travel by residents of urban neighbourhoods is affected by sociodemographic and environmental factors. Among these, the layout and connectivity of the street network is amenable to design by urban planners and developers. Here we focus on street connectivity as a variable influencing mobility in cities by examining GPS-enabled mobile phone location data volunteered by a group of 127 university students (234,709 h of behavioural observation over a six-year period). We used a Bayesian beta regression framework to model the proportion of time spent inactive, walking and travelling at vehicle speeds, relative to street connectivity and other environmental attributes measured within a radius of home. Results indicated that lower street connectivity, measured using a simple measure we call network warp, is associated with more time spent inactive and more time travelling at vehicle speeds by students. The proportion of time spent walking was higher in areas with more street connectivity, and for student homes that were closer to campus. Our study confirms the importance of street connectivity as a factor influencing the walkability of neighborhoods and the selection of passive forms of transport, and builds on earlier studies of this relationship by incorporating longitudinal data with high spatial and temporal resolution. We conclude that crowdsourcing data that is recorded automatically by GPS-enabled mobile phones can provide an accessible and flexible evidence base to support the design of urban areas.
Paul Galpern; Andrew Ladle; Francisco Alaniz Uribe; Beverly Sandalack; Patricia Doyle-Baker. Assessing urban connectivity using volunteered mobile phone GPS locations. Applied Geography 2018, 93, 37 -46.
AMA StylePaul Galpern, Andrew Ladle, Francisco Alaniz Uribe, Beverly Sandalack, Patricia Doyle-Baker. Assessing urban connectivity using volunteered mobile phone GPS locations. Applied Geography. 2018; 93 ():37-46.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Galpern; Andrew Ladle; Francisco Alaniz Uribe; Beverly Sandalack; Patricia Doyle-Baker. 2018. "Assessing urban connectivity using volunteered mobile phone GPS locations." Applied Geography 93, no. : 37-46.
Although aging has been associated to slower V˙O2 kinetics, some evidence indicates that fitness status and not aging per se might modulate this response. The main goal of this study was to examine the V˙O2, deoxygenated hemoglobin+myoglobin (deoxy-[Hb+Mb]) kinetics, and the NIRS-derived vascular reperfusion responses in older compared to young men of different training levels (i.e., inactive, recreationally active, and endurance trained). Ten young inactive [YI; 26 ± 5 yrs.; peak V˙O2 (V˙O2peak), 2.96 ± 0.55 L·min−1], 10 young recreationally active (YR; 26 ± 6 yrs.; 3.92 ± 0.33 L·min−1), 10 young endurance trained (YT; 30 ± 4 yrs.; 4.42 ± 0.32 L·min−1), 7 older inactive (OI; 69 ± 4 yrs.; 2.50 ± 0.31 L·min−1), 10 older recreationally active (OR; 69 ± 5 yrs.; 2.71 ± 0.42 L·min−1), and 10 older endurance trained (OT; 66 ± 3 yrs.; 3.20 ± 0.35 L·min−1) men completed transitions of moderate intensity cycling exercise (MODS) to determine V˙O2 and deoxy-[Hb+Mb] kinetics, and the deoxy-[Hb+Mb]/V˙O2 ratio. The time constant of V˙O2 (τV˙O2) was greater in YI (38.8 ± 10.4 s) and OI (44.1 ± 10.8 s) compared with YR (26.8 ± 7.5 s) and OR (26.6 ± 6.5 s), as well as compared to YT (14.8 ± 3.4 s), and OT (17.7 ± 2.7 s) (p < 0.05). τV˙O2 was greater in YR and OR compared with YT and OT (p < 0.05). The deoxy-[Hb+Mb]/V˙O2 ratio was greater in YI (1.23 ± 0.05) and OI (1.29 ± 0.08) compared with YR (1.11 ± 0.03) and OR (1.13 ± 0.06), as well as compared to YT (1.01 ± 0.03), and OT (1.06 ± 0.03) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the deoxy-[Hb+Mb]/ V˙O2 ratio was greater in YR and OR compared with YT and OT (p < 0.05). There was a main effect of training (p = 0.033), whereby inactive (p = 0.018) and recreationally active men (p = 0.031) had significantly poorer vascular reperfusion than endurance trained men regardless of age. This study demonstrated not only that age-related slowing of V˙O2 kinetics can be eliminated in endurance trained individuals, but also that inactive lifestyle negatively impacts the V˙O2 kinetics response of young healthy individuals.
Mitchell A. George; Kaitlin M. McLay; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker; Raylene A. Reimer; Juan M. Murias. Fitness Level and Not Aging per se, Determines the Oxygen Uptake Kinetics Response. Frontiers in Physiology 2018, 9, 277 .
AMA StyleMitchell A. George, Kaitlin M. McLay, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker, Raylene A. Reimer, Juan M. Murias. Fitness Level and Not Aging per se, Determines the Oxygen Uptake Kinetics Response. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018; 9 ():277.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMitchell A. George; Kaitlin M. McLay; Patricia K. Doyle-Baker; Raylene A. Reimer; Juan M. Murias. 2018. "Fitness Level and Not Aging per se, Determines the Oxygen Uptake Kinetics Response." Frontiers in Physiology 9, no. : 277.
The transition to university can be a stressful time in a student’s life. Recent evidence demonstrates declining mental and physical health in college and university students compared to the general public. A prospective cohort study investigating mental and physical wellness over the course of a semester in a sample of first-year undergraduate students (N=74; 65%F) from nine faculties was completed at a large university in Canada. Sixty-eight (92%) students with a mean (SD, ±) age 18.2 ± 1.1 yrs., weight 67.9 ± 15.5 kg, height, 168.5 ± 11.6 cm and waist circumference 81.3 ± 9.8 cm completed the SF-36V2 quality of life questionnaire at the beginning and end of the semester in Fall 2014. A decrease in vitality (p=0.003), social functioning (p=0.004), emotional state (p=0.014), and mental health (p=0.019) outcomes as measured by the SF-36v2 occurred during the semester. In addition, aggregate mental health significantly declined from the beginning to the end of the semester (p
P.K. Doyle-Baker; K.M. Verge; L. McClelland; T. Fung. First Year University Students Self-Reported Health Outcomes Over an Academic Semester. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Mental Health 2018, 2, 21 -29.
AMA StyleP.K. Doyle-Baker, K.M. Verge, L. McClelland, T. Fung. First Year University Students Self-Reported Health Outcomes Over an Academic Semester. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Mental Health. 2018; 2 (1):21-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP.K. Doyle-Baker; K.M. Verge; L. McClelland; T. Fung. 2018. "First Year University Students Self-Reported Health Outcomes Over an Academic Semester." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Mental Health 2, no. 1: 21-29.